{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,17]],"date-time":"2026-08-17T15:30:08Z","timestamp":1786980608136,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":47,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,18]],"date-time":"2025-02-18T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1739836800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,18]],"date-time":"2025-02-18T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1739836800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Clin Exp Med"],"DOI":"10.1007\/s10238-025-01581-7","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,18]],"date-time":"2025-02-18T14:42:39Z","timestamp":1739889759000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["The prevalence and determinants of alcohol use in the adult population of Tehran: insights from the Tehran Cohort Study (TeCS)"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"25","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6912-7788","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Akbar","family":"Shafiee","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4856-6674","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hossein","family":"Toreyhi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3221-2270","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Seyedayin","family":"Hosseini","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4327-8814","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Amirhossein","family":"Heidari","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3225-8498","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Arash","family":"Jalali","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6259-0750","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mohammad","family":"Mohammadi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2676-547X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Farshid","family":"Alaeddini","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2744-7983","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Soheil","family":"Saadat","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9577-3780","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Saeed","family":"Sadeghian","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1016-4757","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mohamamdali","family":"Boroumand","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8162-9905","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Abbasali","family":"Karimi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4606-4929","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Oscar H.","family":"Franco","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,18]]},"reference":[{"issue":"12","key":"1581_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"987","DOI":"10.1016\/S2215-0366(18)30337-7","volume":"5","author":"GBD Alcohol","year":"2018","unstructured":"Alcohol GBD, Drug UC. The global burden of disease attributable to alcohol and drug use in 195 countries and territories, 1990\u20132016: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2016. Lancet Psychiatry. 2018;5(12):987\u20131012. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/S2215-0366(18)30337-7.","journal-title":"Lancet Psychiatry"},{"issue":"10","key":"1581_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1703","DOI":"10.1111\/add.13159","volume":"111","author":"B Al-Ansari","year":"2016","unstructured":"Al-Ansari B, Thow AM, Day CA, Conigrave KM. Extent of alcohol prohibition in civil policy in Muslim majority countries: the impact of globalization. Addiction. 2016;111(10):1703\u201313. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/add.13159.","journal-title":"Addiction"},{"issue":"4","key":"1581_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e175","DOI":"10.1016\/S2468-2667(19)30038-6","volume":"4","author":"M Shokoohi","year":"2019","unstructured":"Shokoohi M, Rahimi-Movaghar A, Noroozi A, Karamouzian M. A public health approach to alcohol use and its related harms in Iran. Lancet Public health. 2019;4(4):e175\u20136. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/S2468-2667(19)30038-6.","journal-title":"Lancet Public health"},{"issue":"5","key":"1581_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"525","DOI":"10.1111\/dar.13093","volume":"39","author":"M Chegeni","year":"2020","unstructured":"Chegeni M, Kamel Khodabandeh A, Karamouzian M, Shokoohi M, Abedi L, Khalili M, et al. Alcohol consumption in Iran: a systematic review and meta-analysis of the literature. Drug Alcohol Rev. 2020;39(5):525\u201338. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/dar.13093.","journal-title":"Drug Alcohol Rev"},{"issue":"3","key":"1581_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"0089","DOI":"10.1515\/ijamh-2015-0089","volume":"29","author":"A Baheiraei","year":"2016","unstructured":"Baheiraei A, Soltani F, Ebadi A, Foroushani AR, Cheraghi MA. Risk and protective profile of tobacco and alcohol use among Iranian adolescents: a population- based study. Int J Adolescent Med Health. 2016;29(3):0089. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1515\/ijamh-2015-0089.","journal-title":"Int J Adolescent Med Health."},{"issue":"2","key":"1581_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"105","DOI":"10.15412\/j.Jpcp.06040205","volume":"4","author":"B Dolatshahi","year":"2016","unstructured":"Dolatshahi B, Abasi I, Pahlavani H. Prevalence of high risk behaviors among women living in Tehran. Pract Clin Psychol. 2016;4(2):105\u201312. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15412\/j.Jpcp.06040205.","journal-title":"Pract Clin Psychol"},{"issue":"2","key":"1581_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"97","DOI":"10.15171\/ijhpm.2016.103","volume":"6","author":"A Nikfarjam","year":"2017","unstructured":"Nikfarjam A, Hajimaghsoudi S, Rastegari A, Haghdoost AA, Nasehi AA, Memaryan N, et al. The frequency of alcohol use in Iranian Urban population: the results of a national network scale up survey. Int J Health Policy Manag. 2017;6(2):97\u2013102. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15171\/ijhpm.2016.103.","journal-title":"Int J Health Policy Manag"},{"issue":"1","key":"1581_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"39","DOI":"10.1186\/s13011-020-00279-1","volume":"15","author":"M Moradinazar","year":"2020","unstructured":"Moradinazar M, Najafi F, Jalilian F, Pasdar Y, Hamzeh B, Shakiba E, et al. Prevalence of drug use, alcohol consumption, cigarette smoking and measure of socioeconomic-related inequalities of drug use among Iranian people: findings from a national survey. Subst Abuse Treat Prev Policy. 2020;15(1):39. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s13011-020-00279-1.","journal-title":"Subst Abuse Treat Prev Policy"},{"issue":"3","key":"1581_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"290","DOI":"10.1080\/02791072.2019.1578909","volume":"51","author":"M Mehrabi","year":"2019","unstructured":"Mehrabi M, Hajebi A, Mohebbi E, Baneshi MR, Khodadost M, Haghdoost AA, et al. Prevalence and correlates of lifetime alcohol use among adult urban populations in Iran: a knowledge, attitude, and practice study. J Psychoactive Drugs. 2019;51(3):290\u20137. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/02791072.2019.1578909.","journal-title":"J Psychoactive Drugs"},{"key":"1581_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.gloepi.2021.100051","volume":"3","author":"A Shafiee","year":"2021","unstructured":"Shafiee A, Saadat S, Shahmansouri N, Jalali A, Alaeddini F, Haddadi M, et al. Tehran cohort study (TeCS) on cardiovascular diseases, injury, and mental health: Design, methods, and recruitment data. Glob Epidemiol. 2021;3: 100051. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.gloepi.2021.100051.","journal-title":"Glob Epidemiol"},{"issue":"1","key":"1581_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"132","DOI":"10.1186\/s12888-024-05561-1","volume":"24","author":"F Masoudkabir","year":"2024","unstructured":"Masoudkabir F, Shafiee A, Heidari A, Mohammadi NSH, Tavakoli K, Jalali A, et al. Epidemiology of substance and opium use among adult residents of Tehran; a comprehensive report from Tehran cohort study (TeCS). BMC Psychiatry. 2024;24(1):132. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12888-024-05561-1.","journal-title":"BMC Psychiatry"},{"issue":"1","key":"1581_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1722","DOI":"10.1186\/s12889-024-19201-6","volume":"24","author":"S Mossavarali","year":"2024","unstructured":"Mossavarali S, Vaezi A, Heidari A, Shafiee A, Jalali A, Alaeddini F, et al. Prevalence of insufficient physical activity among adult residents of Tehran: a cross-sectional report from Tehran Cohort Study (TeCS). BMC Public Health. 2024;24(1):1722. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12889-024-19201-6.","journal-title":"BMC Public Health"},{"issue":"1","key":"1581_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"740","DOI":"10.1186\/s12889-023-15629-4","volume":"23","author":"A Shafiee","year":"2023","unstructured":"Shafiee A, Oraii A, Jalali A, Alaeddini F, Saadat S, Masoudkabir F, et al. Epidemiology and prevalence of tobacco use in Tehran; a report from the recruitment phase of Tehran cohort study. BMC Public Health. 