{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,24]],"date-time":"2026-10-24T12:20:58Z","timestamp":1792844458867,"version":"4.5.0"},"publisher-location":"Berlin, Heidelberg","reference-count":105,"publisher":"Springer Berlin Heidelberg","isbn-type":[{"value":"9783540231318","type":"print"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"DOI":"10.1007\/s10254-004-0027-3","type":"book-chapter","created":{"date-parts":[[2004,7,26]],"date-time":"2004-07-26T15:51:13Z","timestamp":1090857073000},"page":"205-220","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":32,"title":["The Helicobacter pylori vacuoloating cytotoxin: from cellular vacuolation to immunosuppressive activities"],"prefix":"10.1007","author":[{"given":"B.","family":"Gebert","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"W.","family":"Fisher","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"R.","family":"Haas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","reference":[{"key":"11_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"121","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-2836(02)00047-5","volume":"318","author":"M. Adrian","year":"2002","unstructured":"Adrian M, Cover TL, Dubochet J, Heuser JE (2002) Multiple oligomeric states of the Helicobacter pylori vacuolating toxin demonstrated by cryo-electron microscopy. J Mol Biol 318:121\u2013133","journal-title":"J Mol Biol"},{"key":"11_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"77","DOI":"10.1016\/S0168-1656(00)00301-1","volume":"83","author":"T. Aebischer","year":"2000","unstructured":"Aebischer T, Lucas B, Koesling J, Bumann D, Meyer TF (2000) How CD4(+) T cells may eliminate extracellular gastric Helicobacter? J Biotechnol 83:77\u201384","journal-title":"J Biotechnol"},{"key":"11_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"115","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.191.1.115","volume":"191","author":"L.A. Allen","year":"2000","unstructured":"Allen LA, Schlesinger LS, Kang B (2000) Virulent strains of Helicobacter pylori demonstrate delayed phagocytosis and stimulate homotypic phagosome fusion in macrophages. J Exp Med 191:115\u2013128","journal-title":"J Exp Med"},{"key":"11_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"677","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1462-5822.2002.00222.x","volume":"4","author":"M.R. Amieva","year":"2002","unstructured":"Amieva MR, Salama NR, Tompkins LS, Falkow S (2002) Helicobacter pylori enter and survive within multivesicular vacuoles of epithelial cells. Cell Microbiol 4:677\u2013690","journal-title":"Cell Microbiol"},{"key":"11_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1430","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1081919","volume":"300","author":"M.R. Amieva","year":"2003","unstructured":"Amieva MR, Vogelmann R, Covacci A, Tompkins LS, Nelson WJ, Falkow S (2003) Disruption of the epithelial apical-junctional complex by Helicobacter pylori CagA. Science 300:1430\u20131434","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"11_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"17771","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.270.30.17771","volume":"270","author":"J.C. Atherton","year":"1995","unstructured":"Atherton JC, Cao P, Peek RM Jr, Tummuru MKR, Blaser MJ, Cover TL (1995) Mosaicism in vacuolating cytotoxin alleles of Helicobacter pylori. J Biol Chem 270:17771\u201317777","journal-title":"J Biol Chem"},{"issue":"Suppl 1","key":"11_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"39","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2036.18.s1.2.x","volume":"18 [","author":"T. Azuma","year":"2003","unstructured":"Azuma T, Yamazaki S, Yamakawa A, Ito Y, Ohtani M, Dojo M, Yamazaki Y, Higashi H, Hatakeyama M (2003) The effects of cure of Helicobacter pylori infection on the signal transduction of gastric epithelial cells. Aliment Pharmacol Ther 18 [Suppl 1]:39\u201344","journal-title":"Aliment Pharmacol Ther"},{"key":"11_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"591","DOI":"10.1155\/1999\/142457","volume":"13","author":"T.G. Blanchard","year":"1999","unstructured":"Blanchard TG, Nedrud JG, Czinn SJ (1999) Local and systemic antibody responses in humans with Helicobacter pylori infection. Can J Gastroenterol 13:591\u2013594","journal-title":"Can J Gastroenterol"},{"key":"11_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI117336","volume":"94","author":"M.J. Blaser","year":"1994","unstructured":"Blaser MJ, Parsonnet J (1994) Parasitism by the \u201cslow\u201d bacterium Helicobacter pylori leads to altered gastric homeostasis and neoplasia. J Clin Invest 94:4\u20138","journal-title":"J Clin Invest"},{"key":"11_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1887","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.20030621","volume":"198","author":"M. Boncristiano","year":"2003","unstructured":"Boncristiano M, Paccani SR, Barone S, Ulivieri C, Patrussi L, Ilver D, Amedei A, D\u2019Elios MM, Telford JL, et al (2003) The Helicobacter pylori vacuolating toxin inhibits T cell activation by two independent mechanisms. J Exp Med 198:1887\u20131897","journal-title":"J Exp Med"},{"key":"11_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"255","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1462-5822.2004.00366.x","volume":"6","author":"I. Busiello","year":"2004","unstructured":"Busiello I, Acquaviva R, Di Popolo A, Blanchard TG, Ricci V, Romano M, Zarrilli R (2004) Helicobacter pylori gamma-glutamyltranspeptidase upregulates COX-2 and EGF-related peptide expression in human gastric cells. Cell Microbiol 6:255\u2013267","journal-title":"Cell Microbiol"},{"key":"11_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"10570","DOI":"10.1016\/S0021-9258(19)50054-0","volume":"267","author":"T.L. Cover","year":"1992","unstructured":"Cover TL, Blaser MJ (1992) Purification and