{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,31]],"date-time":"2026-10-31T01:39:29Z","timestamp":1793410769523,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":93,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,5]],"date-time":"2026-03-05T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1772668800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,11]],"date-time":"2026-03-11T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1773187200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":6,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100002352","name":"Ain Shams University","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100002352","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Clin Exp Med"],"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    Atorvastatin, a chemically defined HMG-CoA reductase inhibitor, is widely prescribed for hyperlipidemia and cardiovascular disease prevention. However, it has been implicated in hepatotoxic effects ranging from transient transaminase elevations to rare but severe liver injury. This review critically examines the molecular and biochemical mechanisms underlying atorvastatin-induced hepatotoxicity, emphasizing translational relevance and human health risk assessment. A structured literature search (2000\u20132025) integrated evidence from clinical reports, experimental models, and pharmacogenomic studies. Key pathways analyzed included mitochondrial dysfunction, oxidative stress, bile acid dysregulation, and inflammatory signaling, with special attention to genetic polymorphisms (\n                    <jats:italic>SLCO1B1<\/jats:italic>\n                    ,\n                    <jats:italic>CYP3A4<\/jats:italic>\n                    ,\n                    <jats:italic>UGT1A1<\/jats:italic>\n                    ) and drug\u2013drug interactions. Atorvastatin-induced hepatotoxicity results from interconnected molecular events. Mitochondrial dysfunction impairs electron transport chain activity, causing ATP depletion and excessive ROS production. Oxidative stress drives lipid peroxidation, protein modification, and DNA injury, while inhibition of bile acid transporters (BSEP, NTCP, MRP2) promotes cholestatic damage. ROS and bile acid accumulation activate Kupffer cells and the NLRP3 inflammasome, amplifying inflammatory cascades (e.g., TNF-\u03b1, IL-1\u03b2). Pharmacogenomic variations in SLCO1B1, CYP3A4\/5, and UGT1A1 modulate atorvastatin disposition and susceptibility, contributing to idiosyncratic injury. Drug\u2013drug interactions further intensify hepatotoxic risk. Mechanistic insights support preventive strategies such as genotype-guided dosing, structured liver function monitoring, and adjunctive therapies targeting oxidative stress, mitochondrial stabilization, or bile acid homeostasis. Defining these mechanistic pathways provides a framework for integrating pharmacogenomic data and mechanistic biomarkers into clinical practice, enabling safer, more personalized statin therapy and improving risk stratification in drug-induced liver injury.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1007\/s10238-026-02091-w","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,5]],"date-time":"2026-03-05T13:34:53Z","timestamp":1772717693000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Mechanistic insights into atorvastatin-induced hepatotoxicity: molecular pathways, clinical relevance, and strategies for safer personalized therapy"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"26","author":[{"given":"Mohammed A.","family":"Abdel-Rasol","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3622-1417","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Wael M.","family":"El-Sayed","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,5]]},"reference":[{"issue":"2","key":"2091_CR1","first-page":"127","volume":"58","author":"AL Toppo","year":"2021","unstructured":"Toppo AL, Yadav M, Dhagat S, Ayothiraman S, Eswari JS. Molecular docking and ADMET analysis of synthetic statins for HMG-CoA reductase inhibition activity. Indian J Biochem Biophys. 2021;58(2):127\u201334.","journal-title":"Indian J Biochem Biophys"},{"key":"2091_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"50","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vph.2016.01.007","volume":"80","author":"L Roth","year":"2016","unstructured":"Roth L, Rombouts M, Schrijvers DM, Martinet W, De Meyer GR. Cholesterol-independent effects of atorvastatin prevent cardiovascular morbidity and mortality in a mouse model of atherosclerotic plaque rupture. Vasc Pharmacol. 2016;80:50\u20138.","journal-title":"Vasc Pharmacol"},{"issue":"10","key":"2091_CR3","first-page":"1","volume":"9","author":"F Morales-Leon","year":"2024","unstructured":"Morales-Leon F, Sanhueza C, Fernandez-Rocca P, Sandoval-Quijada T, Vega EM. Atorvastatin-induced liver injury with rapid enzyme elevation: a case-report. Mathews J Case Rep. 2024;9(10):1\u20135.","journal-title":"Mathews J Case Rep"},{"issue":"5","key":"2091_CR4","first-page":"328","volume":"22","author":"R Balasubramanian","year":"2021","unstructured":"Balasubramanian R, Maideen NM. HMG-CoA reductase inhibitors (statins) and their drug interactions involving CYP enzymes, P-glycoprotein and OATP transporters \u2013 an overview. Curr Drug Metab. 2021;22(5):328\u201341.","journal-title":"Curr Drug Metab"},{"key":"2091_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopha.2019.109416","volume":"119","author":"S Li","year":"2019","unstructured":"Li S, Yu Y, Jin Z, Dai Y, Lin H, Jiao Z, et al. Prediction of pharmacokinetic drug-drug interactions causing atorvastatin-induced rhabdomyolysis using physiologically based pharmacokinetic modelling. Biomed Pharmacother. 