{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,24]],"date-time":"2026-10-24T12:21:01Z","timestamp":1792844461481,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":23,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,7,11]],"date-time":"2023-07-11T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1689033600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springernature.com\/gp\/researchers\/text-and-data-mining"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,7,11]],"date-time":"2023-07-11T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1689033600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springernature.com\/gp\/researchers\/text-and-data-mining"}],"funder":[{"name":"Scientific Research Fund Project of Hunan University of Chinese Medicine","award":["2022XYLH004"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2022XYLH004"]}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004761","name":"Natural Science Foundation of\u00a0Hunan Province","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["2023JJ30847"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2023JJ30847"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004761","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Clin Exp Med"],"DOI":"10.1007\/s10238-023-01135-9","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,7,11]],"date-time":"2023-07-11T13:01:36Z","timestamp":1689080496000},"page":"3581-3587","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":15,"title":["Clinical characteristics, diagnosis and management of Sweet syndrome induced by azathioprine"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"23","author":[{"given":"Zhiqiang","family":"Fan","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yang","family":"He","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wei","family":"Sun","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zuojun","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chao","family":"Ye","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chunjiang","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,7,11]]},"reference":[{"key":"1135_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"34","DOI":"10.1186\/1750-1172-2-34","volume":"2","author":"PR Cohen","year":"2007","unstructured":"Cohen PR. Sweet\u2019s syndrome\u2013a comprehensive review of an acute febrile neutrophilic dermatosis. Orphanet J Rare Dis. 2007;2:34.","journal-title":"Orphanet J Rare Dis"},{"key":"1135_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"414","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2019.00414","volume":"10","author":"MS Heath","year":"2019","unstructured":"Heath MS, Ortega-Loayza AG. Insights into the pathogenesis of sweet\u2019s syndrome. Front Immunol. 2019;10:414.","journal-title":"Front Immunol"},{"issue":"4","key":"1135_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"557","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2013.06.023","volume":"69","author":"NM Rochet","year":"2013","unstructured":"Rochet NM, Chavan RN, Cappel MA, Wada DA, Gibson LE. Sweet syndrome: clinical presentation, associations, and response to treatment in 77 patients. J Am Acad Dermatol. 2013;69(4):557\u201364.","journal-title":"J Am Acad Dermatol"},{"issue":"3","key":"1135_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"369","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2005.07.059","volume":"55","author":"AA Patel","year":"2006","unstructured":"Patel AA, Swerlick RA, McCall CO. Azathioprine in dermatology: the past, the present, and the future. J Am Acad Dermatol. 2006;55(3):369\u201389.","journal-title":"J Am Acad Dermatol"},{"issue":"1","key":"1135_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"80","DOI":"10.1097\/MPG.0000000000001563","volume":"65","author":"MA Sheiko","year":"2017","unstructured":"Sheiko MA, Sundaram SS, Capocelli KE, Pan Z, McCoy AM, Mack CL. Outcomes in pediatric autoimmune hepatitis and significance of azathioprine metabolites. J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr. 2017;65(1):80\u20135.","journal-title":"J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr"},{"issue":"7 Suppl","key":"1135_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"S1","DOI":"10.4103\/sjg.SJG_159_18","volume":"24","author":"AA Aljumah","year":"2018","unstructured":"Aljumah AA, Al Jarallah B, Albenmousa A, et al. The Saudi association for the study of liver diseases and transplantation clinical practice guidelines for management of autoimmune hepatitis. Saudi J Gastroenterol. 2018;24(7 Suppl):S1\u201320.","journal-title":"Saudi J Gastroenterol"},{"issue":"10","key":"1135_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2138","DOI":"10.1002\/ibd.21612","volume":"17","author":"L Riello","year":"2011","unstructured":"Riello L, Talbotec C, Garnier-Lenglin\u00e9 H, et al. Tolerance and efficacy of azathioprine in pediatric Crohn\u2019s disease. Inflamm Bowel Dis. 2011;17(10):2138\u201343.","journal-title":"Inflamm Bowel Dis"},{"issue":"1","key":"1135_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"184","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2010.04.041","volume":"65","author":"JJ Bidinger","year":"2011","unstructured":"Bidinger JJ, Sky K, Battafarano DF, Henning JS. The cutaneous and systemic manifestations of azathioprine hypersensitivity syndrome. J Am Acad Dermatol. 2011;65(1):184\u201391.","journal-title":"J Am Acad Dermatol"},{"issue":"4","key":"1135_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"267","DOI":"10.1111\/1346-8138.12081","volume":"40","author":"C Choonhakarn","year":"2013","unstructured":"Choonhakarn C, Chaowattanapanit S. Azathioprine-induced Sweet\u2019s syndrome and published work review. J Dermatol. 2013;40(4):267\u201371.","journal-title":"J Dermatol"},{"key":"1135_CR10","first-page":"A1025","volume":"112","author":"M Lemann","year":"1997","unstructured":"Lemann M, Bouhnek Y, Kmieciak-Le Corguille M, et al. Treatment of Crohn\u2019s disease with 6-mercaptopurine in patients intolerant to azathioprine. Gastroenterology. 1997;112:A1025.","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"issue":"4","key":"1135_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"567","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.leu.2401723","volume":"14","author":"HL McLeod","year":"2000","unstructured":"McLeod HL, Krynetski EY, Relling MV, Evans WE. Genetic polymorphism of thiopurine methyltransferase and its clinical relevance for childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia. Leukemia. 