characterization of the vacuolating toxin from Helicobacter pylori. J Biol Chem 267:10570\u201310575","journal-title":"J Biol Chem"},{"key":"11_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"10566","DOI":"10.1016\/S0021-9258(17)34097-8","volume":"269","author":"T.L. Cover","year":"1994","unstructured":"Cover TL, Tummuru MKR, Cao P, Thompson S, Blaser MJ (1994) Divergence of genetic sequences for the vacuolating cytotoxin among Helicobacter pylori strains. J Biol Chem 269:10566\u201310573","journal-title":"J Biol Chem"},{"key":"11_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"759","DOI":"10.1083\/jcb.138.4.759","volume":"138","author":"T.L. Cover","year":"1997","unstructured":"Cover TL, Hanson PI, Heuser JE (1997) Acid-induced dissociation of VacA, the Helicobacter pylori vacuolating cytotoxin, reveals its pattern of assembly. J Cell Biol 138:759\u2013769","journal-title":"J Cell Biol"},{"key":"11_CR15","first-page":"951","volume":"63","author":"T.L. Cover","year":"2003","unstructured":"Cover TL, Krishna US, Israel DA, Peek RM Jr (2003) Induction of gastric epithelial cell apoptosis by Helicobacter pylori vacuolating cytotoxin. Cancer Res 63:951\u2013957","journal-title":"Cancer Res"},{"key":"11_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2001","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.96.5.2001","volume":"96","author":"D.M. Czajkowsky","year":"1999","unstructured":"Czajkowsky DM, Iwamoto H, Cover TL, Shao Z (1999) The vacuolating toxin from Helicobacter pylori forms hexameric pores in lipid bilayers at low pH. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 96:2001\u20132006","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci USA"},{"key":"11_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"665","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2958.1997.5881952.x","volume":"26","author":"M. Bernard de","year":"1997","unstructured":"de Bernard M, Arico B, Papini E, Rizzuto R, Grandi G, Rappuoli R, Montecucco C (1997) Helicobacter pylori toxin VacA induces vacuole formation by acting in the cell cytosol. Mol Microbiol 26:665\u2013674","journal-title":"Mol Microbiol"},{"key":"11_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6014","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.66.12.6014-6016.1998","volume":"66","author":"M. Bernard de","year":"1998","unstructured":"de Bernard M, Burroni D, Papini E, Rappuoli R, Telford J, Montecucco C (1998) Identification of the Helicobacter pylori VacA toxin domain active in the cell cytosol. Infect Immun 66:6014\u20136016","journal-title":"Infect Immun"},{"key":"11_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"48","DOI":"10.1093\/emboj\/19.1.48","volume":"19","author":"M. Bernard de","year":"2000","unstructured":"de Bernard M, Moschioni M, Napolitani G, Rappuoli R, Montecucco C (2000) The VacA toxin of Helicobacter pylori identifies a new intermediate filament-interacting protein. EMBO J 19:48\u201356","journal-title":"EMBO J"},{"key":"11_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"11","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1462-5822.2002.00163.x","volume":"4","author":"M. Bernard de","year":"2002","unstructured":"de Bernard M, Moschioni M, Habermann A, Griffiths G, Montecucco C (2002) Cell vacuolization induced by Helicobacter pylori VacA cytotoxin does not depend on late endosomal SNAREs. Cell Microbiol 4:11\u201318","journal-title":"Cell Microbiol"},{"key":"11_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2277","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.188.12.2277","volume":"188","author":"T.H. Ermak","year":"1998","unstructured":"Ermak TH, Giannasca PJ, Nichols R, Myers GA, Nedrud J, Weltzin R, Lee CK, Kleanthous H, Monath TP (1998) Immunization of mice with urease vaccine affords protection against Helicobacter pylori infection in the absence of antibodies and is mediated by MHC class II-restricted responses. J Exp Med 188:2277\u20132288","journal-title":"J Exp Med"},{"key":"11_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1918","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.165.4.1918","volume":"165","author":"X. Fan","year":"2000","unstructured":"Fan X, Gunasena H, Cheng Z, Espejo R, Crowe SE, Ernst PB, Reyes VE (2000) Helicobacter pylori urease binds to class II MHC on gastric epithelial cells and induces their apoptosis. J Immunol 165:1918\u20131924","journal-title":"J Immunol"},{"key":"11_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1379","DOI":"10.1136\/gut.35.10.1379","volume":"35","author":"X.J. Fan","year":"1994","unstructured":"Fan XJ, Chua A, Shahi CN, McDevitt J, Keeling PW, Kelleher D (1994) Gastric T lymphocyte responses to Helicobacter pylori in patients with H pylori colonisation. Gut 35:1379\u20131384","journal-title":"Gut"},{"key":"11_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"435","DOI":"10.1016\/S0092-8674(00)80754-0","volume":"97","author":"G. Ferrari","year":"1999","unstructured":"Ferrari G, Langen H, Naito M, Pieters J (1999) A coat protein on phagosomes involved in the intracellular survival of mycobacteria. Cell 97:435\u2013447","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"11_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6769","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.69.11.6769-6775.2001","volume":"69","author":"W. Fischer","year":"2001","unstructured":"Fischer W, Buhrdorf R, Gerland E, Haas R (2001) Outer membrane targeting of passenger proteins by the vacuolating cytotoxin autotransporter of Helicobacter pylori. Infect Immun 69:6769\u20136775","journal-title":"Infect Immun"},{"key":"11_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3088","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.66.7.3088-3094.1998","volume":"66","author":"M.H. Forsyth","year":"1998","unstructured":"Forsyth MH, Atherton JC, Blaser MJ, Cover TL (1998) Heterogeneity in levels of