{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,29]],"date-time":"2026-08-29T03:08:25Z","timestamp":1787972905764,"version":"build-2784847793"},"reference-count":41,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,3,30]],"date-time":"2024-03-30T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1711756800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,3,30]],"date-time":"2024-03-30T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1711756800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"funder":[{"name":"Universit\u00e4tsklinikum Bonn"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Clin Exp Med"],"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>To report results of interventional treatment of refractory non-traumatic abdomino-thoracic chylous effusions in patients with lymphoproliferative disorders. 17 patients (10 male; mean age 66.7 years) with lymphoproliferative disorders suffered from non-traumatic chylous effusions (chylothorax n\u2009=\u200911, chylous ascites n\u2009=\u20093, combined abdomino-thoracic effusion n\u2009=\u20093) refractory to chemotherapy and conservative therapy. All underwent x-ray lymphangiography with iodized-oil to evaluate for and at the same time treat lymphatic abnormalities (leakage, chylo-lymphatic reflux with\/without obstruction of central drainage). In patients with identifiable active leakage additional lymph-vessel embolization was performed. Resolution of effusions was deemed as clinical success. Lymphangiography showed reflux in 8\/17 (47%), leakage in 2\/17 (11.8%), combined leakage and reflux in 3\/17 (17.6%), lymphatic obstruction in 2\/17 (11.8%) and normal findings in 2\/17 cases (11.8%). 12\/17 patients (70.6%) were treated by lymphangiography alone; 5\/17 (29.4%) with leakage received additional embolization (all technically successful). Effusions resolved in 15\/17 cases (88.2%); 10\/12 (83.3%) resolved after lymphangiography alone and in 5\/5 patients (100%) after embolization. Time-to-resolution of leakage was significantly shorter after embolization (within one day in all cases) than lymphangiography (median 9 [range 4\u201330] days; <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.001). There was no recurrence of symptoms or post-interventional complications during follow-up (median 445 [40\u20131555] days). Interventional-radiological treatment of refractory, non-traumatic lymphoma-induced chylous effusions is safe and effective. Lymphangiography identifies lymphatic abnormalities in the majority of patients and leads to resolution of effusions in\u2009&gt;\u200980% of cases. Active leakage is found in only a third of patients and can be managed by additional embolization.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1007\/s10238-024-01312-4","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,3,30]],"date-time":"2024-03-30T06:01:52Z","timestamp":1711778512000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["Interventional treatment of refractory non-traumatic chylous effusions in patients with lymphoproliferative disorders"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"24","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8530-3523","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Julia","family":"Wagenpfeil","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Katharina","family":"Ho\u00df","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Andreas","family":"Henkel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Daniel","family":"K\u00fctting","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Julian Alexander","family":"Luetkens","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Georg","family":"Feldmann","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Peter","family":"Brossart","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ulrike Irmgard","family":"Attenberger","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Claus Christian","family":"Pieper","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,3,30]]},"reference":[{"key":"1312_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"579","DOI":"10.1007\/s12185-022-03397-7","volume":"116","author":"A Fukumoto","year":"2022","unstructured":"Fukumoto A, Terao T, Kuzume A, Tabata R, Tsushima T, Miura D, Ikeda D, Kamura Y, Narita K, Takeuchi M, Matsue K. Management of lymphoma-associated chylothorax by interventional radiology and chemotherapy: a report of five cases. Int J Hematol. 2022;116:579\u201385. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s12185-022-03397-7.","journal-title":"Int J Hematol"},{"key":"1312_CR2","first-page":"700","volume":"55","author":"BA Staats","year":"1980","unstructured":"Staats BA, Ellefson RD, Budahn LL, Dines DE, Prakash UB, Offord K. The lipoprotein profile of chylous and nonchylous pleural effusions. Mayo Clin Proc. 1980;55:700\u20134.","journal-title":"Mayo Clin Proc"},{"key":"1312_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"819","DOI":"10.3238\/arztebl.2013.0819","volume":"110","author":"HH Schild","year":"2013","unstructured":"Schild HH, Strassburg CP, Welz A, Kalff J. Treatment options in patients with chylothorax. Dtsch Arztebl Int. 2013;110:819\u201326. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3238\/arztebl.2013.0819.","journal-title":"Dtsch Arztebl Int"},{"key":"1312_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"600","DOI":"10.1097\/RLI.0000000000000578","volume":"54","author":"CC Pieper","year":"2019","unstructured":"Pieper CC, Hur S, Sommer CM, Nadolski G, Maleux G, Kim J, Itkin M. Back to the future: lipiodol in lymphography-from diagnostics to theranostics. Invest Radiol. 2019;54:600\u201315. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/RLI.0000000000000578.","journal-title":"Invest Radiol"},{"key":"1312_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"610","DOI":"10.1097\/RLI.0000000000000966","volume":"58","author":"CC Pieper","year":"2023","unstructured":"Pieper CC. Back to the future II-a comprehensive update on the rapidly evolving field of lymphatic imaging and interventions. Invest Radiol. 2023;58:610\u201340. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/RLI.0000000000000966.","journal-title":"Invest Radiol"},{"key":"1312_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2002","DOI":"10.1007\/s00270-021-02931-0","volume":"44","author":"F Streitparth","year":"2021","unstructured":"Streitparth F, Theurich S, Streitparth T, \u00d6cal O, Dos Santos DC, Flatz W. Treatment of refractory high-flow chylothorax in high-grade B-cell lymphoma by intratumoral lymphatic embolization. Cardiovasc Intervent Radiol. 2021;44:2002\u20134. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00270-021-02931-0.","journal-title":"Cardiovasc Intervent Radiol"},{"key":"1312_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"305","DOI":"10.1258\/ar.2010.090356","volume":"52","author":"E Alejandre-Lafont","year":"2011","unstructured":"Alejandre-Lafont E, Krompiec C, Rau WS, Krombach GA. Effectiveness of therapeutic lymphography on lymphatic leakage. Acta Radiol. 2011;52:305\u201311. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1258\/ar.2010.090356.","journal-title":"Acta Radiol"},{"key":"1312_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"584","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0034-1399438","volume":"187","author":"HH Schild","year":"2015","unstructured":"Schild HH, Naehle CP, Wilhelm KE, Kuhl CK, Thomas D, Meyer C, Textor J, Strunk H, Willinek WA, Pieper CC. Lymphatic interventions for treatment of chylothorax. Rofo. 2015;187:584\u20138. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1055\/s-0034-1399438.","journal-title":"Rofo"},{"key":"1312_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3621","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-022-07359-1","volume":"12","author":"J Wagenpfeil","year":"2022","unstructured":"Wagenpfeil J, Kupczyk PA, Henkel A, Geiger S, K\u00f6ster T, Luetkens JA, Schild HH, Attenberger UI, Pieper CC. Ultrasound-guided needle positioning for nodal dynamic contrast-enhanced MR lymphangiography. Sci Rep. 2022;12:3621. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41598-022-07359-1.","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"key":"1312_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"867","DOI":"10.4065\/80.7.867","volume":"80","author":"CH Doerr","year":"2005","unstructured":"Doerr CH, Allen MS, Nichols FC 3rd, Ryu JH. Etiology of chylothorax in 203 patients. Mayo Clin Proc. 2005;80:867\u201370. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4065\/80.7.867.","journal-title":"Mayo Clin Proc"},{"key":"1312_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"9","DOI":"10.1186\/s13023-018-0991-3","volume":"14","author":"J Pospiskova","year":"2019","unstructured":"Pospiskova J, Smolej L, Belada D, Simkovic M, Motyckova M, Sykorova A, Stepankova P, Zak P. Experiences in the treatment of refractory chylothorax associated with lymphoproliferative disorders. Orphanet J Rare Dis. 2019;14:9. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s13023-018-0991-3.","journal-title":"Orphanet J Rare Dis"},{"key":"1312_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"599","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2354.2012.01329.x","volume":"21","author":"CL Teng","year":"2012","unstructured":"Teng CL, Li KW, Yu JT, Hsu SL, Wang RC, Hwang WL. Malignancy-associated chylothorax: a 20-year study of 18 patients from a single institution. Eur J Cancer Care (Engl). 2012;21:599\u2013605. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/j.1365-2354.2012.01329.x.","journal-title":"Eur J Cancer Care (Engl)"},{"key":"1312_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"603","DOI":"10.1093\/oxfordjournals.annonc.a059251","volume":"6","author":"AM O'Callaghan","year":"1995","unstructured":"O\u2019Callaghan AM, Mead GM. Chylothorax in lymphoma: mechanisms and management. Ann Oncol. 