{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,27]],"date-time":"2026-08-27T07:45:15Z","timestamp":1787816715512,"version":"build-2784847793"},"reference-count":38,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,25]],"date-time":"2025-03-25T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1742860800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,25]],"date-time":"2025-03-25T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1742860800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100007129","name":"Natural Science Foundation of Shandong Province","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["ZR2022QH190"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["ZR2022QH190"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100007129","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100007129","name":"Natural Science Foundation of Shandong Province","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["ZR2021QH293"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["ZR2021QH293"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100007129","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["82101421"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["82101421"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["82071345"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["82071345"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["82401584"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["82401584"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100010040","name":"Taishan Scholar Project of Shandong Province","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["NO. tsqn202211334"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["NO. tsqn202211334"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100010040","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100018546","name":"Postdoctoral Innovation Project of Shandong Province","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["No. SDCX-ZG-202302016"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["No. SDCX-ZG-202302016"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100018546","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Clin Exp Med"],"DOI":"10.1007\/s10238-025-01603-4","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,28]],"date-time":"2025-03-28T11:11:25Z","timestamp":1743160285000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Phenotypic and functional dysregulations of CD8\u2009+\u2009T Cells in myasthenia gravis"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"25","author":[{"given":"Chang","family":"Liu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hao","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yu-Yao","family":"Zhai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jing","family":"Dong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yang","family":"Zhou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Heng","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Min","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chun-Lin","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Peng","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xiao-Li","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rui-Sheng","family":"Duan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tong","family":"Du","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,25]]},"reference":[{"issue":"26","key":"1603_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2570","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMra1602678","volume":"375","author":"NE Gilhus","year":"2016","unstructured":"Gilhus NE. Myasthenia Gravis. N Engl J Med. 2016;375(26):2570\u201381.","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"issue":"1","key":"1603_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"30","DOI":"10.1038\/s41572-019-0079-y","volume":"5","author":"NE Gilhus","year":"2019","unstructured":"Gilhus NE, Tzartos S, Evoli A, Palace J, Burns TM, Verschuuren J. Myasthenia gravis. Nat Rev Dis Primers. 2019;5(1):30.","journal-title":"Nat Rev Dis Primers"},{"issue":"8","key":"1603_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1157","DOI":"10.1038\/s41590-022-01253-8","volume":"23","author":"D Yu","year":"2022","unstructured":"Yu D, Walker LSK, Liu Z, Linterman MA, Li Z. Targeting T(FH) cells in human diseases and vaccination: rationale and practice. Nat Immunol. 