{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,31]],"date-time":"2026-08-31T23:53:54Z","timestamp":1788220434189,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":27,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,4,11]],"date-time":"2018-04-11T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1523404800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/www.springer.com\/tdm"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100007197","name":"U.S. Public Health Service","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["R01 DK079902"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R01 DK079902"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100007197","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100007197","name":"U.S. Public Health Service","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["R01 DK056033"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R01 DK056033"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100007197","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Biomech Model Mechanobiol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,8]]},"DOI":"10.1007\/s10237-018-1014-y","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,4,11]],"date-time":"2018-04-11T07:38:48Z","timestamp":1523432328000},"page":"1069-1082","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":12,"title":["Studies of abnormalities of the lower esophageal sphincter during esophageal emptying based on a fully coupled bolus\u2013esophageal\u2013gastric model"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"17","author":[{"given":"Wenjun","family":"Kou","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"John E.","family":"Pandolfino","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Peter J.","family":"Kahrilas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Neelesh A.","family":"Patankar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2018,4,11]]},"reference":[{"issue":"3","key":"1014_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"961","DOI":"10.1113\/jphysiol.2006.124032","volume":"580","author":"JG Brasseur","year":"2007","unstructured":"Brasseur JG, Ulerich R, Dai Q, Patel DK, Soliman A, Miller LS (2007) Pharmacological dissection of the human gastro\u2013oesophageal segment into three sphincteric components. J Physiol 580(3):961\u2013975","journal-title":"J Physiol"},{"key":"1014_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"32","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jbiomech.2017.02.029","volume":"56","author":"EL Carniel","year":"2017","unstructured":"Carniel EL, Frigo A, Fontanella CG, De Benedictis GM, Rubini A, Barp L, Pluchino G, Sabbadini B, Polese L (2017) A biomechanical approach to the analysis of methods and procedures of bariatric surgery. J Biomech 56:32\u201341","journal-title":"J Biomech"},{"issue":"1","key":"1014_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"G21","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpgi.00235.2004","volume":"289","author":"SK Ghosh","year":"2005","unstructured":"Ghosh SK, Kahrilas PJ, Zaki T, Pandolfino JE, Joehl RJ, Brasseur JG (2005) The mechanical basis of impaired esophageal emptying postfundoplication. Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol 289(1):G21\u2013G35","journal-title":"Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol"},{"issue":"5","key":"1014_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"G920","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpgi.90310.2008","volume":"295","author":"SK Ghosh","year":"2008","unstructured":"Ghosh SK, Kahrilas PJ, Brasseur JG (2008) Liquid in the gastroesophageal segment promotes reflux, but compliance does not: a mathematical modeling study. Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol 295(5):G920\u2013G933","journal-title":"Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol"},{"issue":"12","key":"1014_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e2888","DOI":"10.1002\/cnm.2888","volume":"33","author":"BE Griffith","year":"2017","unstructured":"Griffith BE, Luo X (2017) Hybrid finite difference\/finite element immersed boundary method. Int J Numer Methods Biomed Eng 33(12):e2888. \n                    https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/cnm.2888","journal-title":"Int J Numer Methods Biomed Eng"},{"issue":"Supplement C","key":"1014_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"433","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcp.2017.07.025","volume":"348","author":"W Kou","year":"2017","unstructured":"Kou W, Griffith BE, Pandolfino JE, Kahrilas PJ, Patankar NA (2017) A continuum mechanics-based musculo-mechanical model for esophageal transport. J Comput Phys 348(Supplement C):433\u2013459","journal-title":"J Comput Phys"},{"issue":"3","key":"1014_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"G389","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpgi.00385.2011","volume":"302","author":"MA Kwiatek","year":"2012","unstructured":"Kwiatek MA, Nicod\u00e8me F, Pandolfino JE, Kahrilas PJ (2012) Pressure morphology of the relaxed lower esophageal sphincter: the formation and collapse of the phrenic ampulla. Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol 302(3):G389\u2013G396","journal-title":"Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol"},{"key":"1014_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"129","DOI":"10.1017\/S0022112093000710","volume":"248","author":"M Li","year":"1993","unstructured":"Li M, Brasseur JG (1993) Non-steady peristaltic transport in finite-length tubes. J Fluid Mech 248:129\u2013129","journal-title":"J Fluid Mech"},{"issue":"11","key":"1014_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e765","DOI":"10.1111\/nmo.12205","volume":"25","author":"Z Lin","year":"2013","unstructured":"Lin Z, Nicod\u00e8me F, Boris L, Lin CY, Kahrilas PJ, Pandolfino JE (2013) Regional variation in distal esophagus distensibility assessed using the functional luminal imaging probe (flip). Neurogastroenterol Motil 25(11):e765\u2013e771","journal-title":"Neurogastroenterol Motil"},{"issue":"4","key":"1014_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"G437","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpgi.00148.2014","volume":"307","author":"Z Lin","year":"2014","unstructured":"Lin Z, Yim B, Gawron A, Imam H, Kahrilas PJ, Pandolfino JE (2014) The four phases of esophageal bolus transit defined by high-resolution impedance manometry and fluoroscopy. Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol 307(4):G437\u2013G444","journal-title":"Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol"},{"key":"1014_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-319-59677-8","volume-title":"Biomechanics of the human stomach","author":"RN Miftahof","year":"2017","unstructured":"Miftahof RN (2017) Biomechanics of the human stomach. Springer, Berlin"},{"issue":"13","key":"1014_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"924","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM199703273361306","volume":"336","author":"RK Mittal","year":"1997","unstructured":"Mittal RK, Balaban DH (1997) The esophagogastric junction. N Engl J Med 336(13):924\u2013932","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"issue":"3","key":"1014_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"G431","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpgi.00237.2005","volume":"290","author":"RK Mittal","year":"2006","unstructured":"Mittal RK, Padda B, Bhalla V, Bhargava V, Liu JM (2006) Synchrony between circular and longitudinal muscle contractions during peristalsis in normal subjects. Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol 290(3):G431\u2013G438","journal-title":"Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol"},{"issue":"9","key":"1014_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1056","DOI":"10.1016\/j.medengphy.2009.07.003","volume":"31","author":"AN Natali","year":"2009","unstructured":"Natali AN, Carniel EL, Gregersen H (2009) Biomechanical behaviour of oesophageal tissues: material and structural configuration, experimental data and constitutive analysis. Med Eng Phys 31(9):1056\u20131062","journal-title":"Med Eng Phys"},{"issue":"5","key":"1014_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1526","DOI":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2008.07.022","volume":"135","author":"JE Pandolfino","year":"2008","unstructured":"Pandolfino JE, Kwiatek MA, Nealis T, Bulsiewicz W, Post J, Kahrilas PJ (2008) Achalasia: a new clinically relevant classification by high-resolution manometry. Gastroenterology 135(5):1526\u20131533","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"key":"1014_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"479","DOI":"10.1017\/S0962492902000077","volume":"11","author":"CS Peskin","year":"2002","unstructured":"Peskin CS (2002) The immersed boundary method. Acta numerica 11:479\u2013517","journal-title":"Acta numerica"},{"key":"1014_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Pouderoux P, Lin S, Kahrilas PJ (1997) Timing, propagation, coordination, and effect of esophageal shortening during peristalsis. Gastroenterology 112(4):1147\u20131154","DOI":"10.1016\/S0016-5085(97)70125-2"},{"issue":"7","key":"1014_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"616-e269","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2982.2012.01909.x","volume":"24","author":"S Roy","year":"2012","unstructured":"Roy S, Fox M, Curcic J, Schwizer W, Pal A (2012) The gastro\u2013esophageal reflux barrier: biophysical analysis on 3d models of anatomy from magnetic resonance imaging. Neurogastroenterol Motil 24(7):616-e269","journal-title":"Neurogastroenterol Motil"},{"issue":"12","key":"1014_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2009","DOI":"10.1007\/s11605-010-1216-9","volume":"14","author":"R Soares","year":"2010","unstructured":"Soares R, Herbella FA, Prachand VN, Ferguson MK, Patti MG (2010) Epiphrenic diverticulum of the esophagus. From pathophysiology to treatment. J Gastrointest Surg 14(12):2009\u20132015","journal-title":"J Gastrointest