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This review summarizes AI applications in biomarker discovery, prediction of immune checkpoint inhibitor (ICI) response and toxicity, neoantigen prioritization, CAR-T cell optimization, and therapeutic antibody engineering. In oncology, multimodal models combining multi-omics, medical imaging, and clinical variables improve patient stratification and non-invasive response assessment, with several imaging- and pathology-based prediction tasks reporting clinically meaningful performance (frequently AUC\u2009~\u20090.70\u20130.95 across tumor types and endpoints). In autoimmune diseases, AI enables earlier diagnosis, molecular subtyping, treatment-response prediction, and real-time disease activity tracking using EHR, laboratory, imaging, and wearable data\u2014supporting precision management in conditions such as rheumatoid arthritis and type 1 diabetes. Key challenges include data heterogeneity, model interpretability, and governance; however, explainable AI, federated learning, and digital twin frameworks offer practical routes toward trustworthy clinical translation. Overall, AI is emerging as a foundational technology for next-generation, patient-specific immunotherapy across oncology and autoimmune medicine.<\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    <jats:bold>Graphical abstract<\/jats:bold>\n                  <\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>Artificial intelligence enhances cancer and autoimmune disease immunotherapy through biomarker discovery, response prediction, neoantigen and antibody optimization, and real-time treatment management, enabling precision medicine across clinical applications.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1007\/s10238-026-02107-5","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,6]],"date-time":"2026-03-06T00:35:32Z","timestamp":1772757332000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":14,"title":["Artificial intelligence in immunotherapy: revolutionizing diagnostic and therapeutic applications in cancer and autoimmune diseases"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"26","author":[{"given":"Jamal","family":"Alshorman","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mohammad Javad","family":"Mehran","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yadollah","family":"Bahrami","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sara","family":"Mohammadzadeh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rambod","family":"Barzigar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mahdi","family":"Morshedi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Khawaja Husnain","family":"Haider","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kingsley Miyanda","family":"Tembo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shan-Jie","family":"Rong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nasir","family":"Jadgal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ruba","family":"Altahla","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mansoor","family":"Bolideei","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yongping","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,6]]},"reference":[{"issue":"4","key":"2107_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"805","DOI":"10.1038\/s41423-020-00530-6","volume":"18","author":"J Varad\u00e9","year":"2021","unstructured":"Varad\u00e9 J, Magad\u00e1n S, Gonz\u00e1lez-Fern\u00e1ndez \u00c1. 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