{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,31]],"date-time":"2026-07-31T18:48:28Z","timestamp":1785523708777,"version":"3.56.0"},"reference-count":58,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,28]],"date-time":"2026-07-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1785196800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springernature.com\/gp\/researchers\/text-and-data-mining"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,28]],"date-time":"2026-07-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1785196800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springernature.com\/gp\/researchers\/text-and-data-mining"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000024","name":"Canadian Institutes of Health Research","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["PJT-175053"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PJT-175053"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000024","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Eur J Health Econ"],"DOI":"10.1007\/s10198-026-01961-0","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,28]],"date-time":"2026-07-28T07:35:45Z","timestamp":1785224145000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Income-related inequalities in ACSC hospitalization in Canada: evidence from 2005\u20132019 surveys linked with hospitalization and tax data"],"prefix":"10.1007","author":[{"given":"Nazire","family":"Begen","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"M. Karen","family":"Campbell","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rose Anne","family":"Devlin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Saverio","family":"Stranges","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9174-765X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sisira","family":"Sarma","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,28]]},"reference":[{"key":"1961_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"OECD: Health for Everyone? Social inequalities in health and health systems, OECD health policy studies, OECD Publishing, Paris, https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1787\/3c8385d0-en.","DOI":"10.1787\/3c8385d0-en"},{"key":"1961_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"OECD: Health at a glance 2021: OECD indicators, OECD Publishing, Paris, https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1787\/ae3016b9-en.","DOI":"10.1787\/ae3016b9-en"},{"key":"1961_CR3","unstructured":"WHO: Health Inequities and Their Causes. 2018. https:\/\/www.who.int\/news-room\/facts-in-pictures\/detail\/health-inequities-and-their-causes"},{"key":"1961_CR4","unstructured":"WHO: Commission on Social Determinants of Health (CSDH). 2008. Closing the gap in a generation: Health equity through action on the social determinants of health. https:\/\/www.who.int\/publications\/i\/item\/9789241563703"},{"key":"1961_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1186\/s12913-015-0964-3","volume":"15","author":"J Busby","year":"2015","unstructured":"Busby, J., S. Purdy, and W. Hollingworth. 2015. A systematic review of the magnitude and cause of geographic variation in unplanned hospital admission rates and length of stay for ambulatory care sensitive conditions. BMC Health Services Research 15:1\u201315.","journal-title":"BMC Health Services Research"},{"key":"1961_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"155","DOI":"10.1007\/BF03404951","volume":"92","author":"AD Brown","year":"2001","unstructured":"Brown, A.D., M.J. Goldacre, N. Hicks, J.T. Rourke, R.Y. McMurtry, J.D. Brown, and G.M. Anderson. 2001. Hospitalization for ambulatory care-sensitive conditions: A method for comparative access and quality studies using routinely collected statistics. Canadian Journal of Public Health 92: 155\u2013159.","journal-title":"Canadian Journal of Public Health"},{"key":"1961_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"198","DOI":"10.1097\/01.MLR.0000045021.70297.9F","volume":"41","author":"A Oster","year":"2003","unstructured":"Oster, A., and A. B. Bindman. 2003. Emergency department visits for ambulatory care sensitive conditions: Insights into preventable hospitalizations. Medical Care 41:198\u2013207.","journal-title":"Medical Care"},{"key":"1961_CR8","volume-title":"Rural populations and health: Determinants, disparities, and solutions","author":"R Crosby","year":"2012","unstructured":"Crosby, R., M.L. Wendel, R.C. Vanderpool, and B.R. Casey. 