2019;119:109416.","journal-title":"Biomed Pharmacother"},{"issue":"1","key":"2091_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"67","DOI":"10.1038\/s10038-020-0818-7","volume":"66","author":"H Tada","year":"2021","unstructured":"Tada H, Fujino N, Nomura A, Nakanishi C, Hayashi K, Takamura M, et al. Personalized medicine for cardiovascular diseases. J Hum Genet. 2021;66(1):67\u201374.","journal-title":"J Hum Genet"},{"issue":"3","key":"2091_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"S47","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacl.2014.02.011","volume":"8","author":"H Bays","year":"2014","unstructured":"Bays H, Cohen DE, Chalasani N, Harrison SA. An assessment by the statin liver safety task force: 2014 update. J Clin Lipidol. 2014;8(3):S47-57.","journal-title":"J Clin Lipidol"},{"issue":"17","key":"2091_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3288","DOI":"10.1093\/cvr\/cvac020","volume":"118","author":"M Ruscica","year":"2022","unstructured":"Ruscica M, Ferri N, Banach M, Sirtori CR, Corsini A. Side effects of statins: from pathophysiology and epidemiology to diagnostic and therapeutic implications. Cardiovasc Res. 2022;118(17):3288\u2013304.","journal-title":"Cardiovasc Res"},{"key":"2091_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"6165","DOI":"10.12659\/MSM.915790","volume":"25","author":"H Zeng","year":"2019","unstructured":"Zeng H, Liu Z. Atorvastatin induces hepatotoxicity in diabetic rats via oxidative stress, inflammation, and anti-apoptotic pathway. Med Sci Monit. 2019;25:6165\u201372.","journal-title":"Med Sci Monit"},{"issue":"1","key":"2091_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.aohep.2025.101896","volume":"30","author":"I Irshad","year":"2025","unstructured":"Irshad I, Alqahtani SA, Ikejima K, Yu ML, Romero-Gomez M, Eslam M. Energy metabolism: an emerging therapeutic frontier in liver fibrosis. Ann Hepatol. 2025;101896. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.aohep.2025.101896.","journal-title":"Ann Hepatol"},{"issue":"2","key":"2091_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"237","DOI":"10.1002\/jcsm.12654","volume":"12","author":"H Mollazadeh","year":"2021","unstructured":"Mollazadeh H, Tavana E, Fanni G, Bo S, Banach M, Pirro M, et al. Effects of statins on mitochondrial pathways. J Cachexia Sarcopenia Muscle. 2021;12(2):237\u201351.","journal-title":"J Cachexia Sarcopenia Muscle"},{"issue":"2","key":"2091_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"243","DOI":"10.3390\/gidisord5020020","volume":"5","author":"C Finelli","year":"2023","unstructured":"Finelli C. Molecular mechanisms and mediators of hepatotoxicity resulting from an excess of lipids and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. Gastrointest Disord. 2023;5(2):243\u201360.","journal-title":"Gastrointest Disord"},{"issue":"3","key":"2091_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e13622","DOI":"10.1111\/eci.13622","volume":"52","author":"A Karkucinska-Wieckowska","year":"2022","unstructured":"Karkucinska-Wieckowska A, Simoes IC, Kalinowski P, Lebiedzinska-Arciszewska M, Zieniewicz K, Milkiewicz P, et al. Mitochondria, oxidative stress and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease: a complex relationship. Eur J Clin Invest. 2022;52(3):e13622.","journal-title":"Eur J Clin Invest"},{"key":"2091_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fphar.2021.683707","volume":"12","author":"S Lv","year":"2021","unstructured":"Lv S, Yu H, Liu X, Gao X. The study on the mechanism of hugan tablets in treating drug-induced liver injury induced by atorvastatin. Front Pharmacol. 2021;12:683707.","journal-title":"Front Pharmacol"},{"key":"2091_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fcell.2022.806081","volume":"10","author":"Q Zhang","year":"2022","unstructured":"Zhang Q, Qu H, Chen Y, Luo X, Chen C, Xiao B, et al. Atorvastatin induces mitochondria-dependent ferroptosis via the modulation of Nrf2-xCT\/GPx4 axis. Front Cell Dev Biol. 2022;10:806081.","journal-title":"Front Cell Dev Biol"},{"issue":"3","key":"2091_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"629","DOI":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2018.06.083","volume":"155","author":"A Mansouri","year":"2018","unstructured":"Mansouri A, Gattolliat CH, Asselah T. Mitochondrial dysfunction and signaling in chronic liver diseases. Gastroenterology. 2018;155(3):629\u201347.","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"issue":"10","key":"2091_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1181","DOI":"10.1080\/17474124.2021.1952867","volume":"15","author":"Y Gaber","year":"2021","unstructured":"Gaber Y, AbdAllah M, Salama A, Sayed M, Abdel Alem S, Nafady S. Metabolic-associated fatty liver disease and autoimmune hepatitis: an overlooked interaction. Expert Rev Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2021;15(10):1181\u20139. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/17474124.2021.1952867.","journal-title":"Expert Rev Gastroenterol Hepatol"},{"issue":"1","key":"2091_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"N","DOI":"10.20517\/mtod.2025.04","volume":"5","author":"S Zerehpooshnesfchi","year":"2025","unstructured":"Zerehpooshnesfchi S, Lonardo A, Fan JG, Elwakil R, Tanwandee T, Altarrah MY, \u00d6rmeci N, Eslam M. Dual etiology vs. MetALD: how MAFLD and MASLD address liver diseases coexistence. Metab Target Organ Damage. 2025;5(1):N\u2013A. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.20517\/mtod.2025.04.","journal-title":"Metab Target Organ Damage"},{"issue":"12","key":"2091_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/antiox9121279","volume":"9","author":"E Ramos-Tovar","year":"2020","unstructured":"Ramos-Tovar E, Muriel P. Molecular mechanisms that link oxidative stress, inflammation, and fibrosis in the liver. Antioxidants. 