2022;23(8):1157\u201368.","journal-title":"Nat Immunol"},{"issue":"2","key":"1603_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"214","DOI":"10.1212\/NXI.0000000000000945","volume":"8","author":"S Ashida","year":"2021","unstructured":"Ashida S, Ochi H, Hamatani M, Fujii C, Kimura K, Okada Y, Hashi Y, Kawamura K, Ueno H, Takahashi R, et al. Immune Skew of Circulating follicular helper T cells associates with myasthenia gravis severity. Neurol Neuroimmunol Neuroinflamm. 2021;8(2):214.","journal-title":"Neurol Neuroimmunol Neuroinflamm"},{"issue":"7","key":"1603_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2610","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.1500725","volume":"197","author":"CJ Zhang","year":"2016","unstructured":"Zhang CJ, Gong Y, Zhu W, Qi Y, Yang CS, Fu Y, Chang G, Li Y, Shi S, Wood K, et al. Augmentation of circulating follicular helper T cells and their impact on autoreactive B cells in myasthenia gravis. J Immunol. 2016;197(7):2610\u20137.","journal-title":"J Immunol"},{"issue":"9","key":"1603_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"114677","DOI":"10.1016\/j.celrep.2024.114677","volume":"43","author":"Y Yasumizu","year":"2024","unstructured":"Yasumizu Y, Kinoshita M, Zhang MJ, Motooka D, Suzuki K, Nojima S, Koizumi N, Okuzaki D, Funaki S, Shintani Y, et al. Spatial transcriptomics elucidates medulla niche supporting germinal center response in myasthenia gravis-associated thymoma. Cell Rep. 2024;43(9):114677.","journal-title":"Cell Rep"},{"issue":"1","key":"1603_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4230","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-022-31951-8","volume":"13","author":"Y Yasumizu","year":"2022","unstructured":"Yasumizu Y, Ohkura N, Murata H, Kinoshita M, Funaki S, Nojima S, Kido K, Kohara M, Motooka D, Okuzaki D, et al. Myasthenia gravis-specific aberrant neuromuscular gene expression by medullary thymic epithelial cells in thymoma. Nat Commun. 2022;13(1):4230.","journal-title":"Nat Commun"},{"issue":"3","key":"1603_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"209","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clim.2012.09.012","volume":"145","author":"M Thiruppathi","year":"2012","unstructured":"Thiruppathi M, Rowin J, Ganesh B, Sheng JR, Prabhakar BS, Meriggioli MN. Impaired regulatory function in circulating CD4(+)CD25(high)CD127(low\/-) T cells in patients with myasthenia gravis. Clin Immunol. 2012;145(3):209\u201323.","journal-title":"Clin Immunol"},{"key":"1603_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"108492","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clim.2020.108492","volume":"218","author":"Q Ma","year":"2020","unstructured":"Ma Q, Ran H, Li Y, Lu Y, Liu X, Huang H, Yang W, Yu L, Chen P, Huang X, et al. Circulating Th1\/17 cells serve as a biomarker of disease severity and a target for early intervention in AChR-MG patients. Clin Immunol. 2020;218:108492.","journal-title":"Clin Immunol"},{"key":"1603_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"59","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaut.2018.11.005","volume":"98","author":"JA Villegas","year":"2019","unstructured":"Villegas JA, Bayer AC, Ider K, Bismuth J, Truffault F, Roussin R, Santelmo N, Le Panse R, Berrih-Aknin S, Dragin N. Il-23\/Th17 cell pathway: a promising target to alleviate thymic inflammation maintenance in myasthenia gravis. J Autoimmun. 2019;98:59\u201373.","journal-title":"J Autoimmun"},{"issue":"2","key":"1603_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"735","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2003-11-3900","volume":"105","author":"A Balandina","year":"2005","unstructured":"Balandina A, Lecart S, Dartevelle P, Saoudi A, Berrih-Aknin S. Functional defect of regulatory CD4(+)CD25+ T cells in the thymus of patients with autoimmune myasthenia gravis. Blood. 2005;105(2):735\u201341.","journal-title":"Blood"},{"issue":"11","key":"1603_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"718","DOI":"10.1038\/s41577-021-00537-8","volume":"21","author":"M Reina-Campos","year":"2021","unstructured":"Reina-Campos M, Scharping NE, Goldrath AW. CD8(+) T cell metabolism in infection and cancer. Nat Rev Immunol. 