vacuolating cytotoxin gene (vacA) transcription among Helicobacter pylori strains. Infect Immun 66:3088\u20133094","journal-title":"Infect Immun"},{"key":"11_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"375","DOI":"10.1038\/ng1112","volume":"33","author":"A. Fujikawa","year":"2003","unstructured":"Fujikawa A, Shirasaka D, Yamamoto S, Ota H, Yahiro K, Fukada M, Shintani T, Wada A, Aoyama N, et al (2003) Mice deficient in protein tyrosine phosphatase receptor type Z are resistant to gastric ulcer induction by VacA of Helicobacter pylori. Nat Genet 33:375\u2013381","journal-title":"Nat Genet"},{"key":"11_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6361","DOI":"10.1093\/emboj\/19.23.6361","volume":"19","author":"A. Galmiche","year":"2000","unstructured":"Galmiche A, Rassow J, Doye A, Cagnol S, Chambard JC, Contamin S, de T, V, Just I, Ricci V, et al (2000) The N-terminal 34 kDa fragment of Helicobacter pylori vacuolating cytotoxin targets mitochondria and induces cytochrome c release. EMBO J 19:6361\u20136370","journal-title":"EMBO J"},{"key":"11_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9481","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M312040200","volume":"279","author":"N.C. Gauthier","year":"2004","unstructured":"Gauthier NC, Ricci V, Gounon P, Doye A, Tauc M, Poujeol P, Boquet P (2004) Glycosylphosphatidylinositol-anchored proteins and actin cytoskeleton modulate chloride transport by channels formed by the Helicobacter pylori vacuolating cytotoxin VacA in HeLa cells. J Biol Chem 279:9481\u20139489","journal-title":"J Biol Chem"},{"key":"11_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1099","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1086871","volume":"301","author":"B. Gebert","year":"2003","unstructured":"Gebert B, Fischer W, Weiss E, Hoffmann R, Haas R (2003) Helicobacter pylori vacuolating cytotoxin inhibits T lymphocyte activation. Science 301:1099\u20131102","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"11_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"103","DOI":"10.1006\/bbrc.2001.5950","volume":"289","author":"E.E. Hennig","year":"2001","unstructured":"Hennig EE, Butruk E, Ostrowski J (2001) RACK1 protein interacts with Helicobacter pylori VacA cytotoxin: the yeast two-hybrid approach. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 289:103\u2013110","journal-title":"Biochem Biophys Res Commun"},{"key":"11_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"14009","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.C000153200","volume":"275","author":"N.A. Hotchin","year":"2000","unstructured":"Hotchin NA, Cover TL, Akhtar N (2000) Cell vacuolation induced by the VacA cytotoxin of Helicobacter pylori is regulated by the Rac1 GTPase. J Biol Chem 275:14009\u201314012","journal-title":"J Biol Chem"},{"key":"11_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"46785","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M208068200","volume":"277","author":"O.C. Ikonomov","year":"2002","unstructured":"Ikonomov OC, Sbrissa D, Yoshimori T, Cover TL, Shisheva A (2002) PIKfyve Kinase and SKD1 AAA ATPase define distinct endocytic compartments. Only PIKfyve expression inhibits the cell-vacuolating activity of Helicobacter pylori VacA toxin. J Biol Chem 277:46785\u201346790","journal-title":"J Biol Chem"},{"key":"11_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"167","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1462-5822.2003.00349.x","volume":"6","author":"D. Ilver","year":"2004","unstructured":"Ilver D, Barone S, Mercati D, Lupetti P, Telford JL (2004) Helicobacter pylori toxin VacA is transferred to host cells via a novel contact-dependent mechanism. Cell Microbiol 6:167\u2013174","journal-title":"Cell Microbiol"},{"key":"11_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"101","DOI":"10.1016\/S0014-5793(99)00474-3","volume":"450","author":"H. Iwamoto","year":"1999","unstructured":"Iwamoto H, Czajkowsky DM, Cover TL, Szabo G, Shao Z (1999) VacA from Helicobacter pylori: a hexameric chloride channel. FEBS LETT 450:101\u2013104","journal-title":"FEBS LETT"},{"key":"11_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"821","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1462-5822.2003.00324.x","volume":"5","author":"S. J\u00fcttner","year":"2003","unstructured":"J\u00fcttner S, Cramer T, Wessler S, Walduck A, Gao F, Schmitz F, Wunder C, Weber M, Fischer SM, et al (2003) Helicobacter pylori stimulates host cyclooxygenase-2 gene transcription: critical importance of MEK\/ERK-dependent activation of USF1\/-2 and CREB transcription factors. Cell Microbiol 5:821\u2013834","journal-title":"Cell Microbiol"},{"key":"11_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"157","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1574-695X.1994.tb00438.x","volume":"8","author":"U. Knipp","year":"1994","unstructured":"Knipp U, Birkholz S, Kaup W, Mahnke K, Opferkuch W (1994) Suppression of human mononuclear cell response by Helicobacter pylori: effects on isolated monocytes and lymphocytes. FEMS Immunol Med Microbiol 8:157\u2013166","journal-title":"FEMS Immunol Med Microbiol"},{"key":"11_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5080","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.69.8.5080-5087.2001","volume":"69","author":"D. Kuck","year":"2001","unstructured":"Kuck D, Kolmerer B, Iking-Konert C, Krammer PH, Stremmel W, Rudi J (2001) Vacuolating cytotoxin of Helicobacter pylori induces apoptosis in the human gastric epithelial cell line AGS. Infect Immun 69: 5080\u20135087","journal-title":"Infect Immun"},{"key":"11_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"640","DOI":"10.1016\/S0006-291X(03)00380-2","volume":"303","author":"C.H. Kuo","year":"2003","unstructured":"Kuo CH, Wang WC (2003) Binding and internalization of Helicobacter pylori VacA via cellular lipid rafts in epithelial cells. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 303:640\u2013644","journal-title":"Biochem Biophys Res Commun"},{"key":"11_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2108","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.70.4.2108-2120.2002","volume":"70","author":"T. Kwok","year":"2002","unstructured":"Kwok T, Backert S, Schwarz H, Berger J, Meyer TF (2002) Specific entry of Helicobacter pylori into cultured gastric epithelial cells via a zipper-like mechanism. Infect Immun 70:2108\u20132120","journal-title":"Infect Immun"},{"key":"11_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3278","DOI":"10.1128\/JB.182.11.3278-3280.2000","volume":"182","author":"D.P. Letley","year":"2000","unstructured":"Letley DP, Atherton JC (2000) Natural diversity in the N terminus of the mature vacuolating cytotoxin of Helicobacter pylori determines cytotoxin activity. J Bacteriol 182:3278\u20133280","journal-title":"J Bacteriol"},{"key":"11_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"26734","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M304071200","volume":"278","author":"D.P. Letley","year":"2003","unstructured":"Letley DP, Rhead JL, Twells RJ, Dove B, Atherton JC (2003) Determinants of non-toxicity in the gastric pathogen Helicobacter pylori. J Biol Chem 278:26734\u201326741","journal-title":"J Biol Chem"},{"key":"11_CR43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"93","DOI":"10.1099\/00222615-26-2-93","volume":"26","author":"R.D. Leunk","year":"1988","unstructured":"Leunk RD, Johnson PT, David BC, Kraft WG, Morgan DR (1988) Cytotoxic activity in broth-culture filtrates of Campylobacter pylori. J Med Microbiol 26:93\u201399","journal-title":"J Med Microbiol"},{"key":"11_CR44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1946","DOI":"10.1091\/mbc.e03-08-0618","volume":"15","author":"Y. Li","year":"2004","unstructured":"Li Y, Wandinger-Ness A, Goldenring JR, Cover TL (2004) Clustering and redistribution of late endocytic compartments in response to Helicobacter pylori vacuolating toxin. Mol Biol Cell 15:1946\u20131959","journal-title":"Mol Biol Cell"},{"key":"11_CR45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1714","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.69.3.1714-1721.2001","volume":"69","author":"B. Lucas","year":"2001","unstructured":"Lucas B, Bumann D, Walduck A, Koesling J, Develioglu L, Meyer TF, Aebischer T (2001) Adoptive transfer of CD4(+) T cells specific for subunit A of Helicobacter pylori urease reduces H. pylori stomach colonization in mice in the absence of interleukin-4 (IL-4)\/IL-13 receptor signaling. Infect Immun 69:1714\u20131721","journal-title":"Infect Immun"},{"key":"11_CR46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"801","DOI":"10.1083\/jcb.133.4.801","volume":"133","author":"P. Lupetti","year":"1996","unstructured":"Lupetti P, Heuser JE, Manetti R, Massari P, Lanzavecchia S, Bellon, PL, Dallai R, Rappuoli R, et al (1996) Oligomeric and subunit structure of the Helicobacter pylori vacuolating cytotoxin. J Cell Biol 133: 801\u2013807","journal-title":"J Cell Biol"},{"key":"11_CR47","first-page":"3238","volume":"56","author":"E.E. Mannick","year":"1996","unstructured":"Mannick EE, Bravo LE, Zarama G, Realpe JL, Zhang XJ, Ruiz B, Fontham ET, Mera R, Miller MJ, et al (1996) Inducible nitric oxide synthase, nitrotyrosine, and apoptosis in Helicobacter pylori gastritis: effect of antibiotics and antioxidants. Cancer Res 56:3238\u20133243","journal-title":"Cancer Res"},{"key":"11_CR48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1655","DOI":"10.1126\/science.7886456","volume":"267","author":"M. Marchetti","year":"1995","unstructured":"Marchetti M, Arico B, Burroni D, Figura N, Rappuoli R, Ghiara P (1995) Development of a mouse model of Helicobacter pylori infection that mimics human disease. Science 267:1655\u20131658","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"11_CR49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1181","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.69.2.1181-1184.2001","volume":"69","author":"M.S. McClain","year":"2001","unstructured":"McClain MS, Cao P, Cover TL (2001a) Amino-terminal hydrophobic region of Helicobacter pylori vacuolating cytotoxin (VacA) mediates transmembrane protein dimerization. Infect Immun 69:1181\u20131184","journal-title":"Infect Immun"},{"key":"11_CR50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6499","DOI":"10.1128\/JB.183.22.6499-6508.2001","volume":"183","author":"M.S. McClain","year":"2001","unstructured":"McClain MS, Cao P, Iwamoto H, Vinion-Dubiel AD, Szabo G, Shao Z, Cover TL (2001b) A 12-amino-acid segment, present in type s2 but not type s1 Helicobacter pylori VacA proteins, abolishes cytotoxin activity and alters membrane channel formation. J Bacteriol 183:6499\u20136508","journal-title":"J Bacteriol"},{"key":"11_CR51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"McClain MS, Iwamoto H, Cao P, Vinion-Dubiel AD, Li Y, Szabo G, Shao Z, Cover TL (2003) Essential role of a GXXXG motif for membrane channel formation by Helicobacter pylori vacuolating toxin. J Biol Chem","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M212595200"},{"key":"11_CR52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"25339","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.272.40.25339","volume":"272","author":"M. Molinari","year":"1997","unstructured":"Molinari M, Galli C, Norais N, Telford JL, Rappuoli R, Luzio JP, Montecucco C (1997) Vacuoles induced by Helicobacter pylori toxin contain both late endosomal and lysosomal markers. J Biol Chem 272:25339\u201325344","journal-title":"J Biol Chem"},{"key":"11_CR53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"334","DOI":"10.1006\/bbrc.1998.8808","volume":"248","author":"M. Molinari","year":"1998","unstructured":"Molinari M, Galli C, de Bernard M, Norais N, Ruysschaert JM, Rappuoli R, Montecucco C (1998a) The acid activation of Helicobacter pylori toxin VacA: structural and membrane binding studies. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 248:334\u2013340","journal-title":"Biochem Biophys Res Commun"},{"key":"11_CR54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"135","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.187.1.135","volume":"187","author":"M. Molinari","year":"1998","unstructured":"Molinari M, Salio M, Galli C, Norais N, Rappuoli R, Lanzavecchia A, Montecucco C (1998b) Selective inhibition of Ii-dependent antigen presentation by Helicobacter pylori toxin VacA. J Exp Med 187:135\u2013140","journal-title":"J Exp Med"},{"key":"11_CR55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"947","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1432-1033.1995.947_a.x","volume":"234","author":"G. Moll","year":"1995","unstructured":"Moll G, Papini E, Colonna R, Burroni D, Telford J, Rappuoli R, Montecucco C (1995) Lipid interaction of the 37-kDa and 58-kDa fragments of the Helicobacter pylori cytotoxin. Eur J Biochem 234:947\u2013952","journal-title":"Eur J Biochem"},{"key":"11_CR56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1767","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.20031839","volume":"198","author":"C. Montecucco","year":"2003","unstructured":"Montecucco C, de Bernard M (2003) Immunosuppressive and proinflammatory activities of the VacA toxin of Helicobacter pylori. J Exp Med 198:1767\u20131771","journal-title":"J Exp Med"},{"key":"11_CR57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"498","DOI":"10.1136\/gut.38.4.498","volume":"38","author":"S.F. Moss","year":"1996","unstructured":"Moss SF, Calam J, Agarwal B, Wang S, Holt PR (1996) Induction of gastric epithelial apoptosis by Helicobacter pylori. Gut 38:498\u2013501","journal-title":"Gut"},{"key":"11_CR58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7024","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M308898200","volume":"279","author":"M. Nakayama","year":"2004","unstructured":"Nakayama M, Kimura M, Wada A, Yahiro K, Ogushi K, Niidome T, Fujikawa A, Shirasaka D, Aoyama N, et al (2004) Helicobacter pylori VacA activates the p38\/activating transcription factor 2-mediated signal pathway in AZ-521 cells. J Biol Chem 279:7024\u20137028","journal-title":"J Biol Chem"},{"key":"11_CR59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"G309","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpgi.00546.2001","volume":"283","author":"B. Neu","year":"2002","unstructured":"Neu B, Randlkofer P, Neuhofer M, Voland P, Mayerhofer A, Gerhard M, Schepp W, Prinz C (2002) Helicobacter pylori induces apoptosis of rat gastric parietal cells. Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol 283: G309\u2013G318","journal-title":"Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol"},{"key":"11_CR60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"543","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.69.1.543-546.2001","volume":"69","author":"V.Q. Nguyen","year":"2001","unstructured":"Nguyen VQ, Caprioli RM, Cover TL (2001) Carboxy-terminal proteolytic processing of Helicobacter pylori vacuolating toxin. Infect Immun 69:543\u2013546","journal-title":"Infect Immun"},{"key":"11_CR61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1497","DOI":"10.1126\/science.287.5457.1497","volume":"287","author":"S. Odenbreit","year":"2000","unstructured":"Odenbreit S, P\u00fcls J, Sedlmaier B, Gerland E, Fischer W, Haas R (2000) Translocation of Helicobacter pylori CagA into gastric epithelial cells by type IV secretion. Science 287:1497\u20131500","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"11_CR62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"21","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1462-5822.2001.00088.x","volume":"3","author":"S. Odenbreit","year":"2001","unstructured":"Odenbreit S, Gebert B, P\u00fcls J, Fischer W, Haas R (2001) Interaction of Helicobacter pylori with professional phagocytes: role of the cag pathogenicity island and translocation, phosphorylation and specific processing of CagA. Cell Microbiol 3:21\u201331","journal-title":"Cell Microbiol"},{"key":"11_CR63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1601","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.192.11.1601","volume":"192","author":"K. Ogura","year":"2000","unstructured":"Ogura K, Maeda S, Nakao M, Watanabe T, Tada M, Kyutoku T, Yoshida H, Shiratori Y, Omata M (2000) Virulence factors of Helicobacter pylori responsible for gastric diseases in Mongolian gerbil. J Exp Med 192: 1601\u20131610","journal-title":"J Exp Med"},{"key":"11_CR64","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"104","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1432-1327.2000.00970.x","volume":"267","author":"C. Pagliaccia","year":"2000","unstructured":"Pagliaccia C, Wang XM, Tardy F, Telford JL, Ruysschaert JM, Cabiaux V (2000) Structure and interaction of VacA of Helicobacter pylori with a lipid membrane. Eur J Biochem 267:104\u2013109","journal-title":"Eur J Biochem"},{"key":"11_CR65","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"323","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2958.1993.tb01123.x","volume":"7","author":"E. Papini","year":"1993","unstructured":"Papini E, Bugnoli M, de Bernard M, Figura N, Rappuoli R, Montecucco C (1993) Bafilomycin A1 inhibits Helicobacter pylori induced vacuolization of HeLa cells. Mol Microbiol 7:323\u2013327","journal-title":"Mol Microbiol"},{"key":"11_CR66","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"15","DOI":"10.1093\/emboj\/16.1.15","volume":"16","author":"E. Papini","year":"1997","unstructured":"Papini E, Satin B, Bucci C, Debernard M, Telford JL, Manetti R, Rappuoli R, Zerial M, Montecucco C (1997) The small GTP-binding protein Rab7 is essential for cellular vacuolation