{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,9]],"date-time":"2026-09-09T11:34:49Z","timestamp":1788953689555,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":68,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,1,25]],"date-time":"2021-01-25T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1611532800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springer.com\/tdm"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,1,25]],"date-time":"2021-01-25T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1611532800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springer.com\/tdm"}],"funder":[{"name":"Ace Vision Group"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Biomech Model Mechanobiol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,6]]},"DOI":"10.1007\/s10237-021-01417-9","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,1,25]],"date-time":"2021-01-25T04:58:51Z","timestamp":1611550731000},"page":"879-894","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":28,"title":["The action of ciliary muscle contraction on accommodation of the lens explored with a 3D model"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"20","author":[{"given":"Katherine R.","family":"Knaus","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"AnnMarie","family":"Hipsley","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Silvia S.","family":"Blemker","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,1,25]]},"reference":[{"issue":"1","key":"1417_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"77","DOI":"10.1016\/J.CMPB.2006.08.005","volume":"85","author":"A Abolmaali","year":"2007","unstructured":"Abolmaali A, Schachar RA, Le T (2007) Sensitivity study of human crystalline lens accommodation. Comput Methods Programs Biomed 85(1):77\u201390. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/J.CMPB.2006.08.005","journal-title":"Comput Methods Programs Biomed"},{"key":"1417_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Barraquer RI, Michael R, Abreu R, Jose\u00b4 Lamarca, Francisco Tresserra (2006) Human lens capsule thickness as a function of age and location along the sagittal lens perimeter. Investigative Opthalmol Visual Sci 47(5):2053. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1167\/iovs.05-1002","DOI":"10.1167\/iovs.05-1002"},{"issue":"5","key":"1417_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"661","DOI":"10.1007\/s10439-005-1433-7","volume":"33","author":"SS Blemker","year":"2005","unstructured":"Blemker SS, Delp SL (2005) Three-dimensional representation of complex muscle architectures and geometries. Ann Biomed Eng 33(5):661\u2013673. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10439-005-1433-7","journal-title":"Ann Biomed Eng"},{"issue":"4","key":"1417_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"657","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jbiomech.2004.04.009","volume":"38","author":"SS Blemker","year":"2005","unstructured":"Blemker SS, Pinsky PM, Delp SL (2005) A 3D model of muscle reveals the causes of nonuniform strains in the biceps brachii. J Biomech 38(4):657\u2013665. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jbiomech.2004.04.009","journal-title":"J Biomech"},{"key":"1417_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Brown N (1973) The change in shape and internal form of the lens of the eye on accommodation. Experim Eye Res 15(4):41\u201359. http:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pubmed\/4702379.","DOI":"10.1016\/0014-4835(73)90136-X"},{"issue":"18","key":"1417_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2235","DOI":"10.1016\/S0042-6989(02)00094-9","volume":"42","author":"HJ Burd","year":"2002","unstructured":"Burd HJ, Judge SJ, Cross JA (2002) Numerical modelling of the accommodating lens. Vision Res 42(18):2235\u20132251. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/S0042-6989(02)00094-9","journal-title":"Vision Res"},{"key":"1417_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Croft, Mary Ann, Glasser A, Kaufman PL (2001) Accommodation and Presbyopia. Int Ophthalmol Clin 41(2):33\u201346. http:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pubmed\/11290920.","DOI":"10.1097\/00004397-200104000-00005"},{"issue":"1","key":"1417_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"21","DOI":"10.1111\/opo.12256","volume":"36","author":"MA Croft","year":"2016","unstructured":"Croft MA, Heatley G, McDonald JP, Katz A, Kaufman PL (2016) Accommodative movements of the lens\/capsule and the strand that extends between the posterior vitreous zonule insertion zone & the lens equator, in relation to the vitreous face and aging. Ophthalmic Physiol Opt 36(1):21\u201332. