{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,20]],"date-time":"2026-10-20T13:01:22Z","timestamp":1792501282359,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":59,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,18]],"date-time":"2025-11-18T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1763424000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,18]],"date-time":"2025-11-18T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1763424000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003453","name":"Natural Science Foundation of Guangdong Province","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["2018A030313069"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2018A030313069"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003453","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Clin Exp Med"],"DOI":"10.1007\/s10238-025-01919-1","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,18]],"date-time":"2025-11-18T02:30:04Z","timestamp":1763433004000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Decoding intratumoral cyclooxygenase-2 signaling through multi-omics: insights from esophageal cancer and beyond"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"26","author":[{"given":"Xiao-Yu","family":"Zhuang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Da-Ming","family":"Xu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jun-Nan","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xiao-Yu","family":"Huang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shao-Ping","family":"Wu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yong-Fa","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0001-3397-2514","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Xin-Hua","family":"He","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,18]]},"reference":[{"issue":"2","key":"1919_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"254","DOI":"10.1200\/JCO.2005.09.112","volume":"23","author":"AJ Dannenberg","year":"2005","unstructured":"Dannenberg AJ, Lippman SM, Mann JR, Subbaramaiah K, DuBois RN. Cyclooxygenase-2 and epidermal growth factor receptor: pharmacologic targets for chemoprevention. J Clin Oncol. 2005;23(2):254\u201366.","journal-title":"J Clin Oncol"},{"issue":"5","key":"1919_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5683","DOI":"10.1002\/jcp.27411","volume":"234","author":"N Hashemi Goradel","year":"2019","unstructured":"Hashemi Goradel N, Najafi M, Salehi E, Farhood B, Mortezaee K. Cyclooxygenase-2 in cancer: a review. J Cell Physiol. 2019;234(5):5683\u201399.","journal-title":"J Cell Physiol"},{"key":"1919_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bcp.2024.116259","volume":"228","author":"KS Chun","year":"2024","unstructured":"Chun KS, Kim EH, Kim DH, et al. Targeting cyclooxygenase-2 for chemoprevention of inflammation-associated intestinal carcinogenesis: an update. Biochem Pharmacol. 2024;228:116259.","journal-title":"Biochem Pharmacol"},{"issue":"6","key":"1919_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1172\/jci.insight.156057","volume":"8","author":"K Balamurugan","year":"2023","unstructured":"Balamurugan K, Poria DK, Sehareen SW, et al. Stabilization of E-cadherin adhesions by COX-2\/GSK3\u03b2 signaling is a targetable pathway in metastatic breast cancer. JCI Insight. 2023;8(6):e156057.","journal-title":"JCI Insight"},{"issue":"4","key":"1919_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"538","DOI":"10.1038\/s12276-020-0412-2","volume":"52","author":"H Moon","year":"2020","unstructured":"Moon H, White AC, Borowsky AD. New insights into the functions of Cox-2 in skin and esophageal malignancies. Exp Mol Med. 2020;52(4):538\u201347.","journal-title":"Exp Mol Med"},{"issue":"8","key":"1919_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1221","DOI":"10.1002\/cncr.32010","volume":"125","author":"GP Nagaraju","year":"2019","unstructured":"Nagaraju GP, El-Rayes BF. Cyclooxygenase-2 in gastrointestinal malignancies. Cancer. 2019;125(8):1221\u20137.","journal-title":"Cancer"},{"issue":"8","key":"1919_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"975","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cellsig.2004.11.015","volume":"17","author":"ML Sheu","year":"2005","unstructured":"Sheu ML, Chao KF, Sung YJ, Lin WW, Lin-Shiau SY, Liu SH. Activation of phosphoinositide 3-kinase in response to inflammation and nitric oxide leads to the up-regulation of cyclooxygenase-2 expression and subsequent cell proliferation in mesangial cells. Cell Signal. 