induced by Helicobacter pylori cytotoxin. EMBO J 16:15\u201324","journal-title":"EMBO J"},{"key":"11_CR67","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"813","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI2764","volume":"102","author":"E. Papini","year":"1998","unstructured":"Papini E, Satin B, Norais N, de Bernard M, Telford JL, Rappuoli R, Montecucco C (1998) Selective increase of the permeability of polarized epithelial cell monolayers by Helicobacter pylori vacuolating toxin. J Clin Invest 102:813\u2013820","journal-title":"J Clin Invest"},{"key":"11_CR68","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4112","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.70.8.4112-4123.2002","volume":"70","author":"H.K. Patel","year":"2002","unstructured":"Patel HK, Willhite DC, Patel RM, Ye D, Williams CL, Torres EM, Marty KB, MacDonald RA, Blanke SR (2002) Plasma membrane cholesterol modulates cellular vacuolation induced by the Helicobacter pylori vacuolating cytotoxin. Infect Immun 70:4112\u20134123","journal-title":"Infect Immun"},{"key":"11_CR69","first-page":"6124","volume":"59","author":"R.M. Peek Jr","year":"1999","unstructured":"Peek RM Jr, Blaser MJ, Mays DJ, Forsyth MH, Cover TL, Song SY, Krishna U, Pietenpol JA (1999) Helicobacter pylori strain-specific genotypes and modulation of the gastric epithelial cell cycle. Cancer Res 59:6124\u20136131","journal-title":"Cancer Res"},{"key":"11_CR70","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2043","DOI":"10.1099\/13500872-145-8-2043","volume":"145","author":"V. Pelicic","year":"1999","unstructured":"Pelicic V, Reyrat JM, Sartori L, Pagliaccia C, Rappuoli R, Telford JL, Montecucco C, Papini E (1999) Helicobacter pylori VacA cytotoxin associated with the bacteria increases epithelial permeability independently of its vacuolating activity. Microbiology 145 (Pt 8):2043\u20132050","journal-title":"Microbiology"},{"key":"11_CR71","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"103","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1574-695X.2001.tb01556.x","volume":"30","author":"A.M. Petersen","year":"2001","unstructured":"Petersen AM, Sorensen K, Blom J, Krogfelt KA (2001) Reduced intracellular survival of Helicobacter pylori vacA mutants in comparison with their wild-types indicates the role of VacA in pathogenesis. FEMS Immunol Med Microbiol 30:103\u2013108","journal-title":"FEMS Immunol Med Microbiol"},{"key":"11_CR72","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1389","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2958.2000.02089.x","volume":"37","author":"N. Ramarao","year":"2000","unstructured":"Ramarao N, Gray-Owen SD, Backert S, Meyer TF (2000) Helicobacter pylori inhibits phagocytosis by professional phagocytes involving type IV secretion components. Mol Microbiol 37:1389\u20131404","journal-title":"Mol Microbiol"},{"key":"11_CR73","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3897","DOI":"10.1091\/mbc.11.11.3897","volume":"11","author":"V. Ricci","year":"2000","unstructured":"Ricci V, Galmiche A, Doye A, Necchi V, Solcia E, Boquet P (2000) High cell sensitivity to Helicobacter pylori VacA toxin depends on a GPI-anchored protein and is not blocked by inhibition of the clathrin-mediated pathway of endocytosis. Mol Biol Cell 11:3897\u20133909","journal-title":"Mol Biol Cell"},{"key":"11_CR74","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"887","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1462-5822.2003.00328.x","volume":"5","author":"M.G. Rittig","year":"2003","unstructured":"Rittig MG, Shaw B, Letley DP, Thomas RJ, Argent RH, Atherton JC (2003) Helicobacter pylori-induced homotypic phagosome fusion in human monocytes is independent of the bacterial vacA and cag status. Cell Microbiol 5:887\u2013899","journal-title":"Cell Microbiol"},{"key":"11_CR75","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1506","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI2808","volume":"102","author":"J. Rudi","year":"1998","unstructured":"Rudi J, Kuck D, Strand S, von Herbay A, Mariani SM, Krammer PH, Galle PR, Stremmel W (1998) Involvement of the CD95 (APO-1\/Fas) receptor and ligand system in Helicobacter pylori-induced gastric epithelial apoptosis. J Clin Invest 102:1506\u20131514","journal-title":"J Clin Invest"},{"key":"11_CR76","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"730","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.69.2.730-736.2001","volume":"69","author":"N.R. Salama","year":"2001","unstructured":"Salama NR, Otto G, Tompkins L, Falkow S (2001) Vacuolating cytotoxin of Helicobacter pylori plays a role during colonization in a mouse model of infection. Infect Immun 69:730\u2013736","journal-title":"Infect Immun"},{"key":"11_CR77","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"25022","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.272.40.25022","volume":"272","author":"B. Satin","year":"1997","unstructured":"Satin B, Norais N, Telford J, Rappuoli R, Murgia M, Montecucco C, Papini E (1997) Effect of Helicobacter pylori vacuolating toxin on maturation and extracellular release of procathepsin D and on epidermal growth factor degradation. J Biol Chem 272:25022\u201325028","journal-title":"J Biol Chem"},{"key":"11_CR78","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"307","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2958.1994.tb01019.x","volume":"12","author":"W. Schmitt","year":"1994","unstructured":"Schmitt W, Haas R (1994) Genetic analysis of the Helicobacter pylori vacuolating cytotoxin: structural similarities with the IgA protease type of exported protein. Mol Microbiol 12:307\u2013319","journal-title":"Mol Microbiol"},{"key":"11_CR79","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"34642","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M203466200","volume":"277","author":"W. Schraw","year":"2002","unstructured":"Schraw