{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,28]],"date-time":"2026-09-28T22:12:54Z","timestamp":1790633574750,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":43,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,15]],"date-time":"2023-01-15T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1673740800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,15]],"date-time":"2023-01-15T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1673740800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100005187","name":"University of Athens","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100005187","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Clin Exp Med"],"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>Autoimmune thyroid disease (AITD) is the most common adverse effect in alemtuzumab (ALZ)\u00a0treated relapsing\u2013remitting (RR) multiple sclerosis (MS) patients<jats:bold>.<\/jats:bold> The objective of this prospective study was to analyze the occurrence, timing of onset, clinical course, and laboratory characteristics of AITD post-ALZ. We evaluated 35 RRMS patients treated with ALZ at a single academic MS center; clinical and laboratory data were collected before ALZ initiation and thereafter quarterly on follow-up with a median of 43.5\u00a0months. Seventeen out of 31 patients (54.8%) with no prior history of thyroid dysfunction developed AITD with a mean onset of 19.4\u00a0months\u2009\u00b1\u200910.2 (SD) after the first ALZ cycle; Graves\u2019 disease (GD) (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20099); hypothyroidism with positive stimulating thyrotropin receptor antibodies (TRAb) (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20091); Hashimoto thyroiditis (HT) (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20096); HT with hypothyroidism (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20091). Interestingly, seven of nine (77.7%) GD patients showed a fluctuating course. Three out of four patients with preexisting thyroid disease remained stable, whereas one with prior HT and hypothyroidism developed fluctuating GD. All patients with GD commenced antithyroid drugs (ATDs); five continued on \u201cblock and replace\u201d treatment; one required radioactive iodine, and one total thyroidectomy. Our analysis showed earlier onset of ALZ-induced AITD in comparison to most other ALZ cohorts; overall, these patients required complex therapeutic approaches of the AITD. We observed a higher rate of fluctuating GD, with earlier onset and lower remission rate than previously reported, which in the majority of patients required prolonged \u201cblock and replace\u201d therapy in the minimum dose of each therapeutic agent or more definitive interventions.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1007\/s10238-022-00981-3","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,15]],"date-time":"2023-01-15T08:02:26Z","timestamp":1673769746000},"page":"2885-2894","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":14,"title":["Thyroid autoimmunity following alemtuzumab treatment in multiple sclerosis patients: a prospective study"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"23","author":[{"given":"Paraskevi","family":"Kazakou","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dimitrios","family":"Tzanetakos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Aigli G.","family":"Vakrakou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"John S.","family":"Tzartos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"\u039caria-Eleptheria","family":"Evangelopoulos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Maria","family":"Anagnostouli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Panos","family":"Stathopoulos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Georgia N.","family":"Kassi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Leonidas","family":"Stefanis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Constantinos","family":"Kilidireas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Evangelia","family":"Zapanti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,15]]},"reference":[{"key":"981_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"33","DOI":"10.1007\/s40263-016-0394-8","volume":"31","author":"T Berger","year":"2017","unstructured":"Berger T, Elovaara I, Fredrikson S, et al. Alemtuzumab use in clinical practice: recommendations from European multiple sclerosis experts. CNS Drugs. 2017;31:33\u201350. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s40263-016-0394-8.","journal-title":"CNS Drugs"},{"key":"981_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"98","DOI":"10.1007\/s00415-005-0934-5","volume":"253","author":"AJ Coles","year":"2006","unstructured":"Coles AJ, Cox A, Le Page E, et al. The window of therapeutic opportunity in multiple sclerosis: evidence from monoclonal antibody therapy. J Neurol. 2006;253:98\u2013108. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00415-005-0934-5.","journal-title":"J Neurol"},{"key":"981_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"16414","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms160716414","volume":"16","author":"T Ruck","year":"2015","unstructured":"Ruck T, Bittner S, Wiendl H, Meuth SG. Alemtuzumab in multiple sclerosis: mechanism of action and beyond. Int J Mol Sci. 2015;16:16414\u201339. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/ijms160716414.","journal-title":"Int J Mol Sci"},{"key":"981_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"55","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2265.1995.tb01894.x","volume":"43","author":"MPJ Vanderpump","year":"1995","unstructured":"Vanderpump MPJ, Tunbridge WMG, French JM, et al. The incidence of thyroid disorders in the community: a twenty-year follow-up of the Whickham Survey. Clin Endocrinol. 1995;43:55\u201368. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/j.1365-2265.1995.tb01894.x.","journal-title":"Clin Endocrinol"},{"key":"981_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"489","DOI":"10.1210\/jcem.87.2.8182","volume":"87","author":"JG Hollowell","year":"2002","unstructured":"Hollowell JG, Staehling NW, Dana Flanders W, et al. Serum TSH, T4, and thyroid antibodies in the United States population (1988 to 1994): national health and nutrition examination survey (NHANES III). J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2002;87:489\u201399. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1210\/jcem.87.2.8182.","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"key":"981_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"167","DOI":"10.1159\/000490384","volume":"7","author":"GJ Kahaly","year":"2018","unstructured":"Kahaly GJ, Bartalena L, Heged\u00fcs L, et al. 2018 European thyroid association guideline for the management of graves\u2019 hyperthyroidism. Eur Thyroid J. 2018;7:167\u201386. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1159\/000490384.","journal-title":"Eur Thyroid J"},{"key":"981_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3010","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2018-00359","volume":"103","author":"N Pariani","year":"2018","unstructured":"Pariani N, Willis M, Muller I, et al. Alemtuzumab-induced thyroid dysfunction exhibits distinctive clinical and immunological features. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2018;103:3010\u20138. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1210\/jc.2018-00359.","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"key":"981_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"208","DOI":"10.1136\/jnnp-2014-307721","volume":"86","author":"O Tuohy","year":"2015","unstructured":"Tuohy O, Costelloe L, Hill-Cawthorne G, et al. Alemtuzumab treatment of multiple sclerosis: long-term safety and efficacy. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry. 2015;86:208\u201315. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/jnnp-2014-307721.","journal-title":"J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry"},{"key":"981_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"205873841984369","DOI":"10.1177\/2058738419843690","volume":"33","author":"A Alamo","year":"2019","unstructured":"Alamo A, Condorelli RA, La VS. Calogero AE Autoimmune thyroid disease following treatment with alemtuzumab for multiple sclerosis. Int J Immunopathol Pharmacol. 2019;33:2058738419843690. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/2058738419843690.","journal-title":"Int J Immunopathol Pharmacol"},{"key":"981_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1107","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.0000000000004313","volume":"89","author":"E Havrdova","year":"2017","unstructured":"Havrdova E, Arnold DL, Cohen JA, et al. Alemtuzumab CARE-MS I 5-year follow-up. Neurology. 2017;89:1107\u201316. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1212\/WNL.0000000000004313.","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"key":"981_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"219","DOI":"10.1007\/s40618-019-01105-7","volume":"43","author":"L Scappaticcio","year":"2020","unstructured":"Scappaticcio L, Castellana M, Virili C, et al. Alemtuzumab-induced thyroid events in multiple sclerosis: a systematic review and meta-analysis. J Endocrinol Invest. 2020;43:219\u201329. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s40618-019-01105-7.","journal-title":"J Endocrinol Invest"},{"key":"981_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"80","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2013-2201","volume":"99","author":"GH Daniels","year":"2014","unstructured":"Daniels GH, Vladic A, Brinar V, et al. Alemtuzumab-related thyroid dysfunction in a phase 2 trial of patients with relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2014;99:80\u20139. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1210\/jc.2013-2201.","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"key":"981_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"173","DOI":"10.1159\/000500881","volume":"8","author":"I Muller","year":"2019","unstructured":"Muller I, Moran C, Lecumberri B, et al. 2019 European thyroid association guidelines on the management of thyroid dysfunction following immune reconstitution therapy. Eur Thyroid J. 2019;8:173\u201385. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1159\/000500881.","journal-title":"Eur Thyroid J"},{"key":"981_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/cen.14616","author":"J Manso","year":"2021","unstructured":"Manso J, Zhu YH, Margoni M, et al. Alemtuzumab-induced autoimmune thyroid events in patients with relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis: a real-life and monocentric experience at a tertiary-level centre. Clin Endocrinol. 2021. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/cen.14616.","journal-title":"Clin Endocrinol"},{"issue":"2","key":"981_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"205521732093392","DOI":"10.1177\/2055217320933928","volume":"6","author":"SM Yap","year":"2020","unstructured":"Yap SM, Dillon M, Crowley RK, McGuigan C. Alemtuzumab-related thyroid disease in people with multiple sclerosis is associated with age and brainstem phenotype at disease onset. Mult Scler J Exp Transl Clin. 2020;6(2):2055217320933928. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/2055217320933928.","journal-title":"Mult Scler J Exp Transl Clin."},{"key":"981_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1682","DOI":"10.1089\/thy.2018.0232","volume":"28","author":"I Muller","year":"2018","unstructured":"Muller I, Willis M, Healy S, et al. Longitudinal characterization of autoantibodies to the thyrotropin receptor during alemtuzumab THERAPY: evidence that the thyrotropin receptor may precede thyroid dysfunction by many years. Thyroid. 2018;28:1682\u201393. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1089\/thy.2018.0232.","journal-title":"Thyroid"},{"key":"981_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"573","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.0b013e318228bec5","volume":"77","author":"M Cossburn","year":"2011","unstructured":"Cossburn M, Pace AA, Jones J, et al. Autoimmune disease after alemtuzumab treatment for multiple sclerosis in a multicenter cohort. Neurology. 2011;77:573\u20139. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1212\/WNL.0b013e318228bec5.","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"key":"981_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"153","DOI":"10.1007\/s13760-018-0883-2","volume":"118","author":"B Decallonne","year":"2018","unstructured":"Decallonne B, Bartholom\u00e9 E, Delvaux V, et al. Thyroid disorders in alemtuzumab-treated multiple sclerosis patients: a Belgian consensus on diagnosis and management. Acta Neurol Belg. 2018;118:153\u20139. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s13760-018-0883-2.","journal-title":"Acta Neurol Belg"},{"key":"981_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"381","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ebiom.2019.07.062","volume":"46","author":"T Ruck","year":"2019","unstructured":"Ruck T, Schulte-Mecklenbeck A, Pfeuffer S, et al. Pretreatment anti-thyroid autoantibodies indicate increased risk for thyroid autoimmunity secondary to Alemtuzumab: a prospective cohort study. EBioMedicine. 2019;46:381\u20136. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ebiom.2019.07.062.","journal-title":"EBioMedicine"},{"issue":"1","key":"981_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1186\/s12883-018-1183-4","volume":"18","author":"AG Vakrakou","year":"2018","unstructured":"Vakrakou AG, Tzanetakos D, Valsami S, et al. A case of Alemtuzumab-induced neutropenia in multiple sclerosis in association with the expansion of large granular lymphocytes. BMC Neurol. 2018;18(1):1\u20136. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12883-018-1183-4.","journal-title":"BMC Neurol"},{"key":"981_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1212\/NXI.0000000000000711","author":"JS Tzartos","year":"2020","unstructured":"Tzartos JS, Valsami S, Tzanetakos D, et al. Autoimmune hemolytic anemia, demyelinating relapse, and AQP1 antibodies after alemtuzumab infusion. Neurol Neuroimmunol Neuroinflamm. 2020. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1212\/NXI.0000000000000711.","journal-title":"Neurol Neuroimmunol Neuroinflamm"},{"key":"981_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"693","DOI":"10.1016\/j.beem.2009.07.003","volume":"23","author":"A Weetman","year":"2009","unstructured":"Weetman A. Immune reconstitution syndrome and the thyroid. Best Pract Res Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2009;23:693\u2013702. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.beem.2009.07.003.","journal-title":"Best Pract Res Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"key":"981_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.3389\/fendo.2017.00254","volume":"8","author":"M Rotondi","year":"2017","unstructured":"Rotondi M, Molteni M, Leporati P, et al. Autoimmune thyroid diseases in patients treated with alemtuzumab for multiple sclerosis: an example of selective anti-TSH-receptor immune response. Front Endocrinol. 2017;8:1\u20137. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fendo.2017.00254.","journal-title":"Front Endocrinol"},{"key":"981_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"20200","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1313654110","volume":"110","author":"JL Jones","year":"2013","unstructured":"Jones JL, Thompson SAJ, Loh P, et al. Human autoimmunity after lymphocyte depletion is caused by homeostatic T-cell proliferation. Proc Natl Acad Sci. 2013;110:20200\u20135. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1073\/pnas.1313654110.","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci"},{"key":"981_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2021.686466","volume":"12","author":"C Zografou","year":"2021","unstructured":"Zografou C, Vakrakou AG, Stathopoulos P. Short-and long-lived autoantibody-secreting cells in autoimmune neurological disorders. Front Immunol. 2021;12:1\u201321. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fimmu.2021.686466.","journal-title":"Front Immunol"},{"key":"981_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"577759","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jneuroim.2021.577759","volume":"361","author":"AG Vakrakou","year":"2021","unstructured":"Vakrakou AG, Tzanetakos D, Evangelopoulos ME, et al. IgG4-related autoimmune manifestations in Alemtuzumab-treated multiple sclerosis patients. J Neuroimmunol. 