2005;17(8):975\u201384.","journal-title":"Cell Signal"},{"issue":"3","key":"1919_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/cam4.6986","volume":"13","author":"MV Kamal","year":"2024","unstructured":"Kamal MV, Damerla RR, Parida P, et al. Expression of PTGS2 along with genes regulating VEGF signalling pathway and association with high-risk factors in locally advanced oral squamous cell carcinoma. Cancer Med. 2024;13(3):e6986.","journal-title":"Cancer Med"},{"key":"1919_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"38","DOI":"10.1016\/j.semcancer.2020.01.002","volume":"65","author":"MM Wattenberg","year":"2020","unstructured":"Wattenberg MM, Beatty GL. Overcoming immunotherapeutic resistance by targeting the cancer inflammation cycle. Semin Cancer Biol. 2020;65:38\u201350.","journal-title":"Semin Cancer Biol"},{"issue":"2","key":"1919_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"137","DOI":"10.1620\/tjem.223.137","volume":"223","author":"Y Liang","year":"2011","unstructured":"Liang Y, Liu JL, Wu Y, Zhang ZY, Wu R. Cyclooxygenase-2 polymorphisms and susceptibility to esophageal cancer: a meta-analysis. Tohoku J Exp Med. 2011;223(2):137\u201344.","journal-title":"Tohoku J Exp Med"},{"issue":"3","key":"1919_CR11","first-page":"209","volume":"71","author":"H Sung","year":"2021","unstructured":"Sung H, Ferlay J, Siegel RL, et al. Global cancer statistics 2020: GLOBOCAN estimates of incidence and mortality worldwide for 36 cancers in 185 countries. CA Cancer J Clin. 2021;71(3):209\u201349.","journal-title":"CA Cancer J Clin"},{"issue":"7","key":"1919_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"749","DOI":"10.1586\/17474124.2014.913478","volume":"8","author":"KE O'Sullivan","year":"2014","unstructured":"O\u2019Sullivan KE, Phelan JJ, O\u2019Hanlon C, Lysaght J, O\u2019Sullivan JN, Reynolds JV. The role of inflammation in cancer of the esophagus. Expert Rev Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2014;8(7):749\u201360.","journal-title":"Expert Rev Gastroenterol Hepatol"},{"key":"1919_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"87","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-030-50224-9_6","volume":"1277","author":"Y Zhang","year":"2020","unstructured":"Zhang Y, Tighe S, Zhu YT. COX-2 Signaling in the Tumor Microenvironment. Adv Exp Med Biol. 2020;1277:87\u2013104.","journal-title":"Adv Exp Med Biol"},{"issue":"1","key":"1919_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"401","DOI":"10.1038\/s41420-024-02169-y","volume":"10","author":"L Miao","year":"2024","unstructured":"Miao L, Yu C, Guan G, et al. Extracellular vesicles containing GAS6 protect the liver from ischemia-reperfusion injury by enhancing macrophage efferocytosis via MerTK-ERK-COX2 signaling. Cell Death Discov. 2024;10(1):401. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41420-024-02169-y.","journal-title":"Cell Death Discov"},{"issue":"1","key":"1919_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5291","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-021-25539-x","volume":"12","author":"X Zhang","year":"2021","unstructured":"Zhang X, Peng L, Luo Y, et al. Dissecting esophageal squamous-cell carcinoma ecosystem by single-cell transcriptomic analysis. Nat Commun. 2021;12(1):5291.","journal-title":"Nat Commun"},{"issue":"5","key":"1919_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms22052622","volume":"22","author":"\u00c1 Bartha","year":"2021","unstructured":"Bartha \u00c1, Gy\u0151rffy B. TNMplot.com: a web tool for the comparison of gene expression in normal, tumor and metastatic tissues. Int J Mol Sci. 2021;22(5):2622.","journal-title":"Int J Mol Sci"},{"issue":"1","key":"1919_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1523","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-019-09234-6","volume":"10","author":"Y Zhou","year":"2019","unstructured":"Zhou Y, Zhou B, Pache L, et al. Metascape provides a biologist-oriented resource for the analysis of systems-level datasets. Nat Commun. 