W, Li Y, McClain MS, van der Goot FG, Cover TL (2002) Association of Helicobacter pylori vacuolating toxin (VacA) with lipid rafts. J Biol Chem 277:34642\u201334650","journal-title":"J Biol Chem"},{"key":"11_CR80","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"347","DOI":"10.1016\/S0014-5793(98)00788-1","volume":"431","author":"K. Seto","year":"1998","unstructured":"Seto K, Hayashi-Kuwabara Y, Yoneta T, Suda H, Tamaki H (1998) Vacuolation induced by cytotoxin from Helicobacter pylori is mediated by the EGF receptor in HeLa cells. FEBS Lett 431:347\u2013350","journal-title":"FEBS Lett"},{"key":"11_CR81","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"72","DOI":"10.1086\/513827","volume":"177","author":"M. Shirai","year":"1998","unstructured":"Shirai M, Arichi T, Nakazawa T, Berzofsky JA (1998) Persistent infection by Helicobacter pylori down-modulates virus-specific CD8+ cytotoxic T cell response and prolongs viral infection. J Infect Dis 177:72\u201380","journal-title":"J Infect Dis"},{"key":"11_CR82","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2603","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.168.6.2603","volume":"168","author":"V. Supajatura","year":"2002","unstructured":"Supajatura V, Ushio H, Wada A, Yahiro K, Okumura K, Ogawa H, Hirayama T, Ra C (2002) Cutting edge: VacA, a vacuolating cytotoxin of Helicobacter pylori, directly activates mast cells for migration and production of proinflammatory cytokines. J Immunol 168:2603\u20132607","journal-title":"J Immunol"},{"key":"11_CR83","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"363","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI10254","volume":"107","author":"J. Suzuki","year":"2001","unstructured":"Suzuki J, Ohnsihi H, Shibata H, Wada A, Hirayama T, Iiri T, Ueda N, Kanamaru C, Tsuchida T, et al (2001) Dynamin is involved in human epithelial cell vacuolation caused by the Helicobacter pylori-produced cytotoxin VacA. J Clin Invest 107:363\u2013370","journal-title":"J Clin Invest"},{"key":"11_CR84","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"25585","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M212445200","volume":"278","author":"J. Suzuki","year":"2003","unstructured":"Suzuki J, Ohnishi H, Wada A, Hirayama T, Ohno H, Ueda N, Yasuda H, Iiri T, Wada Y, et al (2003) Involvement of syntaxin 7 in human gastric epithelial cell vacuolation induced by the Helicobacter pylori-produced cytotoxin VacA. J Biol Chem 278:25585\u201325590","journal-title":"J Biol Chem"},{"key":"11_CR85","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"318","DOI":"10.1007\/s004280100430","volume":"440","author":"K. Suzuki","year":"2002","unstructured":"Suzuki K, Kokai Y, Sawada N, Takakuwa R, Kuwahara K, Isogai E, Isogai H, Mori M (2002) SS1 Helicobacter pylori disrupts the paracellular barrier of the gastric mucosa and leads to neutrophilic gastritis in mice. Virchows Arch 440:318\u2013324","journal-title":"Virchows Arch"},{"key":"11_CR86","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5517","DOI":"10.1093\/emboj\/18.20.5517","volume":"18","author":"I. Szabo","year":"1999","unstructured":"Szabo I, Brutsche S, Tombola F, Moschioni M, Satin B, Telford JL, Rappuoli R, Montecucco C, Papini E, et al (1999) Formation of anion-selective channels in the cell plasma membrane by the toxin VacA of Helicobacter pylori is required for its biological activity. EMBO J 18:5517\u20135527","journal-title":"EMBO J"},{"key":"11_CR87","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1653","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.179.5.1653","volume":"179","author":"J.L. Telford","year":"1994","unstructured":"Telford JL, Ghiara P, Dell\u2019Orco M, Commanducci M, Burroni D, Bugnoli M, Tecce MF, Censini S, Covacci A, et al (1994) Gene structure of the Helicobacter pylori cytotoxin and evidence of its key role in gastric disease. J Exp Med 179:1653\u20131658","journal-title":"J Exp Med"},{"key":"11_CR88","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"498","DOI":"10.1016\/S0952-7915(97)80101-X","volume":"9","author":"J.L. Telford","year":"1997","unstructured":"Telford JL, Covacci A, Rappuoli R, Chiara P (1997) Immunobiology of Helicobacter pylori infection. Curr Opin Immunol 9:498\u2013503","journal-title":"Curr Opin Immunol"},{"key":"11_CR89","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2943","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.66.6.2943-2950.1998","volume":"66","author":"A.M. Terres","year":"1998","unstructured":"Terres AM, Pajares JM, Hopkins AM, Murphy A, Moran A, Baird AW, Kelleher D (1998) Helicobacter pylori disrupts epithelial barrier function in a process inhibited by protein kinase C activators. Infect Immun 66: 2943\u20132950","journal-title":"Infect Immun"},{"key":"11_CR90","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"221","DOI":"10.1016\/S0014-5793(99)01348-4","volume":"460","author":"F. Tombola","year":"1999","unstructured":"Tombola F, Oregna F, Brutsche S, Szabo I, Del GG, Rappuoli R, Montecucco C, Papini E, Zoratti M (1999) Inhibition of the vacuolating and anion channel activities of the VacA toxin of Helicobacter pylori. FEBS Lett 460:221\u2013225","journal-title":"FEBS Lett"},{"key":"11_CR91","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"929","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI13045","volume":"108","author":"F. Tombola","year":"2001","unstructured":"Tombola F, Morbiato L, Del Giudice G, Rappuoli R, Zoratti M, Papini E (2001) The Helicobacter pylori VacA toxin is a urea permease that promotes urea diffusion across epithelia. J Clin Invest 108:929\u2013937","journal-title":"J Clin Invest"},{"key":"11_CR92","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2324","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M310159200","volume":"279","author":"V.J. Torres","year":"2004","unstructured":"Torres VJ, McClain