2021;21(11):718\u201338.","journal-title":"Nat Rev Immunol"},{"issue":"649","key":"1603_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"eabo0686","DOI":"10.1126\/scitranslmed.abo0686","volume":"14","author":"AH Jonsson","year":"2022","unstructured":"Jonsson AH, Zhang F, Dunlap G, Gomez-Rivas E, Watts GFM, Faust HJ, Rupani KV, Mears JR, Meednu N, Wang R, et al. Granzyme K(+) CD8 T cells form a core population in inflamed human tissue. Sci Transl Med. 2022;14(649):eabo0686.","journal-title":"Sci Transl Med"},{"issue":"20","key":"1603_CR14","first-page":"2417","volume":"141","author":"A Malik","year":"2023","unstructured":"Malik A, Sayed AA, Han P, Tan MMH, Watt E, Constantinescu-Bercu A, Cocker ATH, Khoder A, Saputil RC, Thorley E, et al. The role of CD8+ T-cell clones in immune thrombocytopenia. Blood. 2023;141(20):2417\u201329.","journal-title":"Blood"},{"issue":"7","key":"1603_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1231","DOI":"10.1038\/s41590-024-01860-7","volume":"25","author":"Y Li","year":"2024","unstructured":"Li Y, Ramirez-Suastegui C, Harris R, Castaneda-Castro FE, Ascui G, Perez-Jeldres T, Diaz A, Morong C, Giles DA, Chai J, et al. Stem-like T cells are associated with the pathogenesis of ulcerative colitis in humans. Nat Immunol. 2024;25(7):1231\u201344.","journal-title":"Nat Immunol"},{"issue":"7895","key":"1603_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"156","DOI":"10.1038\/s41586-021-04248-x","volume":"602","author":"SV Gearty","year":"2022","unstructured":"Gearty SV, Dundar F, Zumbo P, Espinosa-Carrasco G, Shakiba M, Sanchez-Rivera FJ, Socci ND, Trivedi P, Lowe SW, Lauer P, et al. An autoimmune stem-like CD8 T cell population drives type 1 diabetes. Nature. 2022;602(7895):156\u201361.","journal-title":"Nature"},{"issue":"7770","key":"1603_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"481","DOI":"10.1038\/s41586-019-1467-x","volume":"572","author":"N Saligrama","year":"2019","unstructured":"Saligrama N, Zhao F, Sikora MJ, Serratelli WS, Fernandes RA, Louis DM, Yao W, Ji X, Idoyaga J, Mahajan VB, et al. Opposing T cell responses in experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis. Nature. 2019;572(7770):481\u20137.","journal-title":"Nature"},{"issue":"6590","key":"1603_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"eabi9591","DOI":"10.1126\/science.abi9591","volume":"376","author":"J Li","year":"2022","unstructured":"Li J, Zaslavsky M, Su Y, Guo J, Sikora MJ, van Unen V, Christophersen A, Chiou SH, Chen L, Li J, et al. KIR(+)CD8(+) T cells suppress pathogenic T cells and are active in autoimmune diseases and COVID-19. Science. 2022;376(6590):eabi9591.","journal-title":"Science"},{"issue":"1","key":"1603_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"183","DOI":"10.1186\/s12967-024-04965-7","volume":"22","author":"Y Peng","year":"2024","unstructured":"Peng Y, Yang H, Chen Q, Jin H, Xue YH, Du MQ, Liu S, Yao SY. An angel or a devil? Current view on the role of CD8(+) T cells in the pathogenesis of myasthenia gravis. J Transl Med. 2024;22(1):183.","journal-title":"J Transl Med"},{"issue":"1","key":"1603_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"18","DOI":"10.1038\/nm.4241","volume":"23","author":"L Gattinoni","year":"2017","unstructured":"Gattinoni L, Speiser DE, Lichterfeld M, Bonini C. T memory stem cells in health and disease. Nat Med. 2017;23(1):18\u201327.","journal-title":"Nat Med"},{"issue":"1","key":"1603_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"309","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2023.07.008","volume":"153","author":"TH Nguyen","year":"2024","unstructured":"Nguyen TH, Kumar D, Prince C, Martini D, Grunwell JR, Lawrence T, Whitely T, Chappelle K, Chonat S, Prahalad S, et al. Frequency of HLA-DR(+)CD38(hi) T cells identifies and quantifies T-cell activation in hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis, hyperinflammation, and immune regulatory disorders. J Allergy Clin Immunol. 2024;153(1):309\u201319.","journal-title":"J Allergy Clin Immunol"},{"issue":"3","key":"1603_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"153","DOI":"10.1038\/nri.2017.108","volume":"18","author":"AH Sharpe","year":"2018","unstructured":"Sharpe AH, Pauken KE. The diverse functions of the PD1 inhibitory pathway. Nat Rev Immunol. 