2019;10(1):1523.","journal-title":"Nat Commun"},{"issue":"1","key":"1919_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"27","DOI":"10.1093\/nar\/28.1.27","volume":"28","author":"M Kanehisa","year":"2000","unstructured":"Kanehisa M, Goto S. KEGG: kyoto encyclopedia of genes and genomes. Nucleic Acids Res. 2000;28(1):27\u201330.","journal-title":"Nucleic Acids Res"},{"issue":"6","key":"1919_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"417","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cels.2015.12.004","volume":"1","author":"A Liberzon","year":"2015","unstructured":"Liberzon A, Birger C, Thorvaldsd\u00f3ttir H, Ghandi M, Mesirov JP, Tamayo P. The molecular signatures database (MSigDB) hallmark gene set collection. Cell Syst. 2015;1(6):417\u201325.","journal-title":"Cell Syst"},{"issue":"1","key":"1919_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"20","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-017-02391-6","volume":"9","author":"M Schubert","year":"2018","unstructured":"Schubert M, Klinger B, Kl\u00fcnemann M, et al. Perturbation-response genes reveal signaling footprints in cancer gene expression. Nat Commun. 2018;9(1):20.","journal-title":"Nat Commun"},{"issue":"D1","key":"1919_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"D900","DOI":"10.1093\/nar\/gky939","volume":"47","author":"H Yuan","year":"2019","unstructured":"Yuan H, Yan M, Zhang G, et al. CancerSEA: a cancer single-cell state atlas. Nucleic Acids Res. 2019;47(D1):D900\u20138.","journal-title":"Nucleic Acids Res"},{"issue":"W1","key":"1919_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"W509","DOI":"10.1093\/nar\/gkaa407","volume":"48","author":"T Li","year":"2020","unstructured":"Li T, Fu J, Zeng Z, et al. TIMER2.0 for analysis of tumor-infiltrating immune cells. Nucleic Acids Res. 2020;48(W1):W509\u201314.","journal-title":"Nucleic Acids Res"},{"issue":"4","key":"1919_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"782","DOI":"10.1016\/j.immuni.2013.10.003","volume":"39","author":"G Bindea","year":"2013","unstructured":"Bindea G, Mlecnik B, Tosolini M, et al. Spatiotemporal dynamics of intratumoral immune cells reveal the immune landscape in human cancer. Immunity. 2013;39(4):782\u201395.","journal-title":"Immunity"},{"issue":"D1","key":"1919_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"D1425","DOI":"10.1093\/nar\/gkac959","volume":"51","author":"Y Han","year":"2023","unstructured":"Han Y, Wang Y, Dong X, et al. TISCH2: expanded datasets and new tools for single-cell transcriptome analyses of the tumor microenvironment. Nucleic Acids Res. 2023;51(D1):D1425\u201331.","journal-title":"Nucleic Acids Res"},{"key":"1919_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Yang W, Soares J, Greninger P, et al. Genomics of Drug Sensitivity in Cancer (GDSC): a resource for therapeutic biomarker discovery in cancer cells. Nucleic Acids Res. 2013;41(Database issue):D955-D961.","DOI":"10.1093\/nar\/gks1111"},{"issue":"5","key":"1919_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1151","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2013.08.003","volume":"154","author":"A Basu","year":"2013","unstructured":"Basu A, Bodycombe NE, Cheah JH, et al. An interactive resource to identify cancer genetic and lineage dependencies targeted by small molecules. Cell. 2013;154(5):1151\u201361.","journal-title":"Cell"},{"issue":"16","key":"1919_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2485","DOI":"10.1093\/bioinformatics\/btab003","volume":"37","author":"J Alquicira-Hernandez","year":"2021","unstructured":"Alquicira-Hernandez J, Powell JE. Nebulosa recovers single-cell gene expression signals by kernel density estimation. Bioinformatics. 2021;37(16):2485\u20137.","journal-title":"Bioinformatics"},{"issue":"8","key":"1919_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1210","DOI":"10.1158\/0008-5472.CAN-23-2650","volume":"84","author":"J Shi","year":"2024","unstructured":"Shi J, Wei X, Xun Z, et al. The web-based portal SpatialTME integrates histological images with single-cell and spatial transcriptomics to explore the tumor microenvironment. Cancer Res. 2024;84(8):1210\u201320.","journal-title":"Cancer Res"},{"issue":"6","key":"1919_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"385","DOI":"10.1016\/j.molmed.2015.04.001","volume":"21","author":"K Shostak","year":"2015","unstructured":"Shostak K, Chariot A. EGFR and NF-\u03baB: partners in cancer. Trends Mol Med. 2015;21(6):385\u201393.","journal-title":"Trends Mol Med"},{"issue":"8","key":"1919_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms18081619","volume":"18","author":"Z Wang","year":"2017","unstructured":"Wang Z, Li MY, Mi C, Wang KS, Ma J, Jin X. Mollugin has an anti-cancer therapeutic effect by inhibiting TNF-\u03b1-induced NF-\u03baB activation. Int J Mol Sci. 2017;18(8):1619.","journal-title":"Int J Mol