{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,29]],"date-time":"2026-06-29T02:45:09Z","timestamp":1782701109393,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":25,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,20]],"date-time":"2026-05-20T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1779235200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,3]],"date-time":"2026-06-03T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1780444800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":14,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["U1904207"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["U1904207"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100012166","name":"National Key Research and Development Program of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2017YFA0105003"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2017YFA0105003"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100012166","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Clin Exp Med"],"DOI":"10.1007\/s10238-026-02188-2","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,20]],"date-time":"2026-05-20T14:12:35Z","timestamp":1779286355000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Single-cell atlas reveals the key role of pro-inflammatory IREB2\u207a microglia subsets in the microenvironment of Alzheimer\u2019s disease"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"26","author":[{"given":"Wenzheng","family":"Rong","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jing","family":"Xu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bo","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yapeng","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yuming","family":"Xu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,20]]},"reference":[{"key":"2188_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"119129","DOI":"10.1016\/j.lfs.2021.119129","volume":"276","author":"E Se Thoe","year":"2021","unstructured":"Se Thoe E, Fauzi A, Tang YQ, Chamyuang S, Chia AYY. A review on advances of treatment modalities for Alzheimer\u2019s disease. Life Sci. 2021;276:119129.","journal-title":"Life Sci"},{"issue":"10","key":"2188_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1676","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuron.2024.02.017","volume":"112","author":"D Zhang","year":"2024","unstructured":"Zhang D, Zhang W, Ming C, Gao X, Yuan H, Lin X, et al. P-tau217 correlates with neurodegeneration in Alzheimer\u2019s disease, and targeting p-tau217 with immunotherapy ameliorates murine tauopathy. Neuron. 2024;112(10):1676\u2013e169312.","journal-title":"Neuron"},{"issue":"1","key":"2188_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"108","DOI":"10.1186\/s12974-019-1494-4","volume":"16","author":"F Angelucci","year":"2019","unstructured":"Angelucci F, Cechova K, Amlerova J, Hort J. Antibiotics, gut microbiota, and Alzheimer\u2019s disease. J Neuroinflammation. 2019;16(1):108.","journal-title":"J Neuroinflammation"},{"issue":"5","key":"2188_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"719","DOI":"10.1038\/s41593-019-0372-9","volume":"22","author":"P Zhang","year":"2019","unstructured":"Zhang P, Kishimoto Y, Grammatikakis I, Gottimukkala K, Cutler RG, Zhang S, et al. Senolytic therapy alleviates A\u03b2-associated oligodendrocyte progenitor cell senescence and cognitive deficits in an Alzheimer\u2019s disease model. Nat Neurosci. 2019;22(5):719\u201328.","journal-title":"Nat Neurosci"},{"issue":"19","key":"2188_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"7623","DOI":"10.7150\/thno.103596","volume":"14","author":"D Peng","year":"2024","unstructured":"Peng D, Liu T, Lu H, Zhang L, Chen H, Huang Y, et al. Intranasal delivery of engineered extracellular vesicles loaded with miR-206-3p antagomir ameliorates Alzheimer\u2019s disease phenotypes. Theranostics. 2024;14(19):7623\u201344.","journal-title":"Theranostics"},{"key":"2188_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1117172","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2023.1117172","volume":"14","author":"C Wang","year":"2023","unstructured":"Wang C, Zong S, Cui X, Wang X, Wu S, Wang L, et al. The effects of microglia-associated neuroinflammation on Alzheimer\u2019s disease. Front Immunol. 2023;14:1117172.","journal-title":"Front Immunol"},{"issue":"1","key":"2188_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"76","DOI":"10.1186\/s12974-023-02753-6","volume":"20","author":"M Wang","year":"2023","unstructured":"Wang M, Zhang H, Liang J, Huang J, Chen N. Exercise suppresses neuroinflammation for alleviating Alzheimer\u2019s disease. J Neuroinflammation. 