2012. Rural populations and health: Determinants, disparities, and solutions. John Wiley & Sons."},{"key":"1961_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1020","DOI":"10.1097\/MLR.0b013e3182a97ba3","volume":"51","author":"AR Clarke","year":"2013","unstructured":"Clarke, A. R., A. P. Goddu, R. S. Nocon, N. W. Stock, L. C. Chyr, J. A. S. Akuoko, and M. H. Chin. 2013. Thirty years of disparities intervention research: What are we doing to close racial and ethnic gaps in health care? Medical Care 51:1020\u20131026.","journal-title":"Medical Care"},{"key":"1961_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"162","DOI":"10.1377\/hlthaff.12.1.162","volume":"12","author":"J Billings","year":"1993","unstructured":"Billings, J., L. Zeitel, J. Lukomnik, T. S. Carey, A. E. Blank, and L. Newman. 1993. Impact of socioeconomic status on hospital use in New York City. Health Affairs 12:162\u2013173.","journal-title":"Health Affairs"},{"key":"1961_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"436","DOI":"10.1097\/MLR.0000000000000342","volume":"53","author":"MO Falster","year":"2015","unstructured":"Falster, M.O., L.R. Jorm, K.A. Douglas, F.M. Blyth, R.F. Elliott, and A.H. Leyland. 2015. Sociodemographic and health characteristics, rather than primary care supply, are major drivers of geographic variation in preventable hospitalizations in Australia. Medical Care 53: 436\u2013445.","journal-title":"Medical Care"},{"key":"1961_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"66","DOI":"10.1093\/eurpub\/ckt019","volume":"24","author":"BG Saver","year":"2014","unstructured":"Saver, B.G., C.-Y. Wang, S.A. Dobie, P.K. Green, and L.-M. Baldwin. 2014. The central role of comorbidity in predicting ambulatory care sensitive hospitalizations. European Journal of Public Health 24: 66\u201372.","journal-title":"European Journal of Public Health"},{"key":"1961_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"123","DOI":"10.1097\/MLR.0000000000001454","volume":"59","author":"M Satokangas","year":"2021","unstructured":"Satokangas, M., M. Arffman, H. Antikainen, A. H. Leyland, and I. Keskim\u00e4ki. 2021. Individual and area-level factors contributing to the geographic variation in ambulatory care sensitive conditions in Finland: A register-based study. Medical Care 59:123\u2013130.","journal-title":"Medical Care"},{"key":"1961_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"101","DOI":"10.1001\/archinte.163.1.101","volume":"163","author":"GL Booth","year":"2003","unstructured":"Booth, G.L., and J.E. Hux. 2003. Relationship between avoidable hospitalizations for diabetes mellitus and income level. Archives of Internal Medicine 163: 101\u2013106.","journal-title":"Archives of Internal Medicine"},{"key":"1961_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"435","DOI":"10.1007\/BF03405223","volume":"97","author":"M Lemstra","year":"2006","unstructured":"Lemstra, M., C. Neudorf, and J. Opondo. 2006. Health disparity by neighbourhood income. Canadian Journal of Public Health 97:435\u2013439.","journal-title":"Canadian Journal of Public Health"},{"key":"1961_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1462","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cjca.2013.05.002","volume":"29","author":"RL Walker","year":"2013","unstructured":"Walker, R. L., G. Chen, F. A. McAlister, N. R. C. Campbell, B. R. Hemmelgarn, E. Dixon, W. Ghali, D. Rabi, K. Tu, and N. Jette. 2013. Hospitalization for uncomplicated hypertension: An ambulatory care sensitive condition. Canadian Journal of Cardiology 29:1462\u20131469.","journal-title":"Canadian Journal of Cardiology"},{"key":"1961_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.23889\/ijpds.v5i1.1388","author":"N Quinn","year":"2020","unstructured":"Quinn, N., and N. Gupta. 2020. Income inequalities in the risk of potentially avoidable hospitaliation and readmission for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: A population data linkage analysis. International Journal of Population Data Science. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.23889\/ijpds.v5i1.1388.","journal-title":"International Journal of Population Data Science"},{"key":"1961_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e2413754","DOI":"10.1001\/jamanetworkopen.2024.13754","volume":"7","author":"PE Ronksley","year":"2024","unstructured":"Ronksley, P. E., T. D. Scory, A. D. McRae, J. M. MacRae, B. J. Manns, E. Lang, M. Donald, B. R. Hemmelgarn, and M. J. Elliott. 