Sci"},{"issue":"10","key":"1919_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3346","DOI":"10.1002\/cam4.3832","volume":"10","author":"J Shi","year":"2021","unstructured":"Shi J, Song S, Li S, Zhang K, Lan Y, Li Y. TNF-\u03b1\/NF-\u03baB signaling epigenetically represses PSD4 transcription to promote alcohol-related hepatocellular carcinoma progression. Cancer Med. 2021;10(10):3346\u201357.","journal-title":"Cancer Med"},{"issue":"1","key":"1919_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"402","DOI":"10.1038\/s41392-023-01620-3","volume":"8","author":"L Huangfu","year":"2023","unstructured":"Huangfu L, Li R, Huang Y, Wang S. The IL-17 family in diseases: from bench to bedside. Signal Transduct Target Ther. 2023;8(1):402.","journal-title":"Signal Transduct Target Ther"},{"key":"1919_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"36","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cca.2021.08.007","volume":"522","author":"W Li","year":"2021","unstructured":"Li W, Zhang Z, Wang B, Liang N, Zhou Q, Long S. Microrna and cyclooxygenase-2 in breast cancer. Clin Chim Acta. 2021;522:36\u201344.","journal-title":"Clin Chim Acta"},{"issue":"8","key":"1919_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1095","DOI":"10.7150\/ijms.44439","volume":"17","author":"J Sheng","year":"2020","unstructured":"Sheng J, Sun H, Yu FB, Li B, Zhang Y, Zhu YT. The role of cyclooxygenase-2 in colorectal cancer. Int J Med Sci. 2020;17(8):1095\u2013101.","journal-title":"Int J Med Sci"},{"issue":"3","key":"1919_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"265","DOI":"10.1002\/mc.23150","volume":"59","author":"Y Zhu","year":"2020","unstructured":"Zhu Y, Shi C, Zeng L, et al. High COX-2 expression in cancer-associated fibiroblasts contributes to poor survival and promotes migration and invasiveness in nasopharyngeal carcinoma. Mol Carcinog. 2020;59(3):265\u201380.","journal-title":"Mol Carcinog"},{"issue":"11","key":"1919_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms25116103","volume":"25","author":"LL Coutinho","year":"2024","unstructured":"Coutinho LL, Femino EL, Gonzalez AL, et al. NOS2 and COX-2 co-expression promotes cancer progression: a potential target for developing agents to prevent or treat highly aggressive breast cancer. Int J Mol Sci. 2024;25(11):6103.","journal-title":"Int J Mol Sci"},{"issue":"1","key":"1919_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"470","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-017-00288-4","volume":"7","author":"H Hu","year":"2017","unstructured":"Hu H, Han T, Zhuo M, et al. Elevated COX-2 expression promotes angiogenesis through EGFR\/p38-MAPK\/Sp1-dependent signalling in pancreatic cancer. Sci Rep. 2017;7(1):470.","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"issue":"18","key":"1919_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3622","DOI":"10.2174\/0929867327999200917150939","volume":"28","author":"J Cui","year":"2021","unstructured":"Cui J, Jia J. Natural COX-2 inhibitors as promising anti-inflammatory agents: an update. Curr Med Chem. 2021;28(18):3622\u201346. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2174\/0929867327999200917150939.","journal-title":"Curr Med Chem"},{"issue":"11","key":"1919_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4413","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules28114413","volume":"28","author":"SS Sohrab","year":"2023","unstructured":"Sohrab SS, Raj R, Nagar A, et al. Chronic inflammation\u2019s transformation to cancer: a nanotherapeutic paradigm. Molecules. 2023;28(11):4413.","journal-title":"Molecules"},{"key":"1919_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.lfs.2023.122390","volume":"338","author":"Q Fernandes","year":"2024","unstructured":"Fernandes Q, Inchakalody VP, Bedhiafi T, et al. Chronic inflammation and cancer; the two sides of a coin. Life Sci. 2024;338:122390.","journal-title":"Life Sci"},{"issue":"1","key":"1919_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"123","DOI":"10.1038\/s41420-025-02403-1","volume":"11","author":"Y Shi","year":"2025","unstructured":"Shi Y, Zhang H, Miao C. Metabolic reprogram and T cell differentiation in inflammation: current evidence and future perspectives. Cell Death Discov. 2025;11(1):123. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41420-025-02403-1.","journal-title":"Cell Death Discov"},{"issue":"18","key":"1919_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2156","DOI":"10.2174\/1381612827666210303143442","volume":"27","author":"LJB Malhab","year":"2021","unstructured":"Malhab LJB, Saber-Ayad MM, Al-Hakm R, et al. Chronic inflammation and cancer: the role of endothelial dysfunction and vascular inflammation. Curr Pharm Des. 2021;27(18):2156\u201369.","journal-title":"Curr Pharm Des"},{"issue":"5","key":"1919_CR43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"309","DOI":"10.1038\/nri.2017.142","volume":"18","author":"K Taniguchi","year":"2018","unstructured":"Taniguchi K, Karin M. NF-\u03baB, inflammation, immunity and cancer: coming of age. Nat Rev Immunol. 2018;18(5):309\u201324.","journal-title":"Nat Rev Immunol"},{"issue":"1","key":"1919_CR44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"177","DOI":"10.1186\/s13046-019-1168-1","volume":"38","author":"S Li","year":"2019","unstructured":"Li S, Cong X, Gao H, et al. Tumor-associated neutrophils induce EMT by IL-17a to promote migration and invasion in gastric cancer cells. J Exp Clin Cancer Res. 2019;38(1):177.","journal-title":"J Exp Clin Cancer Res"},{"issue":"1","key":"1919_CR45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"7","DOI":"10.1016\/j.canlet.2010.03.015","volume":"295","author":"WK Wu","year":"2010","unstructured":"Wu WK, Sung JJ, Lee CW, Yu J, Cho CH. Cyclooxygenase-2 in tumorigenesis of gastrointestinal cancers: an update on the molecular mechanisms. Cancer Lett. 2010;295(1):7\u201316.","journal-title":"Cancer Lett"},{"issue":"3","key":"1919_CR46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"903","DOI":"10.3892\/ol.2013.1130","volume":"5","author":"S Shibata-Kobayashi","year":"2013","unstructured":"Shibata-Kobayashi S, Yamashita H, Okuma K, et al. Correlation among 16 biological factors [p53, p21(waf1), MIB-1 (Ki-67), p16(INK4A), cyclin D1, E-cadherin, Bcl-2, TNF-\u03b1, NF-\u03baB, TGF-\u03b2, MMP-7, COX-2, EGFR, HER2\/neu, ER, and HIF-1\u03b1] and clinical outcomes following curative chemoradiation therapy in 10 patients with esophageal squamous cell carcinoma. Oncol Lett. 2013;5(3):903\u201310.","journal-title":"Oncol Lett"},{"issue":"14","key":"1919_CR47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5004","DOI":"10.1158\/0008-5472.CAN-04-0206","volume":"64","author":"S Shishodia","year":"2004","unstructured":"Shishodia S, Aggarwal BB. Cyclooxygenase (COX)-2 inhibitor celecoxib abrogates activation of cigarette smoke-induced nuclear factor (NF)-kappab by suppressing activation of IkappaBalpha kinase in human non-small cell lung carcinoma: correlation with suppression of cyclin D1, COX-2, and matrix metalloproteinase-9. Cancer Res. 2004;64(14):5004\u201312.","journal-title":"Cancer Res"},{"issue":"1","key":"1919_CR48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s13045-023-01478-6","volume":"16","author":"M Li","year":"2023","unstructured":"Li M, Yang Y, Xiong L, Jiang P, Wang J, Li C. Metabolism, metabolites, and macrophages in cancer. J Hematol Oncol. 2023;16(1):80.","journal-title":"J Hematol Oncol"},{"issue":"1","key":"1919_CR49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41420-023-01356-7","volume":"9","author":"H Zheng","year":"2023","unstructured":"Zheng H, Peng X, Yang S, et al. Targeting tumor-associated macrophages in hepatocellular carcinoma: biology, strategy, and immunotherapy. Cell Death Discov. 2023;9(1):65. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41420-023-01356-7.","journal-title":"Cell Death Discov"},{"key":"1919_CR50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"93","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev-pathmechdis-012418-013058","volume":"16","author":"S Ugel","year":"2021","unstructured":"Ugel S, Can\u00e8 S, De Sanctis F, Bronte V. Monocytes in the tumor microenvironment. Annu Rev Pathol. 2021;16:93\u2013122.","journal-title":"Annu Rev Pathol"},{"key":"1919_CR51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"159","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-030-49270-0_9","volume":"1273","author":"A Aponte-L\u00f3pez","year":"2020","unstructured":"Aponte-L\u00f3pez A, Mu\u00f1oz-Cruz S. Mast Cells in the Tumor Microenvironment. Adv Exp Med Biol. 2020;1273:159\u201373.","journal-title":"Adv Exp Med Biol"},{"issue":"9","key":"1919_CR52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/cancers11091270","volume":"11","author":"A Argentiero","year":"2019","unstructured":"Argentiero A, Solimando AG, Brunetti O, et al. Skeletal metastases of unknown primary: biological landscape and clinical overview. Cancers (Basel). 