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However, findings from within-country analyses have yielded inconsistent results. This study investigates the association between poverty risk, income inequality, and health outcomes using Finnish municipality-level data from 1990 to 2023. Fixed-effect models\u00a0are used to reveal a concerning interplay between these factors by utilizing measures of poverty risk, income inequality, and their synergistic effect, alongside a comprehensive set of health outcome indicators. The findings reveal a significant strong association between both poverty risk and income inequality with various health indicators. Moreover, the analysis also demonstrates a strong combined influence of poverty and inequality, indicating that their combined effect on negative health outcomes is more pronounced. 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