2024. Emergency department use among adults receiving dialysis. JAMA Network Open 7:e2413754\u2013e2413754.","journal-title":"JAMA Network Open"},{"key":"1961_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"402","DOI":"10.1370\/afm.1683","volume":"12","author":"AJ Trachtenberg","year":"2014","unstructured":"Trachtenberg, A.J., N. Dik, D. Chateau, and A. Katz. 2014. Inequities in ambulatory care and the relationship between socioeconomic status and respiratory hospitalizations: A population-based study of a Canadian city. Annals of Family Medicine 12: 402\u2013407.","journal-title":"Annals of Family Medicine"},{"key":"1961_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjopen-2019-032837","volume":"10","author":"E De Prophetis","year":"2020","unstructured":"De Prophetis, E., V. Goel, T. Watson, and L.C. Rosella. 2020. Relationship between life satisfaction and preventable hospitalisations: A population-based cohort study in Ontario, Canada. BMJ Open 10: e032837.","journal-title":"BMJ Open"},{"key":"1961_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.23889\/ijpds.v5i1.1351","author":"LE Wallar","year":"2020","unstructured":"Wallar, L. E., and L. C. Rosella. 2020. Individual and neighbourhood socioeconomic status increase risk of avoidable hospitalizations among Canadian adults: A retrospective cohort study of linked population health data. International Journal of Population Data Science. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.23889\/ijpds.v5i1.1351.","journal-title":"International Journal of Population Data Science"},{"key":"1961_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"592","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cjca.2012.12.016","volume":"29","author":"H Quan","year":"2013","unstructured":"Quan, H., G. Chen, K. Tu, G. Bartlett, D.A. Butt, N.R.C. Campbell, B.R. Hemmelgarn, M.D. Hill, H. Johansen, and N. Khan. 2013. Outcomes among 3.5 million newly diagnosed hypertensive Canadians. Canadian Journal of Cardiology 29: 592\u2013597.","journal-title":"Canadian Journal of Cardiology"},{"key":"1961_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1186\/1465-9921-10-125","volume":"10","author":"SL Bacon","year":"2009","unstructured":"Bacon, S. L., A. Bouchard, E. B. Loucks, and K. L. Lavoie. 2009. Individual-level socioeconomic status is associated with worse asthma morbidity in patients with asthma. Respiratory Research 10:1\u20138.","journal-title":"Respiratory Research"},{"key":"1961_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.24095\/hpcdp.32.3.02","author":"J Aub\u00e9-Maurice","year":"2012","unstructured":"Aub\u00e9-Maurice, J., L. Rochette, and C. Blais. 2012. Divergent associations between incident hypertension and deprivation based on different sources of case identification. Chronic Diseases and Injuries in Canada. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.24095\/hpcdp.32.3.02.","journal-title":"Chronic Diseases and Injuries in Canada"},{"issue":"1","key":"1961_CR25","first-page":"24","volume":"106","author":"J Disano","year":"2010","unstructured":"Disano, J., J. Goulet, N. Muhajarine, C. Neudorf, and J. Harvey. 2010. Socio-economic status and rates of hospital admission for chronic disease in urban Canada. Canadian Nurse 106 (1): 24.","journal-title":"Canadian Nurse"},{"key":"1961_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"920","DOI":"10.1111\/dme.13633","volume":"35","author":"R Shulman","year":"2018","unstructured":"Shulman, R., J. Luo, and B. R. Shah. 2018. Mental health visits and low socio\u2010economic status in adolescence are associated with complications of type 1 diabetes in early adulthood: A population\u2010based cohort study. Diabetic Medicine 35:920\u2013928.","journal-title":"Diabetic Medicine"},{"key":"1961_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s44155-022-00023-z","volume":"2","author":"J Godley","year":"2022","unstructured":"Godley, J., and K.L. Tang. 2022. Income, education, and hospitalization in Canada: Results from linked census and administrative data. Discover Social Science and Health 2: 19.","journal-title":"Discover Social Science and Health"},{"key":"1961_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1167","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1475-6773.2005.00407.x","volume":"40","author":"LL Roos","year":"2005","unstructured":"Roos, L. L., R. Walld, J. Uhanova, and R. Bond. 2005. Physician visits, hospitalizations, and socioeconomic status: Ambulatory care sensitive conditions in a Canadian setting. Health Services Research 40:1167\u20131185.","journal-title":"Health Services Research"},{"key":"1961_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"20","DOI":"10.1037\/amp0000338","volume":"74","author":"JP Gone","year":"2019","unstructured":"Gone, J. P., W. E. Hartmann, A. Pomerville, D. C. Wendt, S. H. Klem, and R. L. Burrage. 