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TDP-43 solubility and function are disrupted in certain viral infections. Certain viruses, high viremia, co-infections, reactivation of latent viruses, and post-acute expansion of cytotoxic T cells may all contribute to inclusion body myositis, mainly in an age-shaped immune landscape. The virally induced senescent, interferon gamma-producing cytotoxic CD8+\u2009T cells with increased inflammatory, and cytotoxic features are involved in the occurrence of inclusion body myositis in most such cases, in a genetically predisposed host. We discuss the putative mechanisms linking inclusion body myositis, TDP-43, and viral infections untangling the links between viruses, interferon, and neuromuscular degeneration could shed a light on the pathogenesis of the inclusion body myositis and other TDP-43-related neuromuscular diseases, with possible therapeutic implications.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1007\/s10238-024-01353-9","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,2]],"date-time":"2024-05-02T02:01:46Z","timestamp":1714615306000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Inclusion body myositis, viral infections, and TDP-43: a narrative review"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"24","author":[{"given":"Vitalie","family":"V\u0103c\u0103ra\u015f","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2476-9706","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Romana","family":"Vulturar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1651-0860","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Adina","family":"Chi\u015f","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5735-3929","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Laura","family":"Damian","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,2]]},"reference":[{"issue":"5","key":"1353_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"257","DOI":"10.1038\/s41584-019-0186-x","volume":"15","author":"SA Greenberg","year":"2019","unstructured":"Greenberg SA. 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