2018;18(3):153\u201367.","journal-title":"Nat Rev Immunol"},{"issue":"1","key":"1603_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"337","DOI":"10.1186\/s12964-024-01714-7","volume":"22","author":"Y Zhang","year":"2024","unstructured":"Zhang Y, Chen S, Tang X, Peng Y, Jiang T, Zhang X, Li J, Liu Y, Yang Z. The role of KLRG1: a novel biomarker and new therapeutic target. Cell Commun Signal. 2024;22(1):337.","journal-title":"Cell Commun Signal"},{"issue":"6","key":"1603_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"361","DOI":"10.1038\/s41584-024-01109-5","volume":"20","author":"A Aubert","year":"2024","unstructured":"Aubert A, Jung K, Hiroyasu S, Pardo J, Granville DJ. Granzyme serine proteases in inflammation and rheumatic diseases. Nat Rev Rheumatol. 2024;20(6):361\u201376.","journal-title":"Nat Rev Rheumatol"},{"issue":"1","key":"1603_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"99","DOI":"10.1016\/j.immuni.2020.11.005","volume":"54","author":"DA Mogilenko","year":"2021","unstructured":"Mogilenko DA, Shpynov O, Andhey PS, Arthur L, Swain A, Esaulova E, Brioschi S, Shchukina I, Kerndl M, Bambouskova M, et al. Comprehensive profiling of an aging immune system reveals clonal GZMK(+) CD8(+) T cells as conserved hallmark of inflammaging. Immunity. 2021;54(1):99\u2013115.","journal-title":"Immunity"},{"issue":"11","key":"1603_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2287","DOI":"10.1038\/s12276-023-01105-x","volume":"55","author":"CH Koh","year":"2023","unstructured":"Koh CH, Lee S, Kwak M, Kim BS, Chung Y. CD8 T-cell subsets: heterogeneity, functions, and therapeutic potential. Exp Mol Med. 2023;55(11):2287\u201399.","journal-title":"Exp Mol Med"},{"issue":"1","key":"1603_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"19","DOI":"10.1038\/s41590-022-01387-9","volume":"24","author":"A Schnell","year":"2023","unstructured":"Schnell A, Littman DR, Kuchroo VK. T(H)17 cell heterogeneity and its role in tissue inflammation. Nat Immunol. 2023;24(1):19\u201329.","journal-title":"Nat Immunol"},{"issue":"12","key":"1603_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2775","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.2100082","volume":"206","author":"SM Elzein","year":"2021","unstructured":"Elzein SM, Zimmerer JM, Han JL, Ringwald BA, Bumgardner GL. CXCR5(+)CD8(+) T cells: a review of their antibody regulatory functions and clinical correlations. J Immunol. 2021;206(12):2775\u201383.","journal-title":"J Immunol"},{"issue":"11","key":"1603_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e1171","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.0000000000008903","volume":"94","author":"E Cortes-Vicente","year":"2020","unstructured":"Cortes-Vicente E, Alvarez-Velasco R, Segovia S, Paradas C, Casasnovas C, Guerrero-Sola A, Pardo J, Ramos-Fransi A, Sevilla T, de Munain AL, et al. Clinical and therapeutic features of myasthenia gravis in adults based on age at onset. Neurology. 2020;94(11):e1171.","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"issue":"1","key":"1603_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"24","DOI":"10.1038\/nri3567","volume":"14","author":"DL Farber","year":"2014","unstructured":"Farber DL, Yudanin NA, Restifo NP. Human memory T cells: generation, compartmentalization and homeostasis. Nat Rev Immunol. 2014;14(1):24\u201335.","journal-title":"Nat Rev Immunol"},{"key":"1603_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"887","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2019.00887","volume":"10","author":"A Khanniche","year":"2019","unstructured":"Khanniche A, Zhou L, Jiang B, Song J, Jin Y, Yin J, Wang S, Ji P, Shen H, Wang Y, et al. Restored and enhanced memory T cell immunity in rheumatoid arthritis after TNFalpha blocker treatment. Front Immunol. 2019;10:887.","journal-title":"Front Immunol"},{"issue":"2","key":"1603_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"R91","DOI":"10.1186\/ar619","volume":"5","author":"A Maldonado","year":"2003","unstructured":"Maldonado A, Mueller YM, Thomas P, Bojczuk P, O\u2019Connors C, Katsikis PD. Decreased effector memory CD45RA+ CD62L- CD8+ T cells and increased central memory CD45RA- CD62L+ CD8+ T cells in peripheral blood of rheumatoid arthritis patients. Arthritis Res Ther. 2003;5(2):R91-96.","journal-title":"Arthritis Res Ther"},{"issue":"4","key":"1603_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"709","DOI":"10.1007\/s10875-012-9674-3","volume":"32","author":"BA Cho","year":"2012","unstructured":"Cho BA, Sim JH, Park JA, Kim HW, Yoo WH, Lee SH, Lee DS, Kang JS, Hwang YI, Lee WJ, et al. Characterization of effector memory CD8+ T cells in the synovial fluid of rheumatoid arthritis. J Clin Immunol. 