2019. The impact of historical trauma on health outcomes for indigenous populations in the USA and Canada: A systematic review. American Psychologist 74:20.","journal-title":"American Psychologist"},{"key":"1961_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"24","DOI":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2017.03.040","volume":"181","author":"M Laberge","year":"2017","unstructured":"Laberge, M., W. P. Wodchis, J. Barnsley, and A. Laporte. 2017. Hospitalizations for ambulatory care sensitive conditions across primary care models in Ontario, Canada. Social Science & Medicine 181:24\u201333.","journal-title":"Social Science & Medicine"},{"key":"1961_CR31","unstructured":"Statistics Canada: Canadian community health survey - annual component (CCHS).\u00a0https:\/\/www.statcan.gc.ca\/en\/survey\/household\/3226"},{"key":"1961_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"315","DOI":"10.1177\/135910539700200304","volume":"2","author":"S Macintyre","year":"1997","unstructured":"Macintyre, S., and K. Hunt. 1997. Socio-economic position, gender and health: How do they interact? Journal of Health Psychology 2:315\u2013334.","journal-title":"Journal of Health Psychology"},{"issue":"53","key":"1961_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"612","DOI":"10.1136\/jech.53.10.612","volume":"1978","author":"N Krieger","year":"1999","unstructured":"Krieger, N., J. T. Chen, and J. Selby. 1999. V: Comparing individual-based and household-based measures of social class to assess class inequalities in women\u2019s health: A methodological study of 684 US women. Journal of Epidemiology and Community Health 1978 (53): 612\u2013623.","journal-title":"Journal of Epidemiology and Community Health"},{"key":"1961_CR34","unstructured":"OECD: Growing Unequal?: Income distribution and poverty in OECD countries. https:\/\/www.oecd.org\/content\/dam\/oecd\/en\/publications\/reports\/2008\/10\/growing-unequal_g1gh8dfb\/9789264044197-en.pdf"},{"key":"1961_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"647","DOI":"10.1097\/MLR.0b013e31817a835d","volume":"46","author":"RM Andersen","year":"2008","unstructured":"Andersen, R. M. 2008. National health surveys and the behavioral model of health services use. Medical Care 46:647\u2013653. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/MLR.0b013e31817a835d.","journal-title":"Medical Care"},{"key":"1961_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"225","DOI":"10.1093\/eurpub\/cky198","volume":"29","author":"S-Y Chun","year":"2019","unstructured":"Chun, S.-Y., W. Kim, and E.-C. Park. 2019. Disparities in avoidable hospitalization by income in South Korea: Data from the National Health Insurance cohort. European Journal of Public Health 29: 225\u2013231.","journal-title":"European Journal of Public Health"},{"key":"1961_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjopen-2020-038338","volume":"10","author":"S Lumme","year":"2020","unstructured":"Lumme, S., K. Manderbacka, M. Arffman, S. Karvonen, and I. Keskimaki. 2020. Cumulative social disadvantage and hospitalisations due to ambulatory care-sensitive conditions in Finland in 2011\u2500 2013: A register study. BMJ Open 10: e038338.","journal-title":"BMJ Open"},{"key":"1961_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjopen-2013-004746","volume":"4","author":"A Huntley","year":"2014","unstructured":"Huntley, A., D. Lasserson, L. Wye, R. Morris, K. Checkland, H. England, C. Salisbury, and S. Purdy. 2014. Which features of primary care affect unscheduled secondary care use? A systematic review. BMJ Open 4: e004746.","journal-title":"BMJ Open"},{"key":"1961_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1186\/s12939-020-01160-0","volume":"19","author":"LE Wallar","year":"2020","unstructured":"Wallar, L.E., E. De Prophetis, and L.C. Rosella. 