2023;20(1):76.","journal-title":"J Neuroinflammation"},{"issue":"5","key":"2188_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2075","DOI":"10.7150\/ijbs.69714","volume":"18","author":"C Wang","year":"2022","unstructured":"Wang C, Chen S, Guo H, Jiang H, Liu H, Fu H, et al. Forsythoside A Mitigates Alzheimer\u2019s-like Pathology by Inhibiting Ferroptosis-mediated Neuroinflammation via Nrf2\/GPX4 Axis Activation. Int J Biol Sci. 2022;18(5):2075\u201390.","journal-title":"Int J Biol Sci"},{"issue":"1","key":"2188_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"206","DOI":"10.1186\/s12974-022-02565-0","volume":"19","author":"D Singh","year":"2022","unstructured":"Singh D. Astrocytic and microglial cells as the modulators of neuroinflammation in Alzheimer\u2019s disease. J Neuroinflammation. 2022;19(1):206.","journal-title":"J Neuroinflammation"},{"key":"2188_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"102575","DOI":"10.1016\/j.conb.2022.102575","volume":"75","author":"A Mangalmurti","year":"2022","unstructured":"Mangalmurti A, Lukens JR. How neurons die in Alzheimer\u2019s disease: Implications for neuroinflammation. Curr Opin Neurobiol. 2022;75:102575.","journal-title":"Curr Opin Neurobiol"},{"issue":"8030","key":"2188_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"634","DOI":"10.1038\/s41586-024-07871-6","volume":"633","author":"GS Green","year":"2024","unstructured":"Green GS, Fujita M, Yang HS, Taga M, Cain A, McCabe C, et al. Cellular communities reveal trajectories of brain ageing and Alzheimer\u2019s disease. Nature. 2024;633(8030):634\u201345.","journal-title":"Nature"},{"issue":"20","key":"2188_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4438","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2023.08.005","volume":"186","author":"V Gazestani","year":"2023","unstructured":"Gazestani V, Kamath T, Nadaf NM, Dougalis A, Burris SJ, Rooney B, et al. Early Alzheimer\u2019s disease pathology in human cortex involves transient cell states. Cell. 2023;186(20):4438\u2013e445323.","journal-title":"Cell"},{"issue":"7964","key":"2188_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"349","DOI":"10.1038\/s41586-023-06120-6","volume":"618","author":"C Depp","year":"2023","unstructured":"Depp C, Sun T, Sasmita AO, Spieth L, Berghoff SA, Nazarenko T, et al. Myelin dysfunction drives amyloid-\u03b2 deposition in models of Alzheimer\u2019s disease. Nature. 2023;618(7964):349\u201357.","journal-title":"Nature"},{"issue":"1","key":"2188_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4710","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-024-49133-z","volume":"15","author":"C Wang","year":"2024","unstructured":"Wang C, Acosta D, McNutt M, Bian J, Ma A, Fu H, et al. A single-cell and spatial RNA-seq database for Alzheimer\u2019s disease (ssREAD). Nat Commun. 2024;15(1):4710.","journal-title":"Nat Commun"},{"issue":"5","key":"2188_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"100097","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tjpad.2025.100097","volume":"12","author":"J Zeng","year":"2025","unstructured":"Zeng J, Zhang R, Xu H, Zhang C, Lu L. Integrative single-cell RNA sequencing and mendelian randomization analysis reveal the potential role of synaptic vesicle cycling-related genes in Alzheimer\u2019s disease. J Prev Alzheimers Dis. 2025;12(5):100097.","journal-title":"J Prev Alzheimers Dis"},{"key":"2188_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"101619","DOI":"10.1016\/j.arr.2022.101619","volume":"77","author":"R Bai","year":"2022","unstructured":"Bai R, Guo J, Ye XY, Xie Y, Xie T. Oxidative stress: The core pathogenesis and mechanism of Alzheimer\u2019s disease. Ageing Res Rev. 2022;77:101619.","journal-title":"Ageing Res Rev"},{"key":"2188_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"102713","DOI":"10.1016\/j.arr.2025.102713","volume":"107","author":"MCB D\u2019Alessandro","year":"2025","unstructured":"D\u2019Alessandro MCB, Kanaan S, Geller M, Pratic\u00f2 D, Daher JPL. Mitochondrial dysfunction in Alzheimer\u2019s disease. Ageing Res Rev. 2025;107:102713.","journal-title":"Ageing Res Rev"},{"key":"2188_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"113248","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopha.2022.113248","volume":"152","author":"L Guan","year":"2022","unstructured":"Guan L, Mao Z, Yang S, Wu G, Chen Y, Yin L, et al. Dioscin alleviates Alzheimer\u2019s disease through regulating RAGE\/NOX4 mediated oxidative stress and inflammation. Biomed Pharmacother. 