2019;11(9):1270. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/cancers11091270.","journal-title":"Cancers (Basel)"},{"issue":"4","key":"1919_CR53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"598","DOI":"10.1016\/j.drudis.2015.12.003","volume":"21","author":"M Regulski","year":"2016","unstructured":"Regulski M, Regulska K, Pruka\u0142a W, Piotrowska H, Stanisz B, Murias M. COX-2 inhibitors: a novel strategy in the management of breast cancer. Drug Discov Today. 2016;21(4):598\u201315.","journal-title":"Drug Discov Today"},{"issue":"19","key":"1919_CR54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1691","DOI":"10.2217\/nnm-2021-0086","volume":"16","author":"AF Khafaga","year":"2021","unstructured":"Khafaga AF, Shamma RN, Abdeen A, et al. Celecoxib repurposing in cancer therapy: molecular mechanisms and nanomedicine-based delivery technologies. Nanomedicine (Lond). 2021;16(19):1691\u2013712.","journal-title":"Nanomedicine (Lond)"},{"issue":"5","key":"1919_CR55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"261","DOI":"10.1038\/s41571-020-00459-9","volume":"18","author":"J Hou","year":"2021","unstructured":"Hou J, Karin M, Sun B. Targeting cancer-promoting inflammation - have anti-inflammatory therapies come of age? Nat Rev Clin Oncol. 2021;18(5):261\u201379.","journal-title":"Nat Rev Clin Oncol"},{"issue":"4","key":"1919_CR56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"E117","DOI":"10.1002\/lary.26309","volume":"127","author":"MW Sung","year":"2017","unstructured":"Sung MW, Lee DY, Park SW, et al. Celecoxib enhances the inhibitory effect of 5-FU on human squamous cell carcinoma proliferation by ROS production. Laryngoscope. 2017;127(4):E117-123.","journal-title":"Laryngoscope"},{"issue":"1","key":"1919_CR57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"41","DOI":"10.1007\/s12032-023-02256-7","volume":"41","author":"P Rodrigues","year":"2024","unstructured":"Rodrigues P, Bangali H, Hammoud A, et al. COX 2-inhibitors; a thorough and updated survey into combinational therapies in cancers. Med Oncol. 2024;41(1):41.","journal-title":"Med Oncol"},{"key":"1919_CR58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.c7086","volume":"342","author":"S Trelle","year":"2011","unstructured":"Trelle S, Reichenbach S, Wandel S, et al. Cardiovascular safety of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs: network meta-analysis. BMJ. 2011;342:c7086. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/bmj.c7086.","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"issue":"1","key":"1919_CR59","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bcp.2015.06.022","volume":"98","author":"A Koeberle","year":"2015","unstructured":"Koeberle A, Werz O. Perspective of microsomal prostaglandin E2 synthase-1 as drug target in inflammation-related disorders. Biochem Pharmacol. 2015;98(1):1\u201315. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.bcp.2015.06.022.","journal-title":"Biochem Pharmacol"}],"container-title":["Clinical and Experimental Medicine"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s10238-025-01919-1.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s10238-025-01919-1\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s10238-025-01919-1.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,18]],"date-time":"2025-11-18T06:09:43Z","timestamp":1763446183000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s10238-025-01919-1"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,18]]},"references-count":59,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,12]]}},"alternative-id":["1919"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10238-025-01919-1","relation":{},"ISSN":["1591-9528"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1591-9528","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,18]]},"assertion":[{"value":"22 May 2025","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"25 September 2025","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"18 November 2025","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"The authors declare no competing interests.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Conflict of interest"}},{"value":"Not applicable (The data used in this study were obtained from publicly available databases. These databases are freely accessible and do not contain any private or sensitive information).","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethics approval"}}],"article-number":"8"}}