2020. Socioeconomic inequalities in hospitalizations for chronic ambulatory care sensitive conditions: A systematic review of peer-reviewed literature, 1990\u20132018. International Journal for Equity in Health 19: 1\u201316.","journal-title":"International Journal for Equity in Health"},{"key":"1961_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"31","DOI":"10.1177\/10775587231197248","volume":"81","author":"R Hogg-Graham","year":"2024","unstructured":"Hogg-Graham, R., J. A. Benitez, M. E. Lacy, J. Bush, J. Lang, H. Nikolaou, E. R. Clear, J. M. McCullough, and T. M. Waters. 2024. Association between community social vulnerability and preventable hospitalizations. Medical Care Research and Review 81:31\u201338.","journal-title":"Medical Care Research and Review"},{"key":"1961_CR41","unstructured":"Anderson, G.M. 1996. Common conditions considered sensitive to ambulatory care. In edited by Goel V, Williams JI, Anderson GM, Blackstien-Hirsch P, Fooks C, Naylor CD, 104\u2013110. Patterns of health care in Ontario. The ICES Practice Atlas. 2nd ed. Ottawa, ON: Canadian Medical Association. https:\/\/www.ices.on.ca\/publications\/research-reports\/patterns-of-health-care-in-ontario-2nd-edition\/"},{"key":"1961_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"972","DOI":"10.1186\/s12913-024-11434-w","volume":"24","author":"PE Gustafsson","year":"2024","unstructured":"Gustafsson, P. E., O. Fonseca-Rodr\u00edguez, M. San Sebasti\u00e1n, B. Burstr\u00f6m, and P. A. Mosquera. 2024. Evaluating the impact of the 2010 Swedish choice reform in primary health care on avoidable hospitalization and socioeconomic inequities: An interrupted time series analysis using register data. BMC Health Services Research 24:972.","journal-title":"BMC Health Services Research"},{"key":"1961_CR43","unstructured":"Sanmartin, C. A., S. Khan, L. R. Team. 2011. Hospitalizations for ambulatory care sensitive conditions (ACSC): The factors that matter. Statistics Canada, Health Information and Research Division. https:\/\/www150.statcan.gc.ca\/n1\/pub\/82-622-x\/82-622-x2011007-eng.htm"},{"key":"1961_CR44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1186\/s12939-015-0160-4","volume":"14","author":"P-C Chen","year":"2015","unstructured":"Chen, P.-C., C.-Y. Tsai, L.-C. Woung, and Y.-C. Lee. 2015. Socioeconomic disparities in preventable hospitalization among adults with diabetes in Taiwan: A multilevel modelling approach. International Journal for Equity in Health 14: 1\u20138.","journal-title":"International Journal for Equity in Health"},{"key":"1961_CR45","volume-title":"Analyzing health equity using household survey data: A guide to techniques and their implementation","author":"O O\u2019Donnel","year":"2008","unstructured":"O\u2019Donnel, O., E. Van Doorslaer, A. Wagstaff, and M. Lindelow. 2008. Analyzing health equity using household survey data: A guide to techniques and their implementation. World Bank."},{"key":"1961_CR46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"21","DOI":"10.1186\/s12963-022-00299-y","volume":"20","author":"P Contoyannis","year":"2022","unstructured":"Contoyannis, P., J. Hurley, and M. Walli-Attaei. 2022. When the technical is also normative: A critical assessment of measuring health inequalities using the concentration index-based indices. Popul. Health Metr. 20:21.","journal-title":"Popul. Health Metr."},{"key":"1961_CR47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"504","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhealeco.2008.02.003","volume":"28","author":"G Erreygers","year":"2009","unstructured":"Erreygers, G. 2009. Correcting the concentration index. Journal of Health Economics 28:504\u2013515.","journal-title":"Journal of Health Economics"},{"key":"1961_CR48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"O\u2019Donnell, O., E. van Doorslaer, A. Wagstaff, and M. Lindelow. 2008. Extensions to the concentration index: Inequality aversion and the health achievement index. In Analyzing health equity using household survey data, 109\u2013113. Washington DC: The World Bank.","DOI":"10.1596\/978-0-8213-6933-3"},{"key":"1961_CR49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"207","DOI":"10.1016\/S0304-4076(02)00161-6","volume":"112","author":"A Wagstaff","year":"2003","unstructured":"Wagstaff, A., E. Van Doorslaer, and N. Watanabe. 