2020;9(12):1279.","journal-title":"Antioxidants"},{"key":"2091_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10557-024-07580-2","author":"SA Choi","year":"2024","unstructured":"Choi SA, Kim JS, Park YA, Lee DH, Park M, Yee J, et al. Transporter genes and statin-induced hepatotoxicity. Cardiovasc Drugs Ther. 2025;39(4):801\u2013810. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10557-024-07580-2.","journal-title":"Cardiovasc Drugs Ther"},{"issue":"1","key":"2091_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00018-023-05061-7","volume":"81","author":"KR LeFort","year":"2024","unstructured":"LeFort KR, Rungratanawanich W, Song BJ. Contributing roles of mitochondrial dysfunction and hepatocyte apoptosis in liver diseases through oxidative stress, post-translational modifications, inflammation, and intestinal barrier dysfunction. Cell Mol Life Sci. 2024;81(1):34.","journal-title":"Cell Mol Life Sci"},{"issue":"3","key":"2091_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/genes16030248","volume":"16","author":"R Morris","year":"2025","unstructured":"Morris R, Bu K, Han W, Wood S, Hernandez Velez PM, Ward J, et al. The association between statin drugs and rhabdomyolysis: an analysis of FDA adverse event reporting system (FAERS) data and transcriptomic profiles. Genes. 2025;16(3):248.","journal-title":"Genes"},{"key":"2091_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tiv.2022.105344","volume":"81","author":"T Brecklinghaus","year":"2022","unstructured":"Brecklinghaus T, Albrecht W, Kappenberg F, Duda J, Zhang M, Gardner I, et al. Influence of bile acids on the cytotoxicity of chemicals in cultivated human hepatocytes. Toxicol In Vitro. 2022;81:105344.","journal-title":"Toxicol In Vitro"},{"issue":"9","key":"2091_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3077","DOI":"10.1007\/s00204-024-03775-6","volume":"98","author":"VM de Bruijn","year":"2024","unstructured":"de Bruijn VM, Rietjens IM. From hazard to risk prioritization: a case study to predict drug-induced cholestasis using physiologically based kinetic modeling. Arch Toxicol. 2024;98(9):3077\u201395.","journal-title":"Arch Toxicol"},{"issue":"1","key":"2091_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s43094-025-00788-5","volume":"11","author":"AK Saleh","year":"2025","unstructured":"Saleh AK, El-Masry TA, El-Kadem AH, Ashour NA, El-Mahdy NA. Exploring drug-induced liver injury: comprehensive insights into mechanisms and management of hepatotoxic agents. Fut J Pharm Sci. 2025;11(1):38.","journal-title":"Fut J Pharm Sci"},{"key":"2091_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ecoenv.2022.113981","volume":"243","author":"Y Han","year":"2022","unstructured":"Han Y, Ma Y, Tong J, Zhang J, Hu C. Systems assessment of statins hazard: integrating in silico prediction, developmental toxicity profile and transcriptomics in zebrafish. Ecotoxicol Environ Saf. 2022;243:113981.","journal-title":"Ecotoxicol Environ Saf"},{"issue":"2\u20133","key":"2091_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"45","DOI":"10.1002\/bdd.2262","volume":"42","author":"N Izat","year":"2021","unstructured":"Izat N, Sahin S. Hepatic transporter-mediated pharmacokinetic drug-drug interactions: recent studies and regulatory recommendations. Biopharm Drug Dispos. 2021;42(2\u20133):45\u201377.","journal-title":"Biopharm Drug Dispos"},{"key":"2091_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Li AP. Drug-metabolism enzymes and transporter activities as risk factors of selected marketed drugs associated with drug-induced fatalities. Transporters Drug-Metabolizing Enzymes Drug Toxic. 2021;14:41\u201377. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/9781119171003.ch3","DOI":"10.1002\/9781119171003.ch3"},{"key":"2091_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"273","DOI":"10.1007\/s00109-020-02032-4","volume":"99","author":"L Hou","year":"2021","unstructured":"Hou L, Zhang Z, Yang L, Chang N, Zhao X, Zhou X, et al. NLRP3 inflammasome priming and activation in cholestatic liver injury via the sphingosine 1-phosphate\/S1P receptor 2\/G\u03b1(12\/13)\/MAPK signaling pathway. J Mol Med. 2021;99:273\u201388.","journal-title":"J Mol Med"},{"issue":"4","key":"2091_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2257","DOI":"10.1007\/s00210-023-02733-w","volume":"397","author":"X Wang","year":"2024","unstructured":"Wang X, Xiong W, Wang X, Qin L, Zhong M, Liu Y, et al. Ursolic acid attenuates cholestasis through NRF2-mediated regulation of UGT2B7 and BSEP\/MRP2. Naunyn Schmiedebergs Arch Pharmacol. 2024;397(4):2257\u201367.","journal-title":"Naunyn Schmiedebergs Arch Pharmacol"},{"issue":"8","key":"2091_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/cells10081846","volume":"10","author":"AD Petrescu","year":"2021","unstructured":"Petrescu AD, DeMorrow S. Farnesoid X receptor as target for therapies to treat cholestasis-induced liver injury. Cells. 2021;10(8):1846.","journal-title":"Cells"},{"issue":"2","key":"2091_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"223","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcmgh.2023.04.007","volume":"16","author":"Q Pan","year":"2023","unstructured":"Pan Q, Zhu G, Xu Z, Zhu J, Ouyang J, Tong Y, et al. Organic anion transporting polypeptide (OATP) 1B3 is a significant transporter for hepatic uptake of conjugated bile acids in humans. Cell Mol Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2023;16(2):223\u201342.","journal-title":"Cell Mol Gastroenterol Hepatol"},{"issue":"7","key":"2091_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1355","DOI":"10.2174\/0929867331666230829164832","volume":"32","author":"A Mahmoudi","year":"2025","unstructured":"Mahmoudi A, Butler AE, Orekhov AN, Jamialahmadi T, Sahebkar A. Statins as a potential treatment for non-alcoholic fatty liver disease: target deconvolution using protein-protein interaction network analysis. Curr Med Chem. 2025;32(7):1355\u201377.","journal-title":"Curr Med Chem"},{"issue":"2","key":"2091_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"207","DOI":"10.1161\/01.CIR.101.2.207","volume":"101","author":"DJ Maron","year":"2000","unstructured":"Maron DJ, Fazio S, Linton MF. Current perspectives on statins. Circulation. 