2012;32(4):709\u201320.","journal-title":"J Clin Immunol"},{"issue":"5","key":"1603_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2075","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.1501339","volume":"196","author":"Y Cao","year":"2016","unstructured":"Cao Y, Amezquita RA, Kleinstein SH, Stathopoulos P, Nowak RJ, O\u2019Connor KC. Autoreactive T cells from patients with myasthenia gravis are characterized by elevated IL-17, IFN-gamma, and GM-CSF and diminished IL-10 production. J Immunol. 2016;196(5):2075\u201384.","journal-title":"J Immunol"},{"issue":"2","key":"1603_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e535","DOI":"10.1212\/NXI.0000000000000535","volume":"6","author":"N Uchio","year":"2019","unstructured":"Uchio N, Taira K, Ikenaga C, Kadoya M, Unuma A, Yoshida K, Nakatani-Enomoto S, Hatanaka Y, Sakurai Y, Shiio Y, et al. Inflammatory myopathy with myasthenia gravis: thymoma association and polymyositis pathology. Neurol Neuroimmunol Neuroinflamm. 2019;6(2):e535.","journal-title":"Neurol Neuroimmunol Neuroinflamm"},{"issue":"6","key":"1603_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"319","DOI":"10.5414\/NP301382","volume":"40","author":"L Qiao","year":"2021","unstructured":"Qiao L, Zhang Y, Ban R, Lin Y, Pu C, Shi Q. Muscular pathological features in patients with myasthenia gravis. Clin Neuropathol. 2021;40(6):319\u201327.","journal-title":"Clin Neuropathol"},{"issue":"3","key":"1603_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"112236","DOI":"10.1016\/j.celrep.2023.112236","volume":"42","author":"SJ Choi","year":"2023","unstructured":"Choi SJ, Koh JY, Rha MS, Seo IH, Lee H, Jeong S, Park SH, Shin EC. KIR(+)CD8(+) and NKG2A(+)CD8(+) T cells are distinct innate-like populations in humans. Cell Rep. 2023;42(3):112236.","journal-title":"Cell Rep"},{"key":"1603_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1125842","DOI":"10.3389\/fneur.2023.1125842","volume":"14","author":"YD Liu","year":"2023","unstructured":"Liu YD, Tang F, Li XL, Liu YF, Zhang P, Yang CL, Du T, Li H, Wang CC, Liu Y, et al. Type 2 diabetes mellitus as a possible risk factor for myasthenia gravis: a case-control study. Front Neurol. 2023;14:1125842.","journal-title":"Front Neurol"}],"container-title":["Clinical and Experimental Medicine"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s10238-025-01603-4.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s10238-025-01603-4\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s10238-025-01603-4.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,5]],"date-time":"2025-12-05T06:44:49Z","timestamp":1764917089000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s10238-025-01603-4"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,25]]},"references-count":38,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,12]]}},"alternative-id":["1603"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10238-025-01603-4","relation":{},"ISSN":["1591-9528"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1591-9528","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,25]]},"assertion":[{"value":"19 January 2025","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"14 February 2025","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"25 March 2025","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"All experiments were performed in accordance with the Declaration of Helsinki. The research received approval from the Research Ethics Committee of The First Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University and all participants provided written informed consent.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethics approval and consent to participate"}},{"value":"The authors declare no competing interests.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Conflicts of interest"}}],"article-number":"96"}}