2003. On decomposing the causes of health sector inequalities with an application to malnutrition inequalities in Vietnam. Journal of Econometrics 112: 207\u2013223.","journal-title":"Journal of Econometrics"},{"key":"1961_CR50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"89","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhealeco.2016.03.006","volume":"48","author":"G Heckley","year":"2016","unstructured":"Heckley, G., U.-G. Gerdtham, and G. Kjellsson. 2016. A general method for decomposing the causes of socioeconomic inequality in health. Journal of Health Economics 48: 89\u2013106.","journal-title":"Journal of Health Economics"},{"key":"1961_CR51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"953","DOI":"10.3982\/ECTA6822","volume":"77","author":"S Firpo","year":"2009","unstructured":"Firpo, S., N. M. Fortin, and T. Lemieux. 2009. Unconditional quantile regressions. Econometrica 77:953\u2013973.","journal-title":"Econometrica"},{"key":"1961_CR52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"51","DOI":"10.1177\/1536867X20909690","volume":"20","author":"F Rios-Avila","year":"2020","unstructured":"Rios-Avila, F. 2020. Recentered influence functions (RIFs) in Stata: RIF regression and RIF decomposition. The Stata Journal: Promoting Communications on Statistics and Stata 20:51\u201394.","journal-title":"The Stata Journal: Promoting Communications on Statistics and Stata"},{"key":"1961_CR53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"28","DOI":"10.3390\/econometrics6020028","volume":"6","author":"SP Firpo","year":"2018","unstructured":"Firpo, S. P., N. M. Fortin, and T. Lemieux. 2018. Decomposing wage distributions using recentered influence function regressions. Econometrics 6:28.","journal-title":"Econometrics"},{"key":"1961_CR54","first-page":"1","volume-title":"Handbook of labor economics","author":"N Fortin","year":"2011","unstructured":"Fortin, N., T. Lemieux, and S. Firpo. 2011. Decomposition methods in economics. In Handbook of labor economics, 1\u2013102. Elsevier."},{"key":"1961_CR55","unstructured":"Statistics Canada: A portrait of Canada\u2019s growing population aged 85 and older from the 2021 Census. https:\/\/www12.statcan.gc.ca\/census-recensement\/2021\/as-sa\/98-200-x\/2021004\/98-200-x2021004-eng.cfm"},{"key":"1961_CR56","unstructured":"2022. Statistics Canada: Immigrants make up the largest share of the population in over 150 years and continue to shape who we are as Canadians. https:\/\/www150.statcan.gc.ca\/n1\/daily-quotidien\/221026\/dq221026a-eng.htm"},{"key":"1961_CR57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"100336","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ssmph.2018.100336","volume":"7","author":"M Laberge","year":"2019","unstructured":"Laberge, M., and M. Leclerc. 2019. Immigration factors and potentially avoidable hospitalizations in Canada. SSM - Population Health 7:100336.","journal-title":"SSM - Population Health"},{"key":"1961_CR58","first-page":"17","volume":"36","author":"A Brobbey","year":"2025","unstructured":"Brobbey, A., V. Sharma, and M. Mazereeuw. 2025. Avoidable hospitalizations among racialized groups in Canada: Results from the 2016 Canadian census health and environment cohort. Health Reports 36:17\u201328.","journal-title":"Health Reports"}],"container-title":["The European Journal of Health Economics"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s10198-026-01961-0.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s10198-026-01961-0","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s10198-026-01961-0.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,31]],"date-time":"2026-07-31T17:28:26Z","timestamp":1785518906000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s10198-026-01961-0"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,28]]},"references-count":58,"alternative-id":["1961"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10198-026-01961-0","relation":{},"ISSN":["1618-7598","1618-7601"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1618-7598","type":"print"},{"value":"1618-7601","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,28]]},"assertion":[{"value":"18 August 2025","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"23 June 2026","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"28 July 2026","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"The authors declare that they have no conflict of interest.","order":1,"name":"Ethics","label":"Conflict of interest","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}}]}}