2000;101(2):207\u201313.","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"2091_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Gao X, Ruan Y, Zhu X, Lin X, Xin Y, Li X, et al. Deoxycholic acid promotes pyroptosis in free fatty acid-induced steatotic hepatocytes by inhibiting PINK1-mediated mitophagy. Inflammation. 2022;45(2):639\u2013650. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10753-021-01573-1.","DOI":"10.1007\/s10753-021-01573-1"},{"issue":"3","key":"2091_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1040","DOI":"10.1007\/s12072-023-10610-0","volume":"18","author":"S Feng","year":"2024","unstructured":"Feng S, Xie X, Li J, Xu X, Chen C, Zou G, et al. Bile acids induce liver fibrosis through the NLRP3 inflammasome pathway and the mechanism of FXR inhibition of NLRP3 activation. Hepatol Int. 2024;18(3):1040\u201352.","journal-title":"Hepatol Int"},{"key":"2091_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"102452","DOI":"10.1016\/j.redox.2022.102452","volume":"56","author":"J Liu","year":"2022","unstructured":"Liu J, Wei Y, Jia W, Can C, Wang R, Yang X, et al. Chenodeoxycholic acid suppresses AML progression through promoting lipid peroxidation via ROS\/p38 MAPK\/DGAT1 pathway and inhibiting M2 macrophage polarization. Redox Biol. 2022;56:102452.","journal-title":"Redox Biol"},{"issue":"9","key":"2091_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms22094642","volume":"22","author":"CA Juan","year":"2021","unstructured":"Juan CA, de la P\u00e9rez Lastra JM, Plou FJ, P\u00e9rez-Lebe\u00f1a E. The chemistry of reactive oxygen species (ROS) revisited: outlining their role in biological macromolecules (DNA, lipids and proteins) and induced pathologies. Int J Mol Sci. 2021;22(9):4642.","journal-title":"Int J Mol Sci"},{"key":"2091_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"229","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-030-49844-3_9","volume":"1275","author":"A Engin","year":"2021","unstructured":"Engin A. Bile acid toxicity and protein kinases. Adv Exp Med Biol. 2021;1275:229\u201358. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/978-3-030-49844-3_9.","journal-title":"Adv Exp Med Biol"},{"issue":"10","key":"2091_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbamcr.2022.119317","volume":"1869","author":"P Wolf","year":"2022","unstructured":"Wolf P, Schoeniger A, Edlich F. Pro-apoptotic complexes of BAX and BAK on the outer mitochondrial membrane. Biochimica et Biophysica Acta (BBA). 2022;1869(10):119317.","journal-title":"Biochimica et Biophysica Acta (BBA)"},{"key":"2091_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.taap.2021.115858","volume":"436","author":"Z Wu","year":"2022","unstructured":"Wu Z, Geng Y, Buist-Homan M, Moshage H. Scopoletin and umbelliferone protect hepatocytes against palmitate- and bile acid-induced cell death by reducing endoplasmic reticulum stress and oxidative stress. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol. 2022;436:115858.","journal-title":"Toxicol Appl Pharmacol"},{"issue":"7","key":"2091_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1467","DOI":"10.3390\/biomedicines12071467","volume":"12","author":"BH Abdelmonem","year":"2024","unstructured":"Abdelmonem BH, Abdelaal NM, Anwer EK, Rashwan AA, Hussein MA, Ahmed YF, et al. Decoding the role of CYP450 enzymes in metabolism and disease: a comprehensive review. Biomedicines. 2024;12(7):1467.","journal-title":"Biomedicines"},{"key":"2091_CR43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1007\/s00204-025-04016-0","volume":"99","author":"E Timor-L\u00f3pez","year":"2025","unstructured":"Timor-L\u00f3pez E, Tolosa L, Donato MT. Cell-based approaches for the mechanistic understanding of drug-induced cholestatic liver injury. Arch Toxicol. 2025;99:1\u201318.","journal-title":"Arch Toxicol"},{"key":"2091_CR44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"880298","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2022.880298","volume":"13","author":"Y Duan","year":"2022","unstructured":"Duan Y, Pan X, Luo J, Xiao X, Li J, Bestman PL, et al. Association of inflammatory cytokines with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. Front Immunol. 2022;13:880298.","journal-title":"Front Immunol"},{"issue":"1","key":"2091_CR45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-022-35158-9","volume":"13","author":"J Alharthi","year":"2022","unstructured":"Alharthi J, Bayoumi A, Thabet K, Pan Z, Gloss BS, Latchoumanin O, et al. A metabolic associated fatty liver disease risk variant in MBOAT7 regulates toll like receptor induced outcomes. Nat Commun. 2022;13(1):7430. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41467-022-35158-9.","journal-title":"Nat Commun"},{"issue":"2","key":"2091_CR46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/nu17020241","volume":"17","author":"A Feje\u0161","year":"2025","unstructured":"Feje\u0161 A, \u0160ebekov\u00e1 K, Borb\u00e9lyov\u00e1 V. Pathophysiological role of neutrophil extracellular traps in diet-induced obesity and metabolic syndrome in animal models. Nutrients. 