2021;361:577759. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jneuroim.2021.577759.","journal-title":"J Neuroimmunol"},{"key":"981_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM199607113350206","author":"C Olin","year":"1996","unstructured":"Olin C, Ayan MD, Aniels HD. Review articles medical progress chronic autoimmune thyroiditis. N Engl J Med. 1996. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1056\/NEJM199607113350206.","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"981_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"988","DOI":"10.4158\/ep12280.gl","volume":"18","author":"JR Garber","year":"2012","unstructured":"Garber JR, Cobin RH, Gharib H, et al. Clinical practice guidelines for hypothyroidism in adults: cosponsored by the American association of clinical endocrinologists and the American thyroid association. Endocr Pract. 2012;18:988\u20131028. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4158\/ep12280.gl.","journal-title":"Endocr Pract"},{"key":"981_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"387","DOI":"10.1530\/eje.1.02230","volume":"155","author":"WM Wiersinga","year":"2006","unstructured":"Wiersinga WM, Perros P, Kahaly GJ, et al. Clinical assessment of patients with Graves\u2019 orbitopathy: the European group on graves\u2019 orbitopathy recommendations to generalists, specialists and clinical researchers. Eur J Endocrinol. 2006;155:387\u20139. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1530\/eje.1.02230.","journal-title":"Eur J Endocrinol"},{"key":"981_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"842","DOI":"10.1177\/13524585211061335","volume":"28","author":"AJ Coles","year":"2022","unstructured":"Coles AJ, Jones JL, Vermersch P, et al. Autoimmunity and long-term safety and efficacy of alemtuzumab for multiple sclerosis: benefit\/risk following review of trial and post-marketing data. Mult Scler J. 2022;28:842\u20136. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/13524585211061335.","journal-title":"Mult Scler J"},{"key":"981_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1212\/NXI.0000000000000868","author":"E Meltzer","year":"2020","unstructured":"Meltzer E, Campbell S, Ehrenfeld B, et al. Mitigating alemtuzumab-associated autoimmunity in MS: a \u201cwhack-a-mole\u201d B-cell depletion strategy. Neurol Neuroimmunol Neuroinflamm. 2020. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1212\/NXI.0000000000000868.","journal-title":"Neurol Neuroimmunol Neuroinflamm"},{"key":"981_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1829","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(12)61768-1","volume":"380","author":"AJ Coles","year":"2012","unstructured":"Coles AJ, Twyman CL, Arnold DL, et al. Alemtuzumab for patients with relapsing multiple sclerosis after disease-modifying therapy: a randomised controlled phase 3 trial. Lancet. 2012;380:1829\u201339. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/S0140-6736(12)61768-1.","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"981_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"629","DOI":"10.1111\/cen.12427","volume":"80","author":"AP Weetman","year":"2014","unstructured":"Weetman AP. Graves\u2019 disease following immune reconstitution or immunomodulatory treatment: should we manage it any differently? Clin Endocrinol. 2014;80:629\u201332. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/cen.12427.","journal-title":"Clin Endocrinol"},{"key":"981_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/14651858.cd003420.pub4","author":"P Abraham","year":"2010","unstructured":"Abraham P, Avenell A, McGeoch SC, et al. Antithyroid drug regimen for treating graves\u2019 hyperthyroidism. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2010. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/14651858.cd003420.pub4.","journal-title":"Cochrane Database Syst Rev"},{"key":"981_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"14","DOI":"10.1089\/thy.2012.0374","volume":"23","author":"SM McLachlan","year":"2013","unstructured":"McLachlan SM, Rapoport B. Thyrotropin-blocking autoantibodies and thyroid-stimulating autoantibodies: potential mechanisms involved in the pendulum swinging from hypothyroidism to hyperthyroidism or vice versa. Thyroid. 2013;23:14\u201324. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1089\/thy.2012.0374.","journal-title":"Thyroid"},{"key":"981_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1136\/jnnp-2020-325304","volume":"92","author":"S Pfeuffer","year":"2021","unstructured":"Pfeuffer S, Ruck T, Pul R, et al. Impact of previous disease-modifying treatment on effectiveness and safety outcomes, among patients with multiple sclerosis treated with alemtuzumab. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry. 2021;92:1\u20137. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/jnnp-2020-325304.","journal-title":"J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry"},{"key":"981_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1210\/jendso\/bvab044","volume":"5","author":"SS Hammerstad","year":"2021","unstructured":"Hammerstad SS, Celius EG, Husby H, et al. Management of severe graves\u2019 hyperthyroidism in pregnancy following immune reconstitution therapy in multiple sclerosis. J Endocr Soc. 2021;5:1\u20137. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1210\/jendso\/bvab044.","journal-title":"J Endocr Soc"},{"key":"981_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3624","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2018-02435","volume":"104","author":"A Garrahy","year":"2019","unstructured":"Garrahy A, Murphy NP, Byrne MM. Letter to the editor: \u201calemtuzumab-induced thyroid dysfunction exhibits distinctive clinical and immunological features.\u201d J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2019;104:3624\u20135. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1210\/jc.2018-02435.","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"key":"981_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3626","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2018-02593","volume":"104","author":"R Thakar","year":"2019","unstructured":"Thakar R, Gajewska-Knapik K, Ogilvy-Stuart AL, et al. Response to letter to the editor: \u201calemtuzumab-induced thyroid dysfunction exhibits distinctive clinical and immunological features.\u201d J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2019;104:3626\u20137. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1210\/jc.2018-02593.","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"key":"981_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"238","DOI":"10.1016\/S2213-8587(13)70086-X","volume":"1","author":"DS Cooper","year":"2013","unstructured":"Cooper DS, Laurberg P. Hyperthyroidism in pregnancy. Lancet Diabetes Endocrinol. 2013;1:238\u201349. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/S2213-8587(13)70086-X.","journal-title":"Lancet Diabetes Endocrinol"},{"key":"981_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"E341","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0039-1694035","volume":"9","author":"Y Cui","year":"2019","unstructured":"Cui Y, Rijhsinghani A. Role of maternal thyroid-stimulating immunoglobulin in graves\u2019 disease for predicting perinatal thyroid dysfunction. AJP Rep. 2019;9:E341\u20135. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1055\/s-0039-1694035.","journal-title":"AJP Rep"},{"key":"981_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"311","DOI":"10.1038\/nrendo.2010.46","volume":"6","author":"AP Weetman","year":"2010","unstructured":"Weetman AP. Immunity, thyroid function and pregnancy: molecular mechanisms. Nat Rev Endocrinol. 2010;6:311\u20138. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/nrendo.2010.46.","journal-title":"Nat Rev Endocrinol"},{"key":"981_CR43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e00081","DOI":"10.1016\/j.crwh.2018.e00081","volume":"20","author":"P Kazakou","year":"2018","unstructured":"Kazakou P, Theodora M, Kanaka-Gantenbein C, et al. Fetal hyperthyroidism associated with maternal thyroid autoantibodies: a case report. Case Rep Women\u2019s Heal. 2018;20:e00081. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.crwh.2018.e00081.","journal-title":"Case Rep Women\u2019s Heal"}],"container-title":["Clinical and Experimental Medicine"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s10238-022-00981-3.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s10238-022-00981-3\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s10238-022-00981-3.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,30]],"date-time":"2023-09-30T17:09:21Z","timestamp":1696093761000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s10238-022-00981-3"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,15]]},"references-count":43,"journal-issue":{"issue":"6","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,10]]}},"alternative-id":["981"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10238-022-00981-3","relation":{},"ISSN":["1591-9528"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1591-9528","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,15]]},"assertion":[{"value":"4 October 2022","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"20 December 2022","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"15 January 2023","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"Financial interests: PK, AGV, GNK, and EZ have no financial interests to disclose. DT has received travel grants and consulting fees from Roche, Teva, Sanofi-Genzyme, Novartis, and Genesis Pharm. JST has received travel grants and fees for advisory boards from Sanofi-Genzyme, Genesis Pharma, Teva, and Novartis. M-E E has received travel grants and consulting fees from Biogen, Roche, Teva, Genzyme, and Merk. MA has served on scientific advisory boards, has been travel funded by a commercial entity; has received honoraria for speaking engagements and commercial research support from Biogen, Novartis, Sanofi, Teva, Merk-Serono, and Roche. PS has received travel grants from Sanofi and Roche, consulting fees from Imcyse, and support and research funding by the Onassis Foundation. LS is the site investigator in the trials MUSETTE (BN42082) and GAVOTTE (BN42083), sponsored by F. Hoffmann La-Roche Ltd. CK has received grants and honoraria from Bayer, Biogen, Genesis Pharma, Merck-Serono, Novartis, Sanofi-Genzyme, and Teva. Non-financial interests: none.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Conflict of interests"}},{"value":"Written approval has been obtained from the ethics committee of Eginition Hospital and Alexandra Hospital. Informed written consent to participate was obtained by all participants.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethical approval and consent to participate"}}]}}