2000;14(4):567\u201372.","journal-title":"Leukemia"},{"issue":"5","key":"1135_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"700","DOI":"10.1097\/00054725-200409000-00034","volume":"10","author":"JM Mayo","year":"2004","unstructured":"Mayo JM, Colmenarejo MB, Vaquerizo PJ, Gutierrez MV. Hypersensitivity reaction to azathioprine in a patient with ulcerative colitis. Inflamm Bowel Dis. 2004;10(5):700.","journal-title":"Inflamm Bowel Dis"},{"issue":"5","key":"1135_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"592","DOI":"10.1001\/jamadermatol.2013.137","volume":"149","author":"N Cyrus","year":"2013","unstructured":"Cyrus N, Stavert R, Mason AR, Ko CJ, Choi JN. Neutrophilic dermatosis after azathioprine exposure. JAMA Dermatol. 2013;149(5):592\u20137.","journal-title":"JAMA Dermatol"},{"issue":"4","key":"1135_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"353","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2230.1995.tb01343.x","volume":"20","author":"SR Knowles","year":"1995","unstructured":"Knowles SR, Gupta AK, Shear NH, Sauder D. Azathioprine hypersensitivity-like reactions-a case report and a review of the literature. Clin Exp Dermatol. 1995;20(4):353\u20136.","journal-title":"Clin Exp Dermatol"},{"issue":"2\u20133","key":"1135_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"195","DOI":"10.1159\/000088466","volume":"72","author":"H Ytting","year":"2005","unstructured":"Ytting H, Vind I, Bang D, Munkholm P. Sweet\u2019s syndrome\u2013an extraintestinal manifestation in inflammatory bowel disease. Digestion. 2005;72(2\u20133):195\u2013200.","journal-title":"Digestion"},{"issue":"5","key":"1135_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1121","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1572-0241.2005.41598.x","volume":"100","author":"JS Bajaj","year":"2005","unstructured":"Bajaj JS, Saeian K, Varma RR, et al. Increased rates of early adverse reaction to azathioprine in patients with Crohn\u2019s disease compared to autoimmune hepatitis: a tertiary referral center experience. Am J Gastroenterol. 2005;100(5):1121\u20135.","journal-title":"Am J Gastroenterol"},{"issue":"4","key":"1135_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"293","DOI":"10.1159\/000371879","volume":"230","author":"L Imhof","year":"2015","unstructured":"Imhof L, Meier B, Frei P, et al. Severe sweet\u2019s syndrome with elevated cutaneous interleukin-1\u03b2 after azathioprine exposure: case report and review of the literature. Dermatology. 2015;230(4):293\u20138.","journal-title":"Dermatology"},{"issue":"5","key":"1135_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"763","DOI":"10.1111\/1523-1747.ep12292156","volume":"108","author":"I Strickland","year":"1997","unstructured":"Strickland I, Rhodes LE, Flanagan BF, Friedmann PS. TNF-alpha and IL-8 are upregulated in the epidermis of normal human skin after UVB exposure: correlation with neutrophil accumulation and E-selectin expression. J Invest Dermatol. 1997;108(5):763\u20138.","journal-title":"J Invest Dermatol"},{"issue":"3","key":"1135_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"675","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2133.2003.05487.x","volume":"149","author":"H Belhadjali","year":"2003","unstructured":"Belhadjali H, Marguery MC, Lamant L, Giordano-Labadie F, Bazex J. Photosensitivity in Sweet\u2019s syndrome: two cases that were photoinduced and photoaggravated. Br J Dermatol. 2003;149(3):675\u20137.","journal-title":"Br J Dermatol"},{"issue":"3","key":"1135_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"181","DOI":"10.1097\/00008571-200403000-00006","volume":"14","author":"AM Marinaki","year":"2004","unstructured":"Marinaki AM, Ansari A, Duley JA, et al. Adverse drug reactions to azathioprine therapy are associated with polymorphism in the gene encoding inosine triphosphate pyrophosphatase (ITPase). Pharmacogenetics. 2004;14(3):181\u20137.","journal-title":"Pharmacogenetics"},{"key":"1135_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"265","DOI":"10.1016\/S0738-081X(99)00129-7","volume":"18","author":"PR Cohen","year":"2000","unstructured":"Cohen PR, Kurzrock R. Sweet\u2019s syndrome: a neutrophilic dermatosis classically associated with acute onset and fever. Clin Dermatol. 2000;18:265\u201382.","journal-title":"Clin Dermatol"},{"issue":"5 Pt 2","key":"1135_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"918","DOI":"10.1016\/S0190-9622(96)90080-8","volume":"34","author":"DC Walker","year":"1996","unstructured":"Walker DC, Cohen PR. Trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole-associated acute febrile neutrophilic dermatosis: case report and review of drug-induced Sweet\u2019s syndrome. J Am Acad Dermatol. 1996;34(5 Pt 2):918\u201323.","journal-title":"J Am Acad Dermatol"},{"key":"1135_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"149","DOI":"10.1016\/0738-081X(93)90112-P","volume":"11","author":"PR Cohen","year":"1993","unstructured":"Cohen PR, Kurzrock R. Sweet\u2019s syndrome and cancer. Clin Dermatol. 1993;11:149\u201357.","journal-title":"Clin Dermatol"}],"container-title":["Clinical and Experimental Medicine"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s10238-023-01135-9.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s10238-023-01135-9\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s10238-023-01135-9.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,31]],"date-time":"2023-10-31T20:27:58Z","timestamp":1698784078000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s10238-023-01135-9"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2023,7,11]]},"references-count":23,"journal-issue":{"issue":"7","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,11]]}},"alternative-id":["1135"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10238-023-01135-9","relation":{},"ISSN":["1591-9528"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1591-9528","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2023,7,11]]},"assertion":[{"value":"23 May 2023","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"29 June 2023","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"11 July 2023","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"The authors declare no conflict of interest.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Conflict of interest"}},{"value":"This study did not require an ethical board approval because the study was a retrospective study and did not involve sensitive personal information.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethical approval"}}]}}