2025;17(2):241.","journal-title":"Nutrients"},{"issue":"1","key":"2091_CR47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10142-025-01544-x","volume":"25","author":"RM Mansour","year":"2025","unstructured":"Mansour RM, Abdel Mageed SS, Abulsoud AI, Sayed GA, Lutfy RH, Awad FA, et al. From fatty liver to fibrosis: the impact of miRNAs on NAFLD and NASH. Funct Integr Genomics. 2025;25(1):30.","journal-title":"Funct Integr Genomics"},{"issue":"5","key":"2091_CR48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"719","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcmgh.2024.01.011","volume":"17","author":"RM Golonka","year":"2024","unstructured":"Golonka RM, San Yeoh B, Saha P, Tian Y, Chiang JY, Patterson AD, et al. Sex dimorphic effects of bile acid metabolism in liver cancer in mice. Cell Mol Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2024;17(5):719\u201335.","journal-title":"Cell Mol Gastroenterol Hepatol"},{"key":"2091_CR49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.phymed.2022.154529","volume":"108","author":"J Liu","year":"2023","unstructured":"Liu J, Liu J, Meng C, Gu Q, Huang C, Liu F, et al. NRF2 and FXR dual signaling pathways cooperatively regulate the effects of oleanolic acid on cholestatic liver injury. Phytomedicine. 2023;108:154529.","journal-title":"Phytomedicine"},{"issue":"1","key":"2091_CR50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"175","DOI":"10.1016\/j.plipres.2012.11.002","volume":"52","author":"G Musso","year":"2013","unstructured":"Musso G, Gambino R, Cassader M. Cholesterol metabolism and the pathogenesis of non-alcoholic steatohepatitis. Prog Lipid Res. 2013;52(1):175\u201391.","journal-title":"Prog Lipid Res"},{"key":"2091_CR51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.redox.2023.102643","volume":"61","author":"L Goicoechea","year":"2023","unstructured":"Goicoechea L, de la Rosa LC, Torres S, Garc\u00eda-Ruiz C, Fern\u00e1ndez-Checa JC. Mitochondrial cholesterol: metabolism and impact on redox biology and disease. Redox Biol. 2023;61:102643.","journal-title":"Redox Biol"},{"issue":"3","key":"2091_CR52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"378","DOI":"10.1111\/jgh.16087","volume":"38","author":"Q Chen","year":"2023","unstructured":"Chen Q, Guo J, Qiu T, Zhou J. Mechanism of ASK1 involvement in liver diseases and related potential therapeutic targets: a critical pathway molecule worth investigating. J Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2023;38(3):378\u201385.","journal-title":"J Gastroenterol Hepatol"},{"key":"2091_CR53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.lfs.2020.118668","volume":"264","author":"P Wu","year":"2021","unstructured":"Wu P, Tian T, Zhao J, Song Q, Wu X, Guo Y, et al. IRE1\u03b1-JNK pathway-mediated autophagy promotes cell survival in response to endoplasmic reticulum stress during the initial phase of hepatic steatosis. Life Sci. 2021;264:118668.","journal-title":"Life Sci"},{"issue":"6","key":"2091_CR54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1428","DOI":"10.1002\/cpt.3236","volume":"115","author":"AJ Mykk\u00e4nen","year":"2024","unstructured":"Mykk\u00e4nen AJ, Tarkiainen EK, Taskinen S, Neuvonen M, Paile-Hyv\u00e4rinen M, Lilius TO, Tapaninen T, Klein K, Schwab M, Backman JT, Tornio A. Genome\u2010wide association study of Atorvastatin pharmacokinetics: associations with SLCO1B1, UGT1A3, and LPP. Clin Pharmacol Ther. 2024;115(6):1428\u201340.","journal-title":"Clin Pharmacol Ther"},{"issue":"7","key":"2091_CR55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI186423","volume":"135","author":"B Schnabl","year":"2025","unstructured":"Schnabl B, Damman CJ, Carr RM. Metabolic dysfunction\u2013associated steatotic liver disease and the gut microbiome: pathogenic insights and therapeutic innovations. J Clin Invest. 2025;135(7):e186423.","journal-title":"J Clin Invest"},{"issue":"6","key":"2091_CR56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1696","DOI":"10.1002\/cpt.3624","volume":"17","author":"T Haldar","year":"2025","unstructured":"Haldar T, Kvale M, Yang J, Douglas MP, Coyote-Maetas W, Kachuri L, et al. SLCO1B1 functional variants, bilirubin, statin-induced myotoxicity, and recent Sub-Saharan African ancestry: a precision medicine health equity study. Clin Pharmacol Ther. 2025;17(6):1696\u2013705. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/cpt.3624.","journal-title":"Clin Pharmacol Ther"},{"key":"2091_CR57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"263","DOI":"10.1016\/B978-0-12-819090-8.00012-7","volume-title":"Toxicology","author":"A Anad\u00f3n","year":"2021","unstructured":"Anad\u00f3n A, Ares I, Mart\u00ednez-Larra\u00f1aga MR, Mart\u00ednez MA. Statins, toxicity, and their adverse effects via oxidative imbalance. In: Toxicology. Academic Press; 2021. p. 263\u201380. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/B978-0-12-819090-8.00012-7."},{"issue":"7","key":"2091_CR58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/pharmaceutics14071491","volume":"14","author":"JW Park","year":"2022","unstructured":"Park JW, Kim JM, Lee HY, Noh J, Kim KA, Park JY. CYP3A5*3 and SLCO1B1 c.521T\u2009>\u2009C polymorphisms influence the pharmacokinetics of atorvastatin and 2-hydroxy atorvastatin. Pharmaceutics. 2022;14(7):1491. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/pharmaceutics14071491.","journal-title":"Pharmaceutics"},{"issue":"7","key":"2091_CR59","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/jpm11070677","volume":"11","author":"J Yee","year":"2021","unstructured":"Yee J, Kim H, Heo Y, Yoon HY, Song G, Gwak HS. Association between CYP3A5 polymorphism and statin-induced adverse events: a systematic review and meta-analysis. J Pers Med. 2021;11(7):677. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/jpm11070677.","journal-title":"J Pers Med"},{"issue":"4","key":"2091_CR60","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"406","DOI":"10.3390\/diabetology5040032","volume":"5","author":"S Kne\u017eevi\u0107","year":"2024","unstructured":"Kne\u017eevi\u0107 S, Filippi-Arriaga F, Belan\u010di\u0107 A, Bo\u017eina T, Mr\u0161i\u0107-Pel\u010di\u0107 J, Vitezi\u0107 D. Metabolic syndrome drug therapy: the potential interplay of pharmacogenetics and pharmacokinetic interactions in clinical practice: a narrative review. Diabetology. 2024;5(4):406\u201329. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/diabetology5040032.","journal-title":"Diabetology"},{"issue":"4","key":"2091_CR61","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1049","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2023.06.022","volume":"79","author":"L V\u00edtek","year":"2023","unstructured":"V\u00edtek L, Tiribelli C. Gilbert\u2019s syndrome revisited. J Hepatol. 2023;79(4):1049\u201355. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jhep.2023.06.022.","journal-title":"J Hepatol"},{"issue":"8","key":"2091_CR62","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"729","DOI":"10.1002\/kjm2.12521","volume":"38","author":"MJ Huang","year":"2022","unstructured":"Huang MJ, Chen PL, Huang CS. Bilirubin metabolism and UDP-glucuronosyltransferase 1A1 variants in Asians: pathogenic implications and therapeutic response. Kaohsiung J Med Sci. 2022;38(8):729\u201338. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/kjm2.12521.","journal-title":"Kaohsiung J Med Sci"},{"issue":"5","key":"2091_CR63","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"732","DOI":"10.1097\/FJC.0000000000001352","volume":"80","author":"S Jiang","year":"2022","unstructured":"Jiang S, Chou WC, Tao L, Qiu Z, Gao G. Atorvastatin ameliorates doxorubicin-induced cardiomyopathy by regulating the autophagy\u2013lysosome pathway and its upstream regulatory factor transcription factor EB. J Cardiovasc Pharmacol. 2022;80(5):732\u20138. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/FJC.0000000000001352.","journal-title":"J Cardiovasc Pharmacol"},{"key":"2091_CR64","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.metabol.2024.155795","volume":"153","author":"J Kim","year":"2024","unstructured":"Kim J, Kim M, Kim M, You YH, Song Y, Lee BW. Dysregulation of autophagy activation induced by atorvastatin contributes to new-onset diabetes mellitus in western diet-fed mice. Metabolism. 2024;153:155795. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.metabol.2024.155795.","journal-title":"Metabolism"},{"issue":"4","key":"2091_CR65","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"508","DOI":"10.1097\/FJC.0000000000000994","volume":"77","author":"S Zheng","year":"2021","unstructured":"Zheng S, Du Y, Ye Q, Zha K, Feng J. Atorvastatin enhances foam cell lipophagy and promotes cholesterol efflux through the AMP-activated protein kinase\/mammalian target of Rapamycin pathway. J Cardiovasc Pharmacol. 2021;77(4):508\u201318. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/FJC.0000000000000994.","journal-title":"J Cardiovasc Pharmacol"},{"key":"2091_CR66","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"150","DOI":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2018.09.015","volume":"137","author":"H Mollazadeh","year":"2018","unstructured":"Mollazadeh H, Atkin SL, Butler AE, Ruscica M, Sirtori CR, Sahebkar A. The effect of statin therapy on endoplasmic reticulum stress. Pharmacol Res. 2018;137:150\u20138. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.phrs.2018.09.015.","journal-title":"Pharmacol Res"},{"issue":"3","key":"2091_CR67","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"G400","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpgi.00098.2020","volume":"319","author":"W Dornas","year":"2020","unstructured":"Dornas W, Schuppan D. Mitochondrial oxidative injury: a key player in nonalcoholic fatty liver disease. Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol. 2020;319(3):G400\u201311. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1152\/ajpgi.00098.2020.","journal-title":"Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol"},{"issue":"8","key":"2091_CR68","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2158","DOI":"10.1016\/j.molimm.2007.11.016","volume":"45","author":"LM Kuijk","year":"2008","unstructured":"Kuijk LM, Mandey SH, Schellens I, Waterham HR, Rijkers GT, Coffer PJ, et al. Statin synergizes with LPS to induce IL-1\u03b2 release by THP-1 cells through activation of caspase-1. Mol Immunol. 2008;45(8):2158\u201365. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.molimm.2007.11.016.","journal-title":"Mol Immunol"},{"key":"2091_CR69","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"6165","DOI":"10.12659\/MSM.915790","volume":"25","author":"H Zeng","year":"2019","unstructured":"Zeng H, Liu Z. Atorvastatin induces hepatotoxicity in diabetic rats via oxidative stress, inflammation, and anti-apoptotic pathway. Med Sci Monit. 2019;25:6165\u201373.","journal-title":"Med Sci Monit"},{"key":"2091_CR70","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fphar.2024.1430236","volume":"15","author":"P Chen","year":"2024","unstructured":"Chen P, Li X. NLRP3 inflammasome in atherosclerosis: mechanisms and targeted therapies. Front Pharmacol. 2024;15:1430236. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fphar.2024.1430236.","journal-title":"Front Pharmacol"},{"key":"2091_CR71","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"303","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev-physiol-031220-103144","volume":"83","author":"B Chaurasia","year":"2021","unstructured":"Chaurasia B, Summers SA. Ceramides in metabolism: key lipotoxic players. Annu Rev Physiol. 2021;83:303\u201330. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1146\/annurev-physiol-031220-103144.","journal-title":"Annu Rev Physiol"},{"issue":"9","key":"2091_CR72","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/diseases12090195","volume":"12","author":"G Delcheva","year":"2024","unstructured":"Delcheva G, Stefanova K, Stankova T. Ceramides\u2014emerging biomarkers of lipotoxicity in obesity, diabetes, cardiovascular diseases, and inflammation. Diseases. 2024;12(9):195. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/diseases12090195.","journal-title":"Diseases"},{"issue":"9","key":"2091_CR73","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms26094264","volume":"26","author":"B Muttiah","year":"2025","unstructured":"Muttiah B, Hanafiah A. Gut microbiota and cardiovascular diseases: unraveling the role of dysbiosis and microbial metabolites. Int J Mol Sci. 2025;26(9):4264.","journal-title":"Int J Mol Sci"},{"issue":"9","key":"2091_CR74","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2879","DOI":"10.7150\/ijbs.83501","volume":"19","author":"W Chen","year":"2023","unstructured":"Chen W, Xu J, Wu Y, Liang B, Yan M, Sun C, et al. The potential role and mechanism of circRNA\/miRNA axis in cholesterol synthesis. Int J Biol Sci. 2023;19(9):2879\u201391. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.7150\/ijbs.83501.","journal-title":"Int J Biol Sci"},{"issue":"6","key":"2091_CR75","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1421","DOI":"10.1124\/mol.109.055970","volume":"75","author":"A Kromer","year":"2009","unstructured":"Kromer A, Moosmann B. Statin-induced liver injury involves cross-talk between cholesterol and selenoprotein biosynthetic pathways. Mol Pharmacol. 2009;75(6):1421\u20139. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1124\/mol.109.055970.","journal-title":"Mol Pharmacol"},{"issue":"9412","key":"2091_CR76","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"892","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(04)15730-6","volume":"363","author":"B Moosmann","year":"2004","unstructured":"Moosmann B, Behl C. Selenoprotein synthesis and side-effects of statins. Lancet. 2004;363(9412):892\u20134. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/S0140-6736(04)15730-6.","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"issue":"1","key":"2091_CR77","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"867","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-025-01345-9","volume":"16","author":"B Huang","year":"2025","unstructured":"Huang B, Wang H, Liu S, Hao M, Luo D, Zhou Y, et al. Palmitoylation-dependent regulation of GPX4 suppresses ferroptosis. Nat Commun. 2025;16(1):867. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41467-025-01345-9.","journal-title":"Nat Commun"},{"key":"2091_CR78","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopha.2024.116512","volume":"174","author":"W Zhang","year":"2024","unstructured":"Zhang W, Liu Y, Liao Y, Zhu C, Zou Z. GPX4, ferroptosis, and diseases. Biomed Pharmacother. 2024;174:116512. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.biopha.2024.116512.","journal-title":"Biomed Pharmacother"},{"issue":"23","key":"2091_CR79","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms252312859","volume":"25","author":"A Nesci","year":"2024","unstructured":"Nesci A, Ruggieri V, Manilla V, Spinelli I, Santoro L, Di Giorgio A, et al. Endothelial dysfunction and liver cirrhosis: unraveling of a complex relationship. Int J Mol Sci. 2024;25(23):12859. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/ijms252312859.","journal-title":"Int J Mol Sci"},{"key":"2091_CR80","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fmed.2025.1515400","volume":"12","author":"Y Li","year":"2025","unstructured":"Li Y, Zhu B, Shi K, Lu Y, Zeng X, Li Y, et al. Advances in intrahepatic and extrahepatic vascular dysregulations in cirrhotic portal hypertension. Front Med. 2025;12:1515400. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fmed.2025.1515400.","journal-title":"Front Med"},{"issue":"2","key":"2091_CR81","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"441","DOI":"10.1111\/bcp.14991","volume":"88","author":"D Pastori","year":"2022","unstructured":"Pastori D, Pani A, Di Rocco A, Menichelli D, Gazzaniga G, Farcomeni A, et al. Statin liver safety in non-alcoholic fatty liver disease: a systematic review and metanalysis. Br J Clin Pharmacol. 2022;88(2):441\u201351. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/bcp.14991.","journal-title":"Br J Clin Pharmacol"},{"key":"2091_CR82","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/23247096211014050","volume":"9","author":"A Saha","year":"2021","unstructured":"Saha A, Garg A. Severe liver injury associated with high-dose atorvastatin therapy. J Investig Med High Impact Case Rep. 2021;9:23247096211014050.","journal-title":"J Investig Med High Impact Case Rep"},{"issue":"7","key":"2091_CR83","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"229","DOI":"10.4236\/ijcm.2022.137020","volume":"13","author":"A Aishwarya","year":"2022","unstructured":"Aishwarya A, Terry O. Statins in alcoholic and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease and chronically elevated liver enzymes. Int J Clin Med. 2022;13(7):229\u201352.","journal-title":"Int J Clin Med"},{"issue":"7","key":"2091_CR84","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"153","DOI":"10.1097\/FPC.0000000000000504","volume":"33","author":"KI L\u00f6nnberg","year":"2023","unstructured":"L\u00f6nnberg KI, Tornio A, Hirvensalo P, Keskitalo J, Mustaniemi AL, Kiiski JI, et al. Real-world pharmacogenetics of statin intolerance: effects of SLCO1B1, ABCG2, and CYP2C9 variants. Pharmacogenet Genomics. 