Surg"},{"issue":"9","key":"1014_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1273","DOI":"10.1016\/j.compbiomed.2013.06.009","volume":"43","author":"DP Sokolis","year":"2013","unstructured":"Sokolis DP (2013) Structurally-motivated characterization of the passive pseudo-elastic response of esophagus and its layers. Comput Biol Med 43(9):1273\u20131285","journal-title":"Comput Biol Med"},{"issue":"16","key":"1014_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2654","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jbiomech.2009.08.018","volume":"42","author":"EA Stavropoulou","year":"2009","unstructured":"Stavropoulou EA, Dafalias YF, Sokolis DP (2009) Biomechanical and histological characteristics of passive esophagus: experimental investigation and comparative constitutive modeling. J Biomech 42(16):2654\u20132663","journal-title":"J Biomech"},{"issue":"6","key":"1014_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"902","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amjsurg.2005.08.016","volume":"190","author":"P Tedesco","year":"2005","unstructured":"Tedesco P, Fisichella PM, Way LW, Patti MG (2005) Cause and treatment of epiphrenic diverticula. Am J Surg 190(6):902\u2013905","journal-title":"Am J Surg"},{"issue":"1","key":"1014_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"53-e6","DOI":"10.1111\/nmo.12010","volume":"25","author":"AK Vegesna","year":"2013","unstructured":"Vegesna AK, Sloan JA, Singh B, Phillips SJ, Braverman AS, Barbe MF, Ruggieri MR, Miller LS (2013) Characterization of the distal esophagus high-pressure zone with manometry, ultrasound and micro-computed tomography. Neurogastroenterol Motil 25(1):53-e6","journal-title":"Neurogastroenterol Motil"},{"issue":"6","key":"1014_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"899","DOI":"10.1115\/1.2354206","volume":"128","author":"W Yang","year":"2006","unstructured":"Yang W, Fung TC, Chian KS, Chong CK (2006a) 3D mechanical properties of the layered esophagus: experiment and constitutive model. J Biomech Eng 128(6):899\u2013908","journal-title":"J Biomech Eng"},{"issue":"3","key":"1014_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"409","DOI":"10.1115\/1.2187033","volume":"128","author":"W Yang","year":"2006","unstructured":"Yang W, Fung TC, Chian KS, Chong CK (2006b) Directional, regional, and layer variations of mechanical properties of esophageal tissue and its interpretation using a structure-based constitutive model. J Biomech Eng 128(3):409\u2013418","journal-title":"J Biomech Eng"},{"issue":"11","key":"1014_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1604","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jbiomech.2009.04.041","volume":"42","author":"R Yassi","year":"2009","unstructured":"Yassi R, Cheng L, Rajagopal V, Nash M, Windsor J, Pullan A (2009) Modeling of the mechanical function of the human gastroesophageal junction using an anatomically realistic three-dimensional model. J Biomech 42(11):1604\u20131609","journal-title":"J Biomech"},{"issue":"16","key":"1014_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3441","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jbiomech.2008.09.008","volume":"41","author":"J Zhao","year":"2008","unstructured":"Zhao J, Liao D, Chen P, Kunwald P, Gregersen H (2008) Stomach stress and strain depend on location, direction and the layered structure. J Biomech 41(16):3441\u20133447","journal-title":"J Biomech"}],"container-title":["Biomechanics and Modeling in Mechanobiology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s10237-018-1014-y\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s10237-018-1014-y.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s10237-018-1014-y.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2019,4,10]],"date-time":"2019-04-10T19:22:22Z","timestamp":1554924142000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s10237-018-1014-y"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2018,4,11]]},"references-count":27,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,8]]}},"alternative-id":["1014"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10237-018-1014-y","relation":{},"ISSN":["1617-7959","1617-7940"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1617-7959","type":"print"},{"value":"1617-7940","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2018,4,11]]},"assertion":[{"value":"21 December 2017","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"20 March 2018","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"11 April 2018","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Compliance with ethical standards"}},{"value":"John E. Pandolfino discloses consulting and educational association with Medtronic, Sandhill Scientific and Ironwood Pharmaceuticals, and stock options with Crospon. Wenjun Kou, Peter J. Kahrilas, and Neelesh A. Patankar declare that they have no conflict of interest.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Conflicts of Interest"}},{"value":"This work was supported by Public Health Service grants DK079902 (to J.E.P.) and DK056033 (to P.J.K).","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Funding"}}]}}