2022;152:113248.","journal-title":"Biomed Pharmacother"},{"key":"2188_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"101947","DOI":"10.1016\/j.redox.2021.101947","volume":"41","author":"MW Park","year":"2021","unstructured":"Park MW, Cha HW, Kim J, Kim JH, Yang H, Yoon S, et al. NOX4 promotes ferroptosis of astrocytes by oxidative stress-induced lipid peroxidation via the impairment of mitochondrial metabolism in Alzheimer\u2019s diseases. Redox Biol. 2021;41:101947.","journal-title":"Redox Biol"},{"key":"2188_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"102383","DOI":"10.1016\/j.arr.2024.102383","volume":"99","author":"Y Peng","year":"2024","unstructured":"Peng Y, Yao SY, Chen Q, Jin H, Du MQ, Xue YH, et al. True or false? Alzheimer\u2019s disease is type 3 diabetes: Evidences from bench to bedside. Ageing Res Rev. 2024;99:102383.","journal-title":"Ageing Res Rev"},{"key":"2188_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"114550","DOI":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2025.114550","volume":"155","author":"C Sun","year":"2025","unstructured":"Sun C, Gao X, Sha S, Wang S, Shan Y, Li L, et al. Berberine alleviates Alzheimer\u2019s disease by activating autophagy and inhibiting ferroptosis through the JNK-p38MAPK signaling pathway. Int Immunopharmacol. 2025;155:114550.","journal-title":"Int Immunopharmacol"},{"issue":"11","key":"2188_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e70018","DOI":"10.1111\/cpr.70018","volume":"58","author":"F Ma","year":"2025","unstructured":"Ma F, Wang L, Chi H, Li X, Xu Y, Chen K, et al. Exploring the Therapeutic Potential of MIR-140-3p in Osteoarthritis: Targeting CILP and Ferroptosis for Novel Treatment Strategies. Cell Prolif. 2025;58(11):e70018.","journal-title":"Cell Prolif"},{"issue":"13","key":"2188_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e70685","DOI":"10.1111\/jcmm.70685","volume":"29","author":"L Jiang","year":"2025","unstructured":"Jiang L, Jiang Y, Zhou X, Wang L, Zhang S, Jiang C, et al. The Key Role of COA6 in Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma: Metabolic Reprogramming and Regulation of the Immune Microenvironment. J Cell Mol Med. 2025;29(13):e70685.","journal-title":"J Cell Mol Med"},{"issue":"1","key":"2188_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"249","DOI":"10.1186\/s12885-025-13650-x","volume":"25","author":"P Zhang","year":"2025","unstructured":"Zhang P, Wang L, Liu H, Lin S, Guo D. Unveiling the crucial role of glycosylation modification in lung adenocarcinoma metastasis through artificial neural network-based spatial multi-omics single-cell analysis and Mendelian randomization. BMC Cancer. 2025;25(1):249.","journal-title":"BMC Cancer"},{"issue":"1","key":"2188_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"877","DOI":"10.1186\/s12967-025-06725-7","volume":"23","author":"P Zhang","year":"2025","unstructured":"Zhang P, Wang L, Lin H, Han Y, Zhou J, Song H, et al. Integrative multiomics analysis reveals the subtypes and key mechanisms of platinum resistance in gastric cancer: identification of KLF9 as a promising therapeutic target. J Transl Med. 2025;23(1):877.","journal-title":"J Transl Med"}],"updated-by":[{"DOI":"10.1007\/s10238-026-02238-9","type":"correction","label":"Correction","source":"publisher","updated":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,29]],"date-time":"2026-06-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1782691200000}}],"container-title":["Clinical and Experimental Medicine"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s10238-026-02188-2","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s10238-026-02188-2.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s10238-026-02188-2.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,29]],"date-time":"2026-06-29T02:00:56Z","timestamp":1782698456000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s10238-026-02188-2"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,20]]},"references-count":25,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,12]]}},"alternative-id":["2188"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10238-026-02188-2","relation":{},"ISSN":["1591-9528"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1591-9528","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,20]]},"assertion":[{"value":"4 April 2026","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"9 May 2026","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"20 May 2026","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"29 June 2026","order":6,"name":"change_date","label":"Change Date","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"Correction","order":7,"name":"change_type","label":"Change Type","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"A Correction to this paper has been published:","order":8,"name":"change_details","label":"Change Details","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10238-026-02238-9","URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10238-026-02238-9","order":9,"name":"change_details","label":"Change Details","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"The authors declare no competing interests.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}}],"article-number":"231"}}