1995;6:603\u20137. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/oxfordjournals.annonc.a059251.","journal-title":"Ann Oncol"},{"key":"1312_CR14","first-page":"343","volume":"50","author":"A Talwar","year":"2008","unstructured":"Talwar A, Lee HJ. A contemporary review of chylothorax. Indian J Chest Dis Allied Sci. 2008;50:343\u201351.","journal-title":"Indian J Chest Dis Allied Sci"},{"key":"1312_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7759\/cureus.761","author":"JM Laba","year":"2016","unstructured":"Laba JM, Nguyen TK, Boldt RG, Louie AV. Spontaneous resolution of chylothorax-associated lymphoma treated with external beam radiotherapy: a case report and comprehensive review of the literature. Cureus. 2016. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.7759\/cureus.761.","journal-title":"Cureus"},{"key":"1312_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"233","DOI":"10.4021\/wjon523w","volume":"3","author":"CJ Allen","year":"2012","unstructured":"Allen CJ, DiPasco PJ, Koshenkov V, Franceschi D. Non-Hodgkin\u2019s lymphoma as a risk factor for persistent chylothorax after transhiatal esophagectomy. World J Oncol. 2012;3:233\u20135. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4021\/wjon523w.","journal-title":"World J Oncol"},{"key":"1312_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"7","DOI":"10.20473\/jr.v3-I.1.2017.7-11","volume":"3","author":"D Maranatha","year":"2017","unstructured":"Maranatha D, Bestari B. Problema diagnostik dan respons kemoterapi pada seorang penderita classical limfoma hodgkin tipe mixed cellularity dengan temporary spontaneus regression: [Difficult case of classical hodgkin lymphoma mixed cellularity type with temporary spontaneous Regression]. J Respirasi. 2017;3:7\u201311.","journal-title":"J Respirasi"},{"key":"1312_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1155\/2020\/2893942","author":"CN Ekeke","year":"2020","unstructured":"Ekeke CN, Chan EG, Luketich JD, Dhupar R. Delayed chylothorax during treatment of follicular lymphoma with a malignant pleural effusion. Case Rep Surg. 2020. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1155\/2020\/2893942.","journal-title":"Case Rep Surg"},{"key":"1312_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1155\/2014\/684689","author":"L Van De Voorde","year":"2014","unstructured":"Van De Voorde L, Vanneste B, Borger J, Troost EGC, Werner P. Rapid decline of follicular lymphoma-associated chylothorax after low dose radiotherapy to retroperitoneal lymphoma localization. Case Rep Hematol. 2014. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1155\/2014\/684689.","journal-title":"Case Rep Hematol"},{"key":"1312_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"929","DOI":"10.1159\/000508704","volume":"13","author":"T Paul","year":"2020","unstructured":"Paul T, Yadav DK, Alhamar M, Dabak V. Primary pleural extranodal marginal zone lymphoma presenting as bilateral chylothorax. Case Rep Oncol. 2020;13:929\u201334. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1159\/000508704.","journal-title":"Case Rep Oncol"},{"key":"1312_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"14","DOI":"10.14740\/jh339w","volume":"7","author":"D Sammartino","year":"2018","unstructured":"Sammartino D, Khanijo S, Koenig S, Katsetos JF, Tufano A, Rai KR, et al. Chylothorax in patients with chronic lymphocytic leukemia: a case series. J Hematol. 2018;7:14\u20138. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.14740\/jh339w.","journal-title":"J Hematol."},{"key":"1312_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3641","DOI":"10.2169\/internalmedicine.55.7250","volume":"55","author":"O Kohmoto","year":"2016","unstructured":"Kohmoto O, Kawabe K, Ono H, Yanagimoto R, Arimoto J, Hatada A, et al. Chylothorax associated with chronic lymphocytic leukemia. Intern Med. 2016;55:3641\u20134. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2169\/internalmedicine.55.7250.","journal-title":"Intern Med"},{"key":"1312_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/jscr\/rjaa309","author":"S Barillas","year":"2020","unstructured":"Barillas S, Rodas A, Ardebol J, Mart\u00ed JL. Nontraumatic chylothorax secondary to lymphoma and filariasis. J Surg Case Rep. 2020. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/jscr\/rjaa309.","journal-title":"J Surg Case Rep"},{"key":"1312_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/030089161309900324","author":"S Janjetovic","year":"2013","unstructured":"Janjetovic S, Janning M, Daukeva L, Bokemeyer C, Fiedler W. Chylothorax in a patient with Hodgkin\u2019s lymphoma: a case report and review of the literature. Tumori. 2013. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/030089161309900324.","journal-title":"Tumori"},{"key":"1312_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijscr.2022.107827","volume":"102","author":"SY Wijaya","year":"2022","unstructured":"Wijaya SY, Koesoemoprodjo W. Indonesian female with bilateral chylothorax and mediastinal non-Hodgkin lymphoma: a case report. Int J Surg Case Rep. 2022;102: 107827. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ijscr.2022.107827.","journal-title":"Int J Surg Case Rep"},{"key":"1312_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"286","DOI":"10.1053\/j.tvir.2016.10.008","volume":"19","author":"G Nadolski","year":"2016","unstructured":"Nadolski G. Nontraumatic chylothorax: diagnostic algorithm and treatment options. Tech Vasc Interv Radiol. 2016;19:286\u201390. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1053\/j.tvir.2016.10.008.","journal-title":"Tech Vasc Interv Radiol"},{"key":"1312_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"269","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0040-1713444","volume":"37","author":"LD Goity","year":"2020","unstructured":"Goity LD, Itkin M, Nadolski G. An algorithmic approach to minimally invasive management of nontraumatic chylothorax. Semin Intervent Radiol. 2020;37:269\u201373. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1055\/s-0040-1713444.","journal-title":"Semin Intervent Radiol"},{"key":"1312_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1183\/20734735.0163-2021","volume":"18","author":"K Ur Rehman","year":"2022","unstructured":"Ur Rehman K, Sivakumar P. Non-traumatic chylothorax: diagnostic and therapeutic strategies. Breathe (Sheff). 2022;18: 210163. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1183\/20734735.0163-2021.","journal-title":"Breathe (Sheff)"},{"key":"1312_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.23750\/abm.v92i5.11794","volume":"92","author":"A Fantin","year":"2021","unstructured":"Fantin A, Castaldo N, Vailati P, Morana G, Orso D, Vetrugno L, Patruno V. Pleural effusion aetiology, presentation, treatment and outcome in haematological diseases: a review. Acta Biomed. 2021;92: e2021268. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.23750\/abm.v92i5.11794.","journal-title":"Acta Biomed"},{"key":"1312_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"387","DOI":"10.1097\/MCP.0b013e328338dde2","volume":"16","author":"V Skouras","year":"2010","unstructured":"Skouras V, Kalomenidis I. Chylothorax: diagnostic approach. Curr Opin Pulm. 2010;16:387\u201393. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/MCP.0b013e328338dde2.","journal-title":"Curr Opin Pulm"},{"key":"1312_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"731","DOI":"10.1378\/chest.114.3.731","volume":"114","author":"DC Mares","year":"1998","unstructured":"Mares DC, Mathur PN. Medical thoracoscopic talc pleurodesis for chylothorax due to lymphoma: a case series. Chest. 1998;114:731\u20135. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1378\/chest.114.3.731.","journal-title":"Chest"},{"key":"1312_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/14651858.CD002916.pub2","author":"P Shaw","year":"2004","unstructured":"Shaw P, Agarwal R. Pleurodesis for malignant pleural effusions. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2004. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/14651858.CD002916.pub2.","journal-title":"Cochrane Database Syst Rev"},{"key":"1312_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"968","DOI":"10.1007\/s00270-007-9026-5","volume":"30","author":"S Kos","year":"2007","unstructured":"Kos S, Haueisen H, Lachmund U, Roeren T. Lymphangiography: forgotten tool or rising star in the diagnosis and therapy of postoperative lymphatic vessel leakage. Cardiovasc Intervent Radiol. 2007;30:968\u201373. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00270-007-9026-5.","journal-title":"Cardiovasc Intervent Radiol"},{"key":"1312_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"433","DOI":"10.2214\/AJR.20.23465","volume":"217","author":"T Jardinet","year":"2021","unstructured":"Jardinet T, Veer HV, Nafteux P, Depypere L, Coosemans W, Maleux G. Intranodal lymphangiography with high-dose ethiodized oil shows efficient results in patients with refractory, high-output postsurgical chylothorax: a retrospective study. AJR Am J Roentgenol. 2021;217:433\u20138. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2214\/AJR.20.23465.","journal-title":"AJR Am J Roentgenol"},{"key":"1312_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1351","DOI":"10.1007\/s11912-022-01293-1","volume":"24","author":"EW Youssef","year":"2022","unstructured":"Youssef EW, Aly A, Brahmbhatt A, Moussa A, Santos E. Lymphatic interventions in the cancer patient. Curr Oncol Rep. 2022;24:1351\u201361. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s11912-022-01293-1.","journal-title":"Curr Oncol Rep"},{"key":"1312_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2556","DOI":"10.3390\/biomedicines11092556","volume":"11","author":"LC Kaminski","year":"2023","unstructured":"Kaminski LC, Wagenpfeil J, Buermann J, Lutz PL, Luetkens JA, Attenberger UI, Strassburg CP, Kalff JC, Schild HH, Pieper CC. Long-term clinical outcome of abdomino-thoracic lymphatic interventions of traumatic and non-traumatic lymphatic leakage in adults. Biomedicines. 2023;11:2556. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/biomedicines11092556.","journal-title":"Biomedicines"},{"key":"1312_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"158","DOI":"10.1378\/chest.12-0526","volume":"143","author":"GJ Nadolski","year":"2013","unstructured":"Nadolski GJ, Itkin M. Thoracic duct embolization for nontraumatic chylous effusion: experience in 34 patients. Chest. 2013;143:158\u201363. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1378\/chest.12-0526.","journal-title":"Chest"},{"key":"1312_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"704","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jvir.2016.12.1209","volume":"28","author":"M Yannes","year":"2017","unstructured":"Yannes M, Shin D, McCluskey K, Varma R, Santos E. Comparative analysis of intranodal lymphangiography with percutaneous intervention for post-surgical chylous effusions. J Vasc Interv Radiol. 2017;28:704\u201311. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jvir.2016.12.1209.","journal-title":"J Vasc Interv Radiol"},{"key":"1312_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"194","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jvir.2017.10.006","volume":"29","author":"PH Kim","year":"2018","unstructured":"Kim PH, Tsauo J, Shin JH. Lymphatic interventions for chylothorax: a systematic review and meta-analysis. J Vasc Interv Radiol. 2018;29:194\u2013202. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jvir.2017.10.006.","journal-title":"J Vasc Interv Radiol"},{"key":"1312_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2482","DOI":"10.1007\/s00330-015-4112-6","volume":"26","author":"OW Johnson","year":"2016","unstructured":"Johnson OW, Chick JF, Chauhan NR, Fairchild AH, Fan CM, Stecker MS, Killoran TP, Suzuki-Han A. The thoracic duct: clinical importance, anatomic variation, imaging, and embolization. Eur Radiol. 2016;26:2482\u201393. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00330-015-4112-6.","journal-title":"Eur Radiol"},{"key":"1312_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"63","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0031-1273941","volume":"28","author":"E Chen","year":"2011","unstructured":"Chen E, Itkin M. Thoracic duct embolization for chylous leaks. Semin Intervent Radiol. 2011;28:63\u201374. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1055\/s-0031-1273941.","journal-title":"Semin Intervent Radiol"}],"container-title":["Clinical and Experimental Medicine"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s10238-024-01312-4.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s10238-024-01312-4\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s10238-024-01312-4.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,30]],"date-time":"2024-11-30T17:14:32Z","timestamp":1732986872000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s10238-024-01312-4"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,3,30]]},"references-count":41,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,12]]}},"alternative-id":["1312"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10238-024-01312-4","relation":{},"ISSN":["1591-9528"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1591-9528","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,3,30]]},"assertion":[{"value":"28 November 2023","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"28 February 2024","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"30 March 2024","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"There are no financial arrangements that could be regarded as a conflict of interest in connection with the present work. Financial connections outside the present work: JAL: Speakers Bureau: Philips Healthcare (Netherlands), Bayer Vital (Germany); UIA: Speakers Bureau: Siemens Healthineers (Erlangen, Germany), CCP: Speakers Bureau: Philips Healthcare (Best, Netherlands), Bayer Vital (Germany), Guerbet (France), Julius Zorn GmbH (Germany).","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Conflict of interest"}},{"value":"Not applicable for this retrospective study. No identifying individual information is reported.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Consent for publication"}},{"value":"The institutional review board of the University Hospital Bonn approved retrospective data analysis with a waiver for additional informed patient consent (IRB approval number 232\/16).","order":4,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethical approval and consent to participate"}}],"article-number":"63"}}