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/opo.12256","journal-title":"Ophthalmic Physiol Opt"},{"issue":"1","key":"1417_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"13","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ohc.2005.09.003","volume":"19","author":"MA Croft","year":"2006","unstructured":"Croft MA, Kaufman PA (2006) Accommodation and presbyopia: the ciliary neuromuscular view. Ophthalmol Clin North Am 19(1):13\u201324. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ohc.2005.09.003.","journal-title":"Ophthalmol Clin North Am"},{"issue":"7","key":"1417_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5035","DOI":"10.1167\/iovs.12-10846","volume":"54","author":"MA Croft","year":"2013","unstructured":"Croft MA, McDonald JP, Katz A, Lin T-L, L\u00fctjen-Drecoll E, Kaufman PL (2013a) Extralenticular and lenticular aspects of accommodation and presbyopia in human versus monkey eyes. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 54(7):5035\u20135048. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1167\/iovs.12-10846","journal-title":"Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci"},{"issue":"7","key":"1417_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5049","DOI":"10.1167\/iovs.12-10847","volume":"54","author":"MA Croft","year":"2013","unstructured":"Croft MA, Michael Nork T, McDonald JP, Katz A, L\u00fctjen-Drecoll E, Kaufman PL (2013b) Accommodative movements of the vitreous membrane, choroid, and sclera in young and presbyopic human and nonhuman primate eyes. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 54(7):5049\u20135058. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1167\/iovs.12-10847","journal-title":"Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci"},{"issue":"9","key":"1417_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1696","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jbiomech.2010.02.031","volume":"43","author":"A Eilaghi","year":"2010","unstructured":"Eilaghi A, Flanagan JG, Tertinegg I, Simmons CA, Wayne Brodland G, Ross Ethier C (2010) Biaxial mechanical testing of human sclera. J Biomech 43(9):1696\u20131701. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jbiomech.2010.02.031","journal-title":"J Biomech"},{"issue":"3","key":"1417_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"291","DOI":"10.1016\/0014-4835(79)90091-5","volume":"28","author":"PN Farnsworth","year":"1979","unstructured":"Farnsworth PN, Shyne SE (1979) Anterior zonular shifts with age. Exp Eye Res 28(3):291\u2013297. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/0014-4835(79)90091-5","journal-title":"Exp Eye Res"},{"issue":"13","key":"1417_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3325","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jbiomech.2014.08.010","volume":"47","author":"NM Fiorentino","year":"2014","unstructured":"Fiorentino NM, Blemker SS (2014)Musculotendon variability influences tissue strains experienced by the biceps femoris long head muscle during high-speed running. J Biomech 47(13):3325\u20133333. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jbiomech.2014.08.010","journal-title":"J Biomech"},{"issue":"4","key":"1417_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"776","DOI":"10.1249\/MSS.0000000000000172","volume":"46","author":"NM Fiorentino","year":"2014","unstructured":"Fiorentino NM, Rehorn MR, Chumanov ES, Thelen DG, Blemker SS (2014) Computational models predict larger muscle tissue strains at faster sprinting speeds. Med Sci Sports Exerc 46(4):776\u2013786. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1249\/MSS.0000000000000172","journal-title":"Med Sci Sports Exerc"},{"issue":"2","key":"1417_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"219","DOI":"10.1016\/0014-4835(90)90234-L","volume":"50","author":"C Fl\u00fcgel","year":"1990","unstructured":"Fl\u00fcgel C, B\u00e1r\u00e1ny EH, L\u00fctjen-Drecoll E (1990) Histochemical differences within the ciliary muscle and its function in accommodation. Exp Eye Res 50(2):219\u2013226. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/0014-4835(90)90234-L","journal-title":"Exp Eye Res"},{"issue":"3","key":"1417_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"429","DOI":"10.1016\/0014-4835(88)90053-X","volume":"47","author":"TR Friberg","year":"1988","unstructured":"Friberg TR, Lace JW (1988) A comparison of the elastic properties of human choroid and sclera. Exp Eye Res 47(3):429\u2013436. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/0014-4835(88)90053-X","journal-title":"Exp Eye Res"},{"issue":"2","key":"1417_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"437","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcrs.2014.07.028","volume":"41","author":"DB Goldberg","year":"2015","unstructured":"Goldberg DB (2015) Computer-animated model of accommodation and presbyopia. J Cataract Refract Surg 41(2):437\u2013445. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jcrs.2014.07.028","journal-title":"J Cataract Refract Surg"},{"key":"1417_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Goldberg DB (2011) Computer-animated model of accommodation and theory of reciprocal zonular action. Clin Ophthalmol (Auckland, N.Z.) 5:1559\u20131566. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2147\/OPTH.S25983.","DOI":"10.2147\/OPTH.S25983"},{"issue":"1","key":"1417_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"170","DOI":"10.1113\/jphysiol.1966.sp007909","volume":"184","author":"AM Gordon","year":"1966","unstructured":"Gordon AM, Huxley AF, Julian FJ (1966) The variation in isometric tension with sarcomere length in vertebrate muscle fibres. J Physiol 184(1):170\u2013192. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1113\/jphysiol.1966.sp007909","journal-title":"J Physiol"},{"issue":"1","key":"1417_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"C99","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpcell.1988.254.1.C99","volume":"254","author":"CM Hai","year":"1988","unstructured":"Hai CM, Murphy RA (1988) Cross-bridge phosphorylation and regulation of latch state in smooth muscle. Am J Physiol-Cell Physiol 254(1):C99-106. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1152\/ajpcell.1988.254.1.C99","journal-title":"Am J Physiol-Cell Physiol"},{"issue":"2","key":"1417_CR23","first-page":"221","volume":"33","author":"T Hamanaka","year":"1989","unstructured":"Hamanaka T (1989) Scleral spur and ciliary muscle in man and monkey. Japan J Ophthalmol 33(2):221\u2013236. http:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pubmed\/2761116.","journal-title":"Japan J Ophthalmol"},{"key":"1417_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Handsfield GG, Bolsterlee B, Inouye JM, Herbert RD, Besier TF, Fernandez JW (2017) Determining skeletal muscle architecture with Laplacian simulations: a comparison with diffusion tensor imaging. Biomechan Model Mechanobiol. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10237-017-0923-5.","DOI":"10.1007\/s10237-017-0923-5"},{"issue":"2","key":"1417_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02720789","volume":"2","author":"H Helmholtz","year":"1855","unstructured":"Helmholtz H (1855) Ueber die accommodation des auges. Archiv f\u00fcr Ophthalmologie 2(2):1\u201374. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/BF02720789","journal-title":"Archiv f\u00fcr Ophthalmologie"},{"issue":"3","key":"1417_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"275","DOI":"10.1161\/01.RES.33.3.275","volume":"33","author":"JT Herlihy","year":"1973","unstructured":"Herlihy JT, Murphy RA (1973) Length-tension relationship of smooth muscle of the Hog Carotid artery. Circ Res 33(3):275\u2013283. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1161\/01.RES.33.3.275","journal-title":"Circ Res"},{"issue":"December","key":"1417_CR27","first-page":"956","volume":"10","author":"KR Heys","year":"2004","unstructured":"Heys KR, Cram SL, Truscott RJW (2004) Massive increase in the stiffness of the human lens nucleus with age: the basis for presbyopia?. Molecular Vis 10 (December): 956\u2013963. http:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pubmed\/15616482.","journal-title":"Molecular Vis"},{"key":"1417_CR28","unstructured":"Hogan MJ, Alvarado JA, Weddell JE (1971) Histology of the human eye: an atlas and textbook. In: Hogan MJ, Alvarado JA, Weddell JE (eds) Saunders, Philadelphia. https:\/\/books.google.com\/books?id=29JqAAAAMAAJ."},{"issue":"4","key":"1417_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1119","DOI":"10.1044\/2015_JSLHR-S-15-0013","volume":"58","author":"JM Inouye","year":"2015","unstructured":"Inouye JM, Perry JL, Lin KY, Blemker SS (2015) A computational model quantifies the effect of anatomical variability on velopharyngeal function. J Speech Lang Hearing Res JSLHRR 58(4):1119\u20131133. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1044\/2015_JSLHR-S-15-0013","journal-title":"J Speech Lang Hearing Res JSLHR"},{"issue":"October","key":"1417_CR30","first-page":"587","volume":"1","author":"T Ishikawa","year":"1962","unstructured":"Ishikawa T (1962) Fine structure of the human cillary muscle. Invest Ophthalmol 1 (October):587\u2013608. http:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pubmed\/13956875.","journal-title":"Invest Ophthalmol"},{"issue":"5","key":"1417_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"397","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1475-1313.2002.00065.x","volume":"22","author":"SJ Judge","year":"2002","unstructured":"Judge SJ, Burd HJ (2002) Modelling the mechanics of accommodation and presbyopia. Ophthal Physiol Opt 22(5):397\u2013400. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1046\/j.1475-1313.2002.00065.x","journal-title":"Ophthal Physiol Opt"},{"key":"1417_CR32","unstructured":"Kaufman PL, Alm A, Adler FH (2003) Adler\u2019s physiology of the eye: clinical application. Mosby, USA. https:\/\/books.google.com\/books?id=2YlsAAAAMAAJ."},{"issue":"13","key":"1417_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5628","DOI":"10.1167\/iovs.17-21712","volume":"58","author":"B Ke","year":"2017","unstructured":"Ke B, Mao X, Jiang H, He J, Liu C, Li M, Yuan Y, Wang J (2017) The relationship between high-order aberration and anterior ocular biometry during accommodation in young healthy adults. Invest Opthalmol Visual Sci 58(13):5628. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1167\/iovs.17-21712","journal-title":"Invest Opthalmol Visual Sci"},{"issue":"2","key":"1417_CR34","first-page":"357","volume":"38","author":"S Krag","year":"1997","unstructured":"Krag S, Olsen T, Andreassen TT (1997) Biomechanical characteristics of the human anterior lens capsule in relation to age. Invest Ophthalmol Visual Sci 38(2): 357\u2013363. http:\/\/iovs.arvojournals.org\/article.aspx?articleid=2180688.","journal-title":"Invest Ophthalmol Visual Sci"},{"issue":"6","key":"1417_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"749","DOI":"10.1016\/S1350-9462(03)00063-6","volume":"22","author":"S Krag","year":"2003","unstructured":"Krag S, Andreassen TT (2003) Mechanical properties of the human lens capsule. Progress Retinal Eye Res 22(6):749\u2013767. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/S1350-9462(03)00063-6","journal-title":"Progress Retinal Eye Res"},{"issue":"11","key":"1417_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1647","DOI":"10.1002\/1097-4598(200011)23:11<1647::AID-MUS1>3.0.CO;2-M","volume":"23","author":"RL Lieber","year":"2000","unstructured":"Lieber RL, Frid\u00e9n J (2000) Functional and clinical significance of skeletal muscle architecture. Muscle Nerve 23(11):1647\u20131666. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/1097-4598(200011)23:11%3c1647::AID-MUS1%3e3.0.CO;2-M","journal-title":"Muscle Nerve"},{"key":"1417_CR37","unstructured":"Lin TH (2013) Sefea: strain-enriched finite element analysis-a new generation of FEA, theory and benchmarks. Pittsburgh, PA. http:\/\/www.ampstech.com."},{"issue":"6\u20137","key":"1417_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"371","DOI":"10.1016\/j.compmedimag.2006.09.008","volume":"30","author":"Z Liu","year":"2006","unstructured":"Liu Z, Wang B, Xiuying Xu, Wang C (2006) A study for accommodating the human crystalline lens by finite element simulation. Comput Med Imaging Graph Med Imag Telemed 30(6\u20137):371\u2013376. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.compmedimag.2006.09.008","journal-title":"Comput Med Imaging Graph Med Imag Telemed"},{"issue":"2","key":"1417_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"139","DOI":"10.1007\/s10237-007-0081-2","volume":"7","author":"D Ljubimova","year":"2008","unstructured":"Ljubimova D, Eriksson A, Bauer S (2008) Aspects of eye accommodation evaluated by finite elements. Biomech Model Mechanobiol 7(2):139\u2013150. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10237-007-0081-2","journal-title":"Biomech Model Mechanobiol"},{"issue":"5","key":"1417_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"719","DOI":"10.1097\/OPX.0b013e318252cadc","volume":"89","author":"LA Lossing","year":"2012","unstructured":"Lossing LA, Sinnott LT, Kao C-Y, Richdale K, Bailey MD (2012) Measuring changes in ciliary muscle thickness with accommodation in young adults. Optom Vis Sci 89(5):719\u2013726. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/OPX.0b013e318252cadc","journal-title":"Optom Vis Sci"},{"issue":"3","key":"1417_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1554","DOI":"10.1167\/iovs.09-4008","volume":"51","author":"E L\u00fctjen-Drecoll","year":"2010","unstructured":"L\u00fctjen-Drecoll E, Kaufman PL, Wasielewski R, Ting-Li L, Croft MA (2010) Morphology and accommodative function of the vitreous Zonule in human and monkey eyes. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 51(3):1554\u20131564. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1167\/iovs.09-4008","journal-title":"Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci"},{"issue":"3","key":"1417_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"325","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajo.2010.04.018","volume":"150","author":"V Manjunath","year":"2010","unstructured":"Manjunath V, Taha M, Fujimoto JG, Duker JS (2010) Choroidal thickness in normal eyes measured using Cirrus-HD optical coherence tomography. Am J Ophthalmol 150(3):325-329.e1. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ajo.2010.04.018","journal-title":"Am J Ophthalmol"},{"issue":"10","key":"1417_CR43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"6109","DOI":"10.1167\/iovs.11-8702","volume":"53","author":"R Michael","year":"2012","unstructured":"Michael R, Mikielewicz M, Gordillo C, Montenegro GA, Cort\u00e9s LP, Barraquer RI (2012) Elastic properties of human lens zonules as a function of age in presbyopes elasticity of human lens zonules in presbyopia. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 53(10):6109\u20136114. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1167\/iovs.11-8702","journal-title":"Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci"},{"issue":"10","key":"1417_CR44","first-page":"925","volume":"16","author":"RA Moses","year":"1977","unstructured":"Moses RA, Grodzki WJ (1977) The scleral spur and scleral roll. Invest Ophthalmol Visual Sci 16(10):925\u2013931. http:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pubmed\/908645.","journal-title":"Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci"},{"issue":"5","key":"1417_CR45","first-page":"935","volume":"4","author":"RA Moses","year":"1965","unstructured":"Moses RA (1965) Detachment of ciliary body\u2014anatomical and physical considerations. Invest Ophthalmol Visual Sci 4(5):935\u2013941. http:\/\/iovs.arvojournals.org\/article.aspx?articleid=2125283.","journal-title":"Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci"},{"issue":"2","key":"1417_CR46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"277","DOI":"10.1016\/j.exer.2009.11.001","volume":"90","author":"RE Norman","year":"2010","unstructured":"Norman RE, Flanagan JG, Rausch SMK, Sigal IA, Tertinegg I, Eilaghi A, Portnoy S, Sled JG, Ross Ethier C (2010) Dimensions of the human sclera: thickness measurement and regional changes with axial length. Exp Eye Res 90(2):277\u2013284. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.exer.2009.11.001","journal-title":"Exp Eye Res"},{"issue":"2","key":"1417_CR47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1095","DOI":"10.1167\/iovs.12-10619","volume":"54","author":"K Richdale","year":"2013","unstructured":"Richdale K, Sinnott LT, Bullimore MA, Wassenaar PA, Schmalbrock P, Kao C-Y, Patz S, Mutti DO, Glasser A, Zadnik K (2013) Quantification of age-rlated and per diopter accommodative changes of the lens and ciliary muscle in the emmetropic human eye. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 54(2):1095\u20131105. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1167\/iovs.12-10619","journal-title":"Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci"},{"issue":"2","key":"1417_CR48","first-page":"133","volume":"18","author":"JW Rohen","year":"1979","unstructured":"Rohen JW (1979) Scanning electron microscopic studies of the zonular aparatus in human and monkey eyes. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 18(2):133\u2013144. http:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pubmed\/104933.","journal-title":"Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci"},{"issue":"4","key":"1417_CR49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1351","DOI":"10.1364\/BOE.7.001351","volume":"7","author":"M Ruggeri","year":"2016","unstructured":"Ruggeri M, de Freitas C, Williams S, Hernandez VM, Cabot F, Yesilirmak N, Alawa K et al (2016) Quantification of the ciliary muscle and crystalline lens interaction during accommodation with synchronous OCT imaging. Biomed Opt Express 7(4):1351\u20131364. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1364\/BOE.7.001351","journal-title":"Biomed Opt Express"},{"issue":"10","key":"1417_CR50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1304","DOI":"10.1136\/bjo.2006.100347","volume":"90","author":"RA Schachar","year":"2006","unstructured":"Schachar RA, Abolmaali A, Le T (2006) Insights into the age-related decline in the amplitude of accommodation of the human lens using a non-linear finite-element model. Br J Ophthalmol 90(10):1304\u20131309. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/bjo.2006.100347","journal-title":"Br J Ophthalmol"},{"issue":"10","key":"1417_CR51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"6075","DOI":"10.1167\/iovs.15-17452","volume":"56","author":"RA Schachar","year":"2015","unstructured":"Schachar RA (2015) Human accommodative ciliary muscle configuration changes are consistent with Schachar\u2019s mechanism of accommodation. Investigative Opthalmol Visual Sci 56(10):6075. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1167\/iovs.15-17452","journal-title":"Investigative Opthalmol Visual Sci"},{"issue":"11","key":"1417_CR52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2090","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jbiomech.2011.05.020","volume":"44","author":"A Schmitz","year":"2011","unstructured":"Schmitz A, B\u00f6l M (2011) On a phenomenological model for active smooth muscle contraction. J Biomech 44(11):2090\u20132095. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jbiomech.2011.05.020","journal-title":"J Biomech"},{"issue":"3","key":"1417_CR53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"419","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jbiomech.2010.10.002","volume":"44","author":"P Sharif-Kashani","year":"2011","unstructured":"Sharif-Kashani P, Hubschman J-P, Sassoon D, Pirouz Kavehpour H (2011) Rheology of the vitreous gel: effects of macromolecule organization on the viscoelastic properties. J Biomech 44(3):419\u2013423. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jbiomech.2010.10.002","journal-title":"J Biomech"},{"issue":"12","key":"1417_CR54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"6882","DOI":"10.1167\/iovs.10-5787","volume":"51","author":"AL Sheppard","year":"2010","unstructured":"Sheppard AL, Davies LN (2010) In vivo analysis of ciliary muscle morphologic changes with accommodation and axial ametropia. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 51(12):6882\u20136889. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1167\/iovs.10-5787","journal-title":"Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci"},{"key":"1417_CR55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Sherman MA, Seth A, Delp SL (2013) What is a moment arm? Calculating muscle effectiveness in biomechanical models using generalized coordinates. In: Proceedings of the ASME Design Engineering Technical Conferences. ASME Design Engineering Technical Conferences 2013 (August). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1115\/DETC2013-13633.","DOI":"10.1115\/DETC2013-13633"},{"key":"1417_CR56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Stachs Oliver, Heiner Martin, Detlef Behrend, Klaus-Peter Schmitz, Rudolf Guthoff (2006) Three-dimensional ultrasound biomicroscopy, environmental and conventional scanning electron microscopy investigations of the human zonula ciliaris for numerical modelling of accommodation. Graefe\u2019s Arch Clin Exp Ophthalmol (Albrecht Von Graefes Archiv F\u00fcr Klinische Und Experimentelle Ophthalmologie) 244(7):836\u2013844. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00417-005-0126-0.","DOI":"10.1007\/s00417-005-0126-0"},{"issue":"November","key":"1417_CR57","first-page":"8","volume":"46","author":"SA Strenk","year":"2002","unstructured":"Stitzel JD, Duma SM, Cormier JM, Herring IP (2002) A nonlinear finite element model of the eye with experimental validation for the prediction of globe rupture. Stapp Car Crash J 46 (November):81\u2013102. http:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pubmed\/17096220.","journal-title":"Stapp Car Crash J"},{"issue":"6","key":"1417_CR58","first-page":"1162","volume":"40","author":"SA Strenk","year":"1999","unstructured":"Strenk SA, Semmlow JL, Strenk LM, Munoz P, Gronlund-Jacob J, DeMarco JK (1999) Age-related changes in human ciliary muscle and lens: a magnetic resonance imaging study. Investigative Ophthalmol Visual Sci 40(6):1162\u20131169. http:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pubmed\/10235549.","journal-title":"Mech Ageing Dev"},{"issue":"2","key":"1417_CR59","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"209","DOI":"10.1016\/0047-6374(92)90057-K","volume":"62","author":"S Tamm","year":"1992","unstructured":"Tamm S, Tamm E, Rohen JW (1992) Age-related changes of the human ciliary muscle. A quantitative morphometric study. Mech Ageing Dev 62(2):209\u2013221. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/0047-6374(92)90057-K","journal-title":"Mech Ageing Dev"},{"issue":"1","key":"1417_CR60","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"74","DOI":"10.1016\/j.visres.2008.09.028","volume":"49","author":"R Urs","year":"2009","unstructured":"Urs R, Manns F, Ho A, Borja D, Amelinckx A, Smith J, Jain R, Augusteyn R, Parel J-M (2009) Shape of the isolated ex-vivo human crystalline lens. Vision Res 49(1):74\u201383. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.visres.2008.09.028","journal-title":"Vision Res"},{"issue":"7\u20138","key":"1417_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1417","DOI":"10.1016\/0042-6989(91)90061-9","volume":"31","author":"GWHM van Alphen","year":"1991","unstructured":"van Alphen GWHM, Graebel WP (1991) Elasticity of tissues involved in accommodation. Vision Res 31(7\u20138):1417\u20131438. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/0042-6989(91)90061-9","journal-title":"Vision Res"},{"issue":"12","key":"1417_CR61","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1633","DOI":"10.1016\/S0021-9290(96)80017-0","volume":"29","author":"H Wang","year":"1996","unstructured":"Wang H, Prendiville PL, McDonnell PJ, Chang WV (1996) An ultrasonic technique for the measurement of the elastic moduli of human cornea. J Biomech 29(12):1633\u20131636. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/S0021-9290(96)80017-0","journal-title":"J Biomech"},{"issue":"1","key":"1417_CR62","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"16688","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-017-16854-9","volume":"7","author":"K Wang","year":"2017","unstructured":"Wang K, Venetsanos DT, Wang J, Augousti AT, Pierscionek BK (2017) The importance of parameter choice in modelling dynamics of the eye lens. Sci Reports 7(1):16688. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41598-017-16854-9","journal-title":"Sci Reports"},{"issue":"12","key":"1417_CR63","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5495","DOI":"10.1167\/iovs.08-1917","volume":"49","author":"R Wasilewski","year":"2008","unstructured":"Wasilewski R, McDonald JP, Heatley G, L\u00fctjen-Drecoll E, Kaufman PL, Croft MA (2008) Surgical intervention and accommodative responses, II: forward ciliary body accommodative movement is facilitated by zonular attachments to the lens capsule. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 49(12):5495\u20135502. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1167\/iovs.08-1917","journal-title":"Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci"},{"issue":"1\u20132","key":"1417_CR64","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"107","DOI":"10.1016\/0045-7825(96)01035-3","volume":"135","author":"JA Weiss","year":"1996","unstructured":"Weiss JA, Maker BN, Govindjee S (1996) Finite element implementation of incompressible, transversely isotropic hyperelasticity. Comput Methods Appl Mech Eng 135(1\u20132):107\u2013128. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/0045-7825(96)01035-3","journal-title":"Comput Methods Appl Mech Eng"},{"issue":"1","key":"1417_CR65","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"36","DOI":"10.1016\/j.exer.2012.01.011","volume":"97","author":"GS Wilde","year":"2012","unstructured":"Wilde GS, Burd HJ, Judge SJ (2012) Shear modulus data for the human lens determined from a spinning lens test. Exp Eye Res 97(1):36\u201348. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.exer.2012.01.011","journal-title":"Exp Eye Res"},{"issue":"1","key":"1417_CR66","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"25","DOI":"10.1007\/s12572-015-0141-2","volume":"8","author":"RP Wilkes","year":"2016","unstructured":"Wilkes RP, Reilly MA (2016) A pre-tensioned finite element model of ocular accommodation and presbyopia. Int J Adv Eng Sci Appl Math 8(1):25\u201338. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s12572-015-0141-2","journal-title":"Int J Adv Eng Sci Appl Math"},{"issue":"April","key":"1417_CR67","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"194","DOI":"10.1016\/j.exer.2014.02.020","volume":"121","author":"KS Worthington","year":"2014","unstructured":"Worthington KS, Wiley LA, Bartlett AM, Stone EM, Mullins RF, Salem AK, Allan Guymon C, Tucker BA (2014) Mechanical properties of murine and porcine ocular tissues in compression. Exp Eye Res 121:194\u2013199. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.exer.2014.02.020","journal-title":"Exp Eye Res"},{"issue":"4","key":"1417_CR68","first-page":"359","volume":"17","author":"FE Zajac","year":"2014","unstructured":"Zajac FE (1989) Muscle and tendon: properties, models, scaling, and application to biomechanics and motor control. Critic Rev Biomed Eng 17(4):359\u2013411. http:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pubmed\/2676342.","journal-title":"Critic Rev Biomed Eng"}],"container-title":["Biomechanics and Modeling in Mechanobiology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s10237-021-01417-9.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s10237-021-01417-9\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s10237-021-01417-9.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2021,5,26]],"date-time":"2021-05-26T17:09:43Z","timestamp":1622048983000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s10237-021-01417-9"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2021,1,25]]},"references-count":68,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,6]]}},"alternative-id":["1417"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10237-021-01417-9","relation":{},"ISSN":["1617-7959","1617-7940"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1617-7959","type":"print"},{"value":"1617-7940","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2021,1,25]]},"assertion":[{"value":"4 February 2020","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"4 January 2021","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"25 January 2021","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}}]}}