2023;23(1):740. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12889-023-15629-4.","journal-title":"BMC Public Health"},{"issue":"19","key":"1581_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2560","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.289.19.2560","volume":"289","author":"AV Chobanian","year":"2003","unstructured":"Chobanian AV, Bakris GL, Black HR, Cushman WC, Green LA, Izzo JL Jr, et al. The seventh report of the joint national committee on prevention, detection, evaluation, and treatment of high blood pressure: the JNC 7 report. JAMA. 2003;289(19):2560\u201372. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1001\/jama.289.19.2560.","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"1581_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"American Diabetes A. (2020) 2. Classification and diagnosis of diabetes: standards of medical care in diabetes-2020. Diabetes care. 43(Suppl 1):S14-S31. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2337\/dc20-S002","DOI":"10.2337\/dc20-S002"},{"issue":"1","key":"1581_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"23","DOI":"10.1038\/ejcn.2009.92","volume":"64","author":"Q Qiao","year":"2010","unstructured":"Qiao Q, Nyamdorj R. The optimal cutoff values and their performance of waist circumference and waist-to-hip ratio for diagnosing type II diabetes. Eur J Clin Nutr. 2010;64(1):23\u20139. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/ejcn.2009.92.","journal-title":"Eur J Clin Nutr"},{"key":"1581_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"27","DOI":"10.1016\/j.alcohol.2024.03.008","volume":"117","author":"N Heidari","year":"2024","unstructured":"Heidari N, Hajikarim-Hamedani A, Heidari A, Ghane Y, Ashabi G, Zarrindast MR, et al. Alcohol: epigenome alteration and inter\/transgenerational effect. Alcohol. 2024;117:27\u201341. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.alcohol.2024.03.008.","journal-title":"Alcohol"},{"issue":"9","key":"1581_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4043","DOI":"10.1126\/sciadv.aax4043","volume":"5","author":"K Witkiewitz","year":"2019","unstructured":"Witkiewitz K, Litten RZ, Leggio L. Advances in the science and treatment of alcohol use disorder. Sci Adv. 2019;5(9):4043. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1126\/sciadv.aax4043.","journal-title":"Sci Adv"},{"key":"1581_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"48","DOI":"10.1016\/j.drugalcdep.2017.02.018","volume":"176","author":"M Amin-Esmaeili","year":"2017","unstructured":"Amin-Esmaeili M, Rahimi-Movaghar A, Sharifi V, Hajebi A, Mojtabai R, Radgoodarzi R, et al. Alcohol use disorders in Iran: prevalence, symptoms, correlates, and comorbidity. Drug Alcohol Depend. 2017;176:48\u201354. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.drugalcdep.2017.02.018.","journal-title":"Drug Alcohol Depend"},{"issue":"4","key":"1581_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.34172\/jrhs.2020.34","volume":"20","author":"J Poorolajal","year":"2020","unstructured":"Poorolajal J, Ebrahimi B, Rezapur-Shahkolai F, Doosti-Irani A, Alizadeh M, Ahmadpoor J, et al. The epidemiology of aggression and associated factors among Iranian adult population: a national survey. J Res Health Sci. 2020;20(4): e00499. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.34172\/jrhs.2020.34.","journal-title":"J Res Health Sci"},{"key":"1581_CR21","unstructured":"Organization WH. (2019) Global status report on alcohol and health 2018. World Health Organization"},{"issue":"4","key":"1581_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"422","DOI":"10.1080\/14659891.2021.1953168","volume":"27","author":"K \u00c7ebi Karaaslan","year":"2021","unstructured":"\u00c7ebi Karaaslan K, Karaaslan A. A study of factors affecting the alcohol consumption in Turkey. J Substance Use. 2021;27(4):422\u20137. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/14659891.2021.1953168.","journal-title":"J Substance Use"},{"issue":"3","key":"1581_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"222","DOI":"10.1080\/00207590801888752","volume":"44","author":"TS AlMarri","year":"2009","unstructured":"AlMarri TS, Oei TP. Alcohol and substance use in the Arabian Gulf region: a review. Int J Psychol. 2009;44(3):222\u201333. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/00207590801888752.","journal-title":"Int J Psychol"},{"issue":"1","key":"1581_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"02","DOI":"10.35946\/arcr.v42.1.02","volume":"42","author":"KM Keyes","year":"2022","unstructured":"Keyes KM. Age, period, and cohort effects in alcohol use in the United States in the 20th and 21st centuries: implications for the coming decades. Alcohol Res: Current Rev. 2022;42(1):02. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.35946\/arcr.v42.1.02.","journal-title":"Alcohol Res: Current Rev"},{"issue":"10","key":"1581_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1269","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1360-0443.1991.tb01703.x","volume":"86","author":"MT Temple","year":"1991","unstructured":"Temple MT, Fillmore KM, Hartka E, Johnstone B, Leino EV, Motoyoshi M. A meta-analysis of change in marital and employment status as predictors of alcohol consumption on a typical occasion. Br J Addict. 1991;86(10):1269\u201381. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/j.1360-0443.1991.tb01703.x.","journal-title":"Br J Addict"},{"issue":"1","key":"1581_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"533","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2458-14-533","volume":"14","author":"RG Watt","year":"2014","unstructured":"Watt RG, Heilmann A, Sabbah W, Newton T, Chandola T, Aida J, et al. Social relationships and health related behaviors among older US adults. BMC Public Health. 2014;14(1):533. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/1471-2458-14-533.","journal-title":"BMC Public Health"},{"issue":"9","key":"1581_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1495","DOI":"10.1017\/S0033291709991942","volume":"40","author":"KM Scott","year":"2010","unstructured":"Scott KM, Wells JE, Angermeyer M, Brugha TS, Bromet E, Demyttenaere K, et al. Gender and the relationship between marital status and first onset of mood, anxiety and substance use disorders. Psychol Med. 2010;40(9):1495\u2013505. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1017\/S0033291709991942.","journal-title":"Psychol Med"},{"key":"1581_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S2045796021000342","volume":"30","author":"JEJ Buckman","year":"2021","unstructured":"Buckman JEJ, Saunders R, Stott J, Arundell LL, O\u2019Driscoll C, Davies MR, et al. Role of age, gender and marital status in prognosis for adults with depression: an individual patient data meta-analysis. Epidemiol Psychiatric Sci. 2021;30: e42. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1017\/S2045796021000342.","journal-title":"Epidemiol Psychiatric Sci"},{"issue":"1","key":"1581_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.1186\/s13561-016-0081-y","volume":"6","author":"AK Seid","year":"2016","unstructured":"Seid AK. Social interactions, trust and risky alcohol consumption. Heal Econ Rev. 2016;6(1):3. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s13561-016-0081-y.","journal-title":"Heal Econ Rev"},{"issue":"1","key":"1581_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"55","DOI":"10.1300\/J069v17n01_06","volume":"17","author":"NS Miller","year":"1998","unstructured":"Miller NS, Gold MS. Comorbid cigarette and alcohol addiction: epidemiology and treatment. J Addict Dis. 1998;17(1):55\u201366. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1300\/J069v17n01_06.","journal-title":"J Addict Dis"},{"issue":"19","key":"1581_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1795","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.115.017926","volume":"132","author":"A Pan","year":"2015","unstructured":"Pan A, Wang Y, Talaei M, Hu FB. Relation of smoking with total mortality and cardiovascular events among patients with diabetes mellitus: a meta-analysis and systematic review. Circulation. 2015;132(19):1795\u2013804. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.115.017926.","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"issue":"6","key":"1581_CR32","first-page":"588","volume":"42","author":"S Eskandarieh","year":"2013","unstructured":"Eskandarieh S, Nikfarjam A, Tarjoman T, Nasehi A, Jafari F, Saberi-Zafarghandi MB. Descriptive aspects of injection drug users in Iran\u2019s national harm reduction program by methadone maintenance treatment. Iran J Public Health. 2013;42(6):588\u201393.","journal-title":"Iran J Public Health"},{"issue":"10","key":"1581_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1940","DOI":"10.18502\/ijph.v49i10.4697","volume":"49","author":"AA Noorbala","year":"2020","unstructured":"Noorbala AA, Saljoughian A, Bagheri Yazdi SA, Faghihzadeh E, Farahzadi MH, Kamali K, et al. Evaluation of drug and alcohol abuse in people aged 15 years and older in Iran. Iran J Public Health. 2020;49(10):1940\u20136. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.18502\/ijph.v49i10.4697.","journal-title":"Iran J Public Health"},{"issue":"13","key":"1581_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/JAHA.117.008202","volume":"7","author":"M Roerecke","year":"2018","unstructured":"Roerecke M, Tobe SW, Kaczorowski J, Bacon SL, Vafaei A, Hasan OSM, et al. Sex-specific associations between alcohol consumption and incidence of hypertension: a systematic review and meta-analysis of cohort studies. J Am Heart Assoc. 2018;7(13): e008202. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1161\/JAHA.117.008202.","journal-title":"J Am Heart Assoc"},{"issue":"11","key":"1581_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"792","DOI":"10.1111\/jch.12008","volume":"14","author":"A Briasoulis","year":"2012","unstructured":"Briasoulis A, Agarwal V, Messerli FH. Alcohol consumption and the risk of hypertension in men and women: a systematic review and meta-analysis. J Clin Hypertens. 2012;14(11):792\u20138. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/jch.12008.","journal-title":"J Clin Hypertens"},{"issue":"4","key":"1581_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"906","DOI":"10.3904\/kjim.2019.016","volume":"35","author":"MH Jung","year":"2020","unstructured":"Jung MH, Shin ES, Ihm SH, Jung JG, Lee HY, Kim CH. The effect of alcohol dose on the development of hypertension in Asian and Western men: systematic review and meta-analysis. Korean J Intern Med. 2020;35(4):906\u201316. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3904\/kjim.2019.016.","journal-title":"Korean J Intern Med"},{"issue":"9","key":"1581_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1804","DOI":"10.2337\/dc15-0710","volume":"38","author":"C Knott","year":"2015","unstructured":"Knott C, Bell S, Britton A. Alcohol consumption and the risk of type 2 diabetes: a systematic review and dose-response meta-analysis of more than 19 million individuals from 3.8 observational studies. Diabetes Care. 2015;38(9):1804\u201312. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2337\/dc15-0710.","journal-title":"Diabetes Care"},{"issue":"4","key":"1581_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"723","DOI":"10.2337\/dc14-1556","volume":"38","author":"IC Schrieks","year":"2015","unstructured":"Schrieks IC, Heil AL, Hendriks HF, Mukamal KJ, Beulens JW. The effect of alcohol consumption on insulin sensitivity and glycemic status: a systematic review and meta-analysis of intervention studies. Diabetes Care. 2015;38(4):723\u201332. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2337\/dc14-1556.","journal-title":"Diabetes Care"},{"issue":"6","key":"1581_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"633","DOI":"10.1093\/aje\/kwp451","volume":"171","author":"M Roerecke","year":"2010","unstructured":"Roerecke M, Rehm J. Irregular heavy drinking occasions and risk of ischemic heart disease: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Am J Epidemiol. 2010;171(6):633\u201344. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/aje\/kwp451.","journal-title":"Am J Epidemiol"},{"key":"1581_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.d636","volume":"342","author":"SE Brien","year":"2011","unstructured":"Brien SE, Ronksley PE, Turner BJ, Mukamal KJ, Ghali WA. Effect of alcohol consumption on biological markers associated with risk of coronary heart disease: systematic review and meta-analysis of interventional studies. BMJ. 2011;342: d636. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/bmj.d636.","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"issue":"21\u201322","key":"1581_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"835","DOI":"10.1007\/s00508-017-1235-6","volume":"129","author":"Y Huang","year":"2017","unstructured":"Huang Y, Li Y, Zheng S, Yang X, Wang T, Zeng J. Moderate alcohol consumption and atherosclerosis: meta-analysis of effects on lipids and inflammation. Wien Klin Wochenschr. 2017;129(21\u201322):835\u201343. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00508-017-1235-6.","journal-title":"Wien Klin Wochenschr"},{"issue":"19","key":"1581_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2347","DOI":"10.1161\/01.cir.102.19.2347","volume":"102","author":"ESER De Oliveira","year":"2000","unstructured":"De Oliveira ESER, Foster D, McGee Harper M, Seidman CE, Smith JD, Breslow JL, et al. Alcohol consumption raises HDL cholesterol levels by increasing the transport rate of apolipoproteins A-I and A-II. Circulation. 2000;102(19):2347\u201352. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1161\/01.cir.102.19.2347.","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"issue":"29","key":"1581_CR43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"8078","DOI":"10.1080\/10408398.2021.1925221","volume":"62","author":"M Golzarand","year":"2022","unstructured":"Golzarand M, Salari-Moghaddam A, Mirmiran P. Association between alcohol intake and overweight and obesity: a systematic review and dose-response meta-analysis of 127 observational studies. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr. 2022;62(29):8078\u201398. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/10408398.2021.1925221.","journal-title":"Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr"},{"issue":"2","key":"1581_CR44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"129","DOI":"10.1007\/s10654-005-5457-y","volume":"21","author":"AZ Fan","year":"2006","unstructured":"Fan AZ, Russell M, Dorn J, Freudenheim JL, Nochajski T, Hovey K, et al. Lifetime alcohol drinking pattern is related to the prevalence of metabolic syndrome. The Western New York Health Study (WNYHS). Eur J Epidemiol. 2006;21(2):129\u201338. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10654-005-5457-y.","journal-title":"Eur J Epidemiol"},{"issue":"1","key":"1581_CR45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.heliyon.2019.e03147","volume":"6","author":"EO Anto","year":"2020","unstructured":"Anto EO, Owiredu W, Adua E, Obirikorang C, Fondjo LA, Annani-Akollor ME, et al. Prevalence and lifestyle-related risk factors of obesity and unrecognized hypertension among bus drivers in Ghana. Heliyon. 2020;6(1): e03147. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.heliyon.2019.e03147.","journal-title":"Heliyon"},{"issue":"4","key":"1581_CR46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"443","DOI":"10.1080\/09581596.2016.1249825","volume":"27","author":"TMJ Antin","year":"2017","unstructured":"Antin TMJ, Annechino R, Hunt G, Lipperman-Kreda S, Young M. The gendered experience of smoking stigma: implications for tobacco control. Crit Public Health. 2017;27(4):443\u201354. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/09581596.2016.1249825.","journal-title":"Crit Public Health"},{"key":"1581_CR47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"156","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyt.2015.00156","volume":"6","author":"JL Leasure","year":"2015","unstructured":"Leasure JL, Neighbors C, Henderson CE, Young CM. Exercise and alcohol consumption: what we know, what we need to know, and why it is important. Front Psychiatry. 2015;6:156. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fpsyt.2015.00156.","journal-title":"Front Psychiatry."}],"container-title":["Clinical and Experimental Medicine"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s10238-025-01581-7.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s10238-025-01581-7\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s10238-025-01581-7.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,5]],"date-time":"2025-12-05T06:51:07Z","timestamp":1764917467000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s10238-025-01581-7"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,18]]},"references-count":47,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,12]]}},"alternative-id":["1581"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10238-025-01581-7","relation":{},"ISSN":["1591-9528"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1591-9528","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,18]]},"assertion":[{"value":"24 December 2024","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"31 January 2025","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"18 February 2025","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"The authors state that they do not have any known competing financial interests or personal connections that could appear to have influenced the work reported in this study.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Conflict of interest"}},{"value":"This project was approved by the Tehran Heart Center\u2019s review board and the ethical committee of the Tehran University of Medical Sciences (ID: IR.TUMS.MEDICINE.REC.1399.074). All procedures followed were in accordance with the ethical standards of the responsible committee on human experimentation (institutional and national) and with the Helsinki Declaration of 1975, as revised in 2000.Informed consent was obtained from all study participants before enrollment.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethical approval and consent to participate"}},{"value":"Not applicable.","order":4,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Consent for publication"}}],"article-number":"63"}}