2023;33(7):153\u201360.","journal-title":"Pharmacogenet Genomics"},{"issue":"12","key":"2091_CR85","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e0332","DOI":"10.1002\/hep4.23332","volume":"7","author":"TM Kronborg","year":"2023","unstructured":"Kronborg TM, Schierwagen R, Tro\u0161t K, Gao Q, Moritz T, Bendtsen F, et al. Atorvastatin for patients with cirrhosis. A randomized, placebo-controlled trial. Hepatol Commun. 2023;7(12):e0332. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/hep4.23332.","journal-title":"Hepatol Commun"},{"key":"2091_CR86","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1179","DOI":"10.1007\/s40264-021-01107-5","volume":"44","author":"NT Jessurun","year":"2021","unstructured":"Jessurun NT, Drent M, Wijnen PA, Harmsze AM, van Puijenbroek EP, Bekers O, et al. Role of drug\u2013gene interactions and pharmacogenetics in simvastatin-associated pulmonary toxicity. Drug Saf. 2021;44:1179\u201391. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s40264-021-01107-5.","journal-title":"Drug Saf"},{"key":"2091_CR87","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1186\/s12876-021-01814-0","volume":"21","author":"S Sung","year":"2021","unstructured":"Sung S, Al-Karaghouli M, Kalainy S, Cabrera Garcia L, Abraldes JG. A systematic review on pharmacokinetics, cardiovascular outcomes and safety profiles of statins in cirrhosis. BMC Gastroenterol. 2021;21:1\u201313. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12876-021-01814-0.","journal-title":"BMC Gastroenterol"},{"issue":"3","key":"2091_CR88","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"635","DOI":"10.1248\/bpb.b23-00892","volume":"47","author":"K Adachi","year":"2024","unstructured":"Adachi K, Ohyama K, Tanaka Y, Saito Y, Shimizu M, Yamazaki H. Modeled hepatic\/plasma exposures of Fluvastatin prescribed alone in subjects with impaired cytochrome P450 2C9*3 as one of possible determinant factors likely associated with hepatic toxicity reported in a Japanese adverse event database. Biol Pharm Bull. 2024;47(3):635\u201340. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1248\/bpb.b23-00892.","journal-title":"Biol Pharm Bull"},{"key":"2091_CR89","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5551\/jat.65345","author":"SW Chun","year":"2025","unstructured":"Chun SW, Kim HJ, Seo JA, Chon S, Kim SE, Jung JH, et al. Comparative effectiveness and safety of moderate-intensity pravastatin versus atorvastatin in patients with dyslipidemia: a retrospective cohort study using a common data model of multicenter electronic health records in South Korea. J Atheroscler Thromb. 2025. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.5551\/jat.65345.","journal-title":"J Atheroscler Thromb"},{"issue":"1","key":"2091_CR90","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"36","DOI":"10.4103\/jiag.jiag_30_20","volume":"17","author":"CJ Johnson","year":"2021","unstructured":"Johnson CJ, Gunasekaran K, Jambugulam M, Iyadurai R. Statin-induced toxic rhabdomyolysis with hepatocellular jaundice in the elderly. J Indian Acad Geriatr. 2021;17(1):36\u20139. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4103\/jiag.jiag_30_20.","journal-title":"J Indian Acad Geriatr"},{"issue":"10","key":"2091_CR91","first-page":"96","volume":"71","author":"K Kashyap","year":"2023","unstructured":"Kashyap K, Bisht K, Dhar M, Mittal K. Atorvastatin-induced myositis and drug-induced liver injury. J Assoc Physicians India. 2023;71(10):96\u20138. PMID: 37816425.","journal-title":"J Assoc Physicians India"},{"key":"2091_CR92","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e2320222","DOI":"10.1001\/jamanetworkopen.2023.20222","volume":"6","author":"MS Vell","year":"2023","unstructured":"Vell MS, Loomba R, Krishnan A, Wangensteen KJ, Trebicka J, Creasy KT, et al. Association of statin use with risk of liver disease, hepatocellular carcinoma, and liver-related mortality. JAMA Netw Open. 2023;6:e2320222.","journal-title":"JAMA Netw Open"},{"issue":"3","key":"2091_CR93","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/antiox10030390","volume":"10","author":"M Villanueva-Paz","year":"2021","unstructured":"Villanueva-Paz M, Mor\u00e1n L, L\u00f3pez-Alc\u00e1ntara N, Freixo C, Andrade RJ, Lucena MI, et al. Oxidative stress in drug-induced liver injury (DILI): from mechanisms to biomarkers for use in clinical practice. Antioxidants. 2021;10(3):390.","journal-title":"Antioxidants"}],"container-title":["Clinical and Experimental Medicine"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s10238-026-02091-w","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s10238-026-02091-w.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s10238-026-02091-w.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,11]],"date-time":"2026-03-11T17:02:23Z","timestamp":1773248543000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s10238-026-02091-w"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,5]]},"references-count":93,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,12]]}},"alternative-id":["2091"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10238-026-02091-w","relation":{},"ISSN":["1591-9528"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1591-9528","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,5]]},"assertion":[{"value":"19 November 2025","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"4 February 2026","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"5 March 2026","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"The authors declare no competing interests.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}},{"value":"Not applicable.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethics approval"}},{"value":"Not applicable.","order":4,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Consent to participate"}},{"value":"Not applicable.","order":5,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Consent for publication"}}],"article-number":"178"}}