{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,9]],"date-time":"2026-10-09T15:11:30Z","timestamp":1791558690208,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":34,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,4]],"date-time":"2025-03-04T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1741046400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,4]],"date-time":"2025-03-04T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1741046400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0"}],"funder":[{"name":"CQMU Program for Youth Innovation in Future Medicine","award":["No. W0172"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["No. W0172"]}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100002858","name":"China Postdoctoral Science Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["No. 2022T150777"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["No. 2022T150777"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100002858","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"name":"Chongqing Special Funding for Postdoctoral Research Projects","award":["No. 2021XM1028"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["No. 2021XM1028"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Clin Exp Med"],"DOI":"10.1007\/s10238-025-01606-1","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,4]],"date-time":"2025-03-04T14:36:36Z","timestamp":1741098996000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["Efficacy and safety analysis of atezolizumab continuation beyond progression in extensive-stage small cell lung cancer"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"25","author":[{"given":"Wenhao","family":"Shi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xiaohui","family":"Bao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jin","family":"Xiong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yanqiao","family":"Wu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jianguo","family":"Sun","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zhi","family":"Xu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dairong","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yang","family":"Wei","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jun","family":"Ge","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Biyong","family":"Ren","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yu","family":"Jiang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kaijin","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yusheng","family":"Huang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zhenzhou","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yuan","family":"Peng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,4]]},"reference":[{"key":"1606_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.1038\/s41572-020-00235-0","volume":"7","author":"CM Rudin","year":"2021","unstructured":"Rudin CM, Brambilla E, Faivre-Finn C, Sage J. Small-cell lung cancer. Nat Rev Dis Primers. 2021;7:3. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41572-020-00235-0.","journal-title":"Nat Rev Dis Primers"},{"key":"1606_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"619","DOI":"10.1200\/jco.20.01055","volume":"39","author":"SV Liu","year":"2021","unstructured":"Liu SV, Reck M, Mansfield AS, Mok T, Scherpereel A, Reinmuth N, et al. Updated overall survival and pd-l1 subgroup analysis of patients with extensive-stage small-cell lung cancer treated with atezolizumab, carboplatin, and etoposide (IMpower133). J Clin Oncol. 2021;39:619\u201330. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1200\/jco.20.01055.","journal-title":"J Clin Oncol"},{"key":"1606_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"51","DOI":"10.1016\/s1470-2045(20)30539-8","volume":"22","author":"JW Goldman","year":"2021","unstructured":"Goldman JW, Dvorkin M, Chen Y, Reinmuth N, Hotta K, Trukhin D, et al. Durvalumab, with or without tremelimumab, plus platinum-etoposide versus platinum-etoposide alone in first-line treatment of extensive-stage small-cell lung cancer (CASPIAN): updated results from a randomised, controlled, open-label, phase 3 trial. Lancet Oncol. 2021;22:51\u201365. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/s1470-2045(20)30539-8.","journal-title":"Lancet Oncol"},{"key":"1606_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1223","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2022.16464","volume":"328","author":"Y Cheng","year":"2022","unstructured":"Cheng Y, Han L, Wu L, Chen J, Sun H, Wen G, et al. Effect of first-line serplulimab vs placebo added to chemotherapy on survival in patients with extensive-stage small cell lung cancer: the astrum-005 randomized clinical trial. JAMA. 2022;328:1223\u201332. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1001\/jama.2022.16464.","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"1606_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"348","DOI":"10.1097\/01.Jto.0000263720.15062.51","volume":"2","author":"S Cheng","year":"2007","unstructured":"Cheng S, Evans WK, Stys-Norman D, Shepherd FA. Chemotherapy for relapsed small cell lung cancer: a systematic review and practice guideline. J Thorac Oncol. 2007;2:348\u201354. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/01.Jto.0000263720.15062.51.","journal-title":"J Thorac Oncol"},{"key":"1606_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"249","DOI":"10.6004\/jnccn.2204.0023","volume":"22","author":"GJ Riely","year":"2024","unstructured":"Riely GJ, Wood DE, Ettinger DS, Aisner DL, Akerley W, Bauman JR, et al. Non-small cell lung cancer, version 4.2024, nccn clinical practice guidelines in oncology. J Natl Compr Canc Netw. 2024;22:249\u201374. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.6004\/jnccn.2204.0023.","journal-title":"J Natl Compr Canc Netw."},{"key":"1606_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"323","DOI":"10.6004\/jnccn.2008.0027","volume":"6","author":"BJ Schneider","year":"2008","unstructured":"Schneider BJ. Management of recurrent small cell lung cancer. J Natl Compr Canc Netw. 2008;6:323\u201331. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.6004\/jnccn.2008.0027.","journal-title":"J Natl Compr Canc Netw"},{"key":"1606_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"986","DOI":"10.1634\/theoncologist.2009-0026","volume":"14","author":"JL Hurwitz","year":"2009","unstructured":"Hurwitz JL, McCoy F, Scullin P, Fennell DA. New advances in the second-line treatment of small cell lung cancer. Oncologist. 2009;14:986\u201394. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1634\/theoncologist.2009-0026.","journal-title":"Oncologist"},{"key":"1606_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"116","DOI":"10.1016\/j.lungcan.2023.02.002","volume":"178","author":"E Auclin","year":"2023","unstructured":"Auclin E, Benitez-Montanez J, Tagliamento M, Parisi F, Gorria T, Garcia-Campelo R, et al. Second-line treatment outcomes after progression from first-line chemotherapy plus immunotherapy in patients with advanced non-small cell lung cancer. Lung Cancer. 2023;178:116\u201322. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.lungcan.2023.02.002.","journal-title":"Lung Cancer"},{"key":"1606_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"331","DOI":"10.1007\/s40257-022-00681-4","volume":"23","author":"F Aroldi","year":"2022","unstructured":"Aroldi F, Middleton MR. Long-term outcomes of immune checkpoint inhibition in metastatic melanoma. Am J Clin Dermatol. 2022;23:331\u20138. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s40257-022-00681-4.","journal-title":"Am J Clin Dermatol"},{"key":"1606_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1309055","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2023.1309055","volume":"14","author":"H Zhang","year":"2023","unstructured":"Zhang H, Hu Y, Wu T, Chen Y, Yang B, Xie T. Clinical characteristics and novel strategies of immune checkpoint inhibitor rechallenge therapy for non-small cell lung cancer: a comprehensive review. Front Immunol. 2023;14:1309055. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fimmu.2023.1309055.","journal-title":"Front Immunol"},{"key":"1606_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1606","DOI":"10.1001\/jamaoncol.2020.2169","volume":"6","author":"P Ravi","year":"2020","unstructured":"Ravi P, Mantia C, Su C, Sorenson K, Elhag D, Rathi N, et al. Evaluation of the safety and efficacy of immunotherapy rechallenge in patients with renal cell carcinoma. JAMA Oncol. 2020;6:1606\u201310. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1001\/jamaoncol.2020.2169.","journal-title":"JAMA Oncol"},{"key":"1606_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2232","DOI":"10.1158\/1078-0432.Ccr-12-3080","volume":"19","author":"C Robert","year":"2013","unstructured":"Robert C, Schadendorf D, Messina M, Hodi FS, O\u2019Day S. Efficacy and safety of retreatment with ipilimumab in patients with pretreated advanced melanoma who progressed after initially achieving disease control. Clin Cancer Res. 2013;19:2232\u20139. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1158\/1078-0432.Ccr-12-3080.","journal-title":"Clin Cancer Res"},{"key":"1606_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"571","DOI":"10.1038\/nrclinonc.2013.158","volume":"10","author":"EA Kuczynski","year":"2013","unstructured":"Kuczynski EA, Sargent DJ, Grothey A, Kerbel RS. Drug rechallenge and treatment beyond progression\u2013implications for drug resistance. Nat Rev Clin Oncol. 2013;10:571\u201387. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/nrclinonc.2013.158.","journal-title":"Nat Rev Clin Oncol"},{"key":"1606_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"389","DOI":"10.1038\/s41591-019-0382-x","volume":"25","author":"TE Keenan","year":"2019","unstructured":"Keenan TE, Burke KP, Van Allen EM. Genomic correlates of response to immune checkpoint blockade. Nat Med. 2019;25:389\u2013402. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41591-019-0382-x.","journal-title":"Nat Med"},{"key":"1606_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"827","DOI":"10.1158\/2159-8290.Cd-15-1545","volume":"6","author":"PL Chen","year":"2016","unstructured":"Chen PL, Roh W, Reuben A, Cooper ZA, Spencer CN, Prieto PA, et al. Analysis of immune signatures in longitudinal tumor samples yields insight into biomarkers of response and mechanisms of resistance to immune checkpoint blockade. Cancer Discov. 2016;6:827\u201337. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1158\/2159-8290.Cd-15-1545.","journal-title":"Cancer Discov"},{"key":"1606_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1093","DOI":"10.1158\/2326-6066.Cir-17-0755","volume":"6","author":"FC Santini","year":"2018","unstructured":"Santini FC, Rizvi H, Plodkowski AJ, Ni A, Lacouture ME, Gambarin-Gelwan M, et al. Safety and efficacy of re-treating with immunotherapy after immune-related adverse events in patients with NSCLC. Cancer Immunol Res. 2018;6:1093\u20139. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1158\/2326-6066.Cir-17-0755.","journal-title":"Cancer Immunol Res"},{"key":"1606_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1095","DOI":"10.1007\/s11912-022-01241-z","volume":"24","author":"C Plazy","year":"2022","unstructured":"Plazy C, Hannani D, Gobbini E. Immune checkpoint inhibitor rechallenge and resumption: a systematic review. Curr Oncol Rep. 2022;24:1095\u2013106. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s11912-022-01241-z.","journal-title":"Curr Oncol Rep"},{"key":"1606_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1183","DOI":"10.2217\/imt-2020-0103","volume":"12","author":"R Park","year":"2020","unstructured":"Park R, Lopes L, Saeed A. Outcomes following immunotherapy re-challenge after immune-related adverse event: systematic review and meta-analysis. Immunotherapy. 2020;12:1183\u201393. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2217\/imt-2020-0103.","journal-title":"Immunotherapy"},{"key":"1606_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1927","DOI":"10.1111\/1759-7714.13483","volume":"11","author":"S Kitagawa","year":"2020","unstructured":"Kitagawa S, Hakozaki T, Kitadai R, Hosomi Y. Switching administration of anti-PD-1 and anti-PD-L1 antibodies as immune checkpoint inhibitor rechallenge in individuals with advanced non-small cell lung cancer: case series and literature review. Thorac Cancer. 2020;11:1927\u201333. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/1759-7714.13483.","journal-title":"Thorac Cancer"},{"key":"1606_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"865","DOI":"10.1001\/jamaoncol.2020.0726","volume":"6","author":"C Dolladille","year":"2020","unstructured":"Dolladille C, Ederhy S, Sassier M, Cautela J, Thuny F, Cohen AA, et al. Immune checkpoint inhibitor rechallenge after immune-related adverse events in patients with cancer. JAMA Oncol. 2020;6:865\u201371. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1001\/jamaoncol.2020.0726.","journal-title":"JAMA Oncol"},{"key":"1606_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1721","DOI":"10.1038\/bjc.2014.126","volume":"110","author":"V Chiarion-Sileni","year":"2014","unstructured":"Chiarion-Sileni V, Pigozzo J, Ascierto PA, Simeone E, Maio M, Calabr\u00f2 L, et al. Ipilimumab retreatment in patients with pretreated advanced melanoma: the expanded access programme in Italy. Br J Cancer. 2014;110:1721\u20136. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/bjc.2014.126.","journal-title":"Br J Cancer"},{"key":"1606_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/jitc-2019-000144","author":"S Abou Alaiwi","year":"2020","unstructured":"Abou Alaiwi S, Xie W, Nassar AH, Dudani S, Martini D, Bakouny Z, et al. Safety and efficacy of restarting immune checkpoint inhibitors after clinically significant immune-related adverse events in metastatic renal cell carcinoma. J Immunother Cancer. 2020. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/jitc-2019-000144.","journal-title":"J Immunother Cancer"},{"key":"1606_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"99","DOI":"10.1016\/j.lungcan.2019.12.017","volume":"140","author":"M Giaj Levra","year":"2020","unstructured":"Giaj Levra M, Cott\u00e9 FE, Corre R, Calvet C, Gaudin AF, Penrod JR, et al. Immunotherapy rechallenge after nivolumab treatment in advanced non-small cell lung cancer in the real-world setting: a national data base analysis. Lung Cancer. 2020;140:99\u2013106. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.lungcan.2019.12.017.","journal-title":"Lung Cancer"},{"key":"1606_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3449660","DOI":"10.1155\/2022\/3449660","volume":"2022","author":"C Vauchier","year":"2022","unstructured":"Vauchier C, Auclin E, Barth\u00e9l\u00e9my P, Carril-Ajuria L, Ryckewaert T, Borchiellini D, et al. REchallenge of NIVOlumab (RENIVO) or nivolumab-ipilimumab in metastatic renal cell carcinoma: an ambispective multicenter study. J Oncol. 2022;2022:3449660. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1155\/2022\/3449660.","journal-title":"J Oncol"},{"key":"1606_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"32298","DOI":"10.18632\/oncotarget.25949","volume":"9","author":"M Niki","year":"2018","unstructured":"Niki M, Nakaya A, Kurata T, Yoshioka H, Kaneda T, Kibata K, et al. Immune checkpoint inhibitor re-challenge in patients with advanced non-small cell lung cancer. Oncotarget. 2018;9:32298\u2013304. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.18632\/oncotarget.25949.","journal-title":"Oncotarget"},{"key":"1606_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/biomedicines12061291","author":"MD Velimirovici","year":"2024","unstructured":"Velimirovici MD, Feier CVI, Vonica RC, Faur AM, Muntean C. Efficacy and safety of atezolizumab as a PD-L1 inhibitor in the treatment of cervical cancer: a systematic review. Biomedicines. 2024. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/biomedicines12061291.","journal-title":"Biomedicines"},{"key":"1606_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.euf.2024.05.007","author":"CN Sternberg","year":"2024","unstructured":"Sternberg CN, Loriot Y, Choy E, Castellano D, Lopez-Rios F, Banna GL, et al. Final results from SAUL, a single-arm international study of atezolizumab in unselected patients with pretreated locally advanced\/metastatic urinary tract carcinoma. Eur Urol Focus. 2024. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.euf.2024.05.007.","journal-title":"Eur Urol Focus"},{"key":"1606_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1751","DOI":"10.1111\/liv.15918","volume":"44","author":"M Moriguchi","year":"2024","unstructured":"Moriguchi M, Okuda K, Horiguchi G, Kataoka S, Seko Y, Yamaguchi K, et al. Safety\/efficacy of atezolizumab + bevacizumab during anti-platelet\/anticoagulation therapy in unresectable hepatocellular carcinoma. Liver Int. 2024;44:1751\u201361. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/liv.15918.","journal-title":"Liver Int"},{"key":"1606_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.lungcan.2024.107843","volume":"193","author":"L Amari","year":"2024","unstructured":"Amari L, Tomasini P, Dantony E, Rousseau-Bussac G, Ricordel C, Bigay-Game L, et al. Safety and patient-reported outcomes of atezolizumab plus chemotherapy with or without bevacizumab in stage IIIB\/IV non-squamous non-small cell lung cancer with EGFR mutation, ALK rearrangement or ROS1 fusion progressing after targeted therapies (GFPC 06\u20132018 study). Lung Cancer. 2024;193: 107843. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.lungcan.2024.107843.","journal-title":"Lung Cancer"},{"key":"1606_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"497","DOI":"10.1111\/1759-7714.14279","volume":"13","author":"Y Yao","year":"2022","unstructured":"Yao Y, Liu Z, Li Q, Cao B, Wang M. Successful immune checkpoint inhibitor-based rechallenge in a patient with advanced esophageal squamous cell cancer: a case report. Thorac Cancer. 2022;13:497\u2013501. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/1759-7714.14279.","journal-title":"Thorac Cancer"},{"key":"1606_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1555","DOI":"10.21037\/tlcr-22-140","volume":"11","author":"Z Cai","year":"2022","unstructured":"Cai Z, Zhan P, Song Y, Liu H, Lv T. Safety and efficacy of retreatment with immune checkpoint inhibitors in non-small cell lung cancer: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Transl Lung Cancer Res. 2022;11:1555\u201366. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.21037\/tlcr-22-140.","journal-title":"Transl Lung Cancer Res"},{"key":"1606_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"762","DOI":"10.1093\/jjco\/hyz066","volume":"49","author":"H Watanabe","year":"2019","unstructured":"Watanabe H, Kubo T, Ninomiya K, Kudo K, Minami D, Murakami E, et al. The effect and safety of immune checkpoint inhibitor rechallenge in non-small cell lung cancer. Jpn J Clin Oncol. 2019;49:762\u20135. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/jjco\/hyz066.","journal-title":"Jpn J Clin Oncol"},{"key":"1606_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/cancers11040580","author":"SY Liu","year":"2019","unstructured":"Liu SY, Huang WC, Yeh HI, Ko CC, Shieh HR, Hung CL, et al. Sequential blockade of PD-1 and PD-L1 causes fulminant cardiotoxicity-from case report to mouse model validation. Cancers (Basel). 2019. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/cancers11040580.","journal-title":"Cancers (Basel)"}],"container-title":["Clinical and Experimental Medicine"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s10238-025-01606-1.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s10238-025-01606-1\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s10238-025-01606-1.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,5]],"date-time":"2025-12-05T06:45:01Z","timestamp":1764917101000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s10238-025-01606-1"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,4]]},"references-count":34,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,12]]}},"alternative-id":["1606"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10238-025-01606-1","relation":{},"ISSN":["1591-9528"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1591-9528","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,4]]},"assertion":[{"value":"3 December 2024","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"18 February 2025","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"4 March 2025","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"The authors declare no competing interests.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Conflict of interest"}},{"value":"This study was approved by the Ethics Committee of The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University. Clinical trial number: No: 63, Date: 2024. This waiver was granted because it is an ethics committee-approved retrospective study, all patient information was deidentified and patient consent was not required.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethics Approval and Consent to Participate"}},{"value":"Not applicable.","order":4,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Consent to Publish"}},{"value":"Data generated and\/or analyzed during the study are available from the authors upon request.","order":5,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Data availability"}}],"article-number":"71"}}