MS, Cover TL (2004) Interactions between p-33 and p-55 domains of the Helicobacter pylori vacuolating cytotoxin (VacA). J Biol Chem 279:2324\u20132331","journal-title":"J Biol Chem"},{"key":"11_CR93","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"187","DOI":"10.1016\/S0300-9084(02)01370-6","volume":"84","author":"Y. Tsujimoto","year":"2002","unstructured":"Tsujimoto Y, Shimizu S (2002) The voltage-dependent anion channel: an essential player in apoptosis. Biochimie 84:187\u2013193","journal-title":"Biochimie"},{"key":"11_CR94","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"37736","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.274.53.37736","volume":"274","author":"A.D. Vinion-Dubiel","year":"1999","unstructured":"Vinion-Dubiel AD, McClain MS, Czajkowsky DM, Iwamoto H, Ye D, Cao P, Schraw W, Szabo G, Blanke SR, et al (1999) A dominant negative mutant of Helicobacter pylori vacuolating toxin (VacA) inhibits VacA-induced cell vacuolation. J Biol Chem 274:37736\u201337742","journal-title":"J Biol Chem"},{"key":"11_CR95","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1836","DOI":"10.1016\/S0016-5085(97)70003-9","volume":"113","author":"S. Wagner","year":"1997","unstructured":"Wagner S, Beil W, Westermann J, Logan RP, Bock CT, Trautwein C, Bleck JS, Manns MP (1997) Regulation of gastric epithelial cell growth by Helicobacter pylori: offdence for a major role of apoptosis. Gastroenterology 113: 1836\u20131847","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"key":"11_CR96","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"926","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.167.2.926","volume":"167","author":"J. Wang","year":"2001","unstructured":"Wang J, Brooks EG, Bamford KB, Denning TL, Pappo J, Ernst PB (2001) Negative selection of T cells by Helicobacter pylori as a model for bacterial strain selection by immune evasion. J Immunol 167:926\u2013934","journal-title":"J Immunol"},{"key":"11_CR97","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"143","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1462-5822.2003.00347.x","volume":"6","author":"D.C. Willhite","year":"2004","unstructured":"Willhite DC, Blanke SR (2004) Helicobacter pylori vacuolating cytotoxin enters cells, localizes to the mitochondria, and induces mitochondrial membrane permeability changes correlated to toxin channel activity. Cell Microbiol 6:143\u2013154","journal-title":"Cell Microbiol"},{"key":"11_CR98","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3824","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.70.7.3824-3832.2002","volume":"70","author":"D.C. Willhite","year":"2002","unstructured":"Willhite DC, Ye D, Blanke SR (2002) Fluorescence resonance energy transfer microscopy of the Helicobacter pylori vacuolating cytotoxin within mammalian cells. Infect Immun 70:3824\u20133832","journal-title":"Infect Immun"},{"key":"11_CR99","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"48204","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M304131200","volume":"278","author":"D.C. Willhite","year":"2003","unstructured":"Willhite DC, Cover TL, Blanke SR (2003) Cellular vacuolation and mitochondrial cytochrome c release are independent outcomes of Helicobacter pylori vacuolating cytotoxin activity that are each dependent on membrane channel formation. J Biol Chem 278:48204\u201348209","journal-title":"J Biol Chem"},{"key":"11_CR100","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"36693","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.274.51.36693","volume":"274","author":"K. Yahiro","year":"1999","unstructured":"Yahiro K, Niidome T, Kimura M, Hatakeyama T, Aoyagi H, Kurazono H, Imagawa K, Wada A, Moss J, et al (1999) Activation of Helicobacter pylori VacA toxin by alkaline or acid conditions increases its binding to a 250-kDa receptor protein-tyrosine phosphatase beta. J Biol Chem 274:36693\u201336699","journal-title":"J Biol Chem"},{"key":"11_CR101","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"19183","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M300117200","volume":"278","author":"K. Yahiro","year":"2003","unstructured":"Yahiro K, Wada A, Nakayama M, Kimura T, Ogushi KI, Niidome T, Aoyagi H, Yoshino KI, Yonezawa K, et al (2003) Protein-tyrosine phosphatase a, RPTPa, is a Helicobacter pylori VacA receptor. J Biol Chem 278: 19183\u201319189","journal-title":"J Biol Chem"},{"key":"11_CR102","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4354","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.68.7.4354-4357.2000","volume":"68","author":"D. Ye","year":"2000","unstructured":"Ye D, Blanke SR (2000) Mutational analysis of the Helicobacter pylori vacuolating toxin amino terminus: identification of amino acids essential for cellular vacuolation. Infect Immun 68:4354\u20134357","journal-title":"Infect Immun"},{"key":"11_CR103","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1243","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2958.2002.02818.x","volume":"43","author":"D. Ye","year":"2002","unstructured":"Ye D, Blanke SR (2002) Functional complementation reveals the importance of intermolecular monomer interactions for Helicobacter pylori VacA vacuolating activity. Mol Microbiol 43:1243\u20131253","journal-title":"Mol Microbiol"},{"key":"11_CR104","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9277","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.274.14.9277","volume":"274","author":"D. Ye","year":"1999","unstructured":"Ye D, Willhite DC, Blanke SR (1999) Identification of the minimal intracellular vacuolating domain of the Helicobacter pylori vacuolating toxin. J Biol Chem 274:9277\u20139282","journal-title":"J Biol Chem"},{"key":"11_CR105","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"25","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1462-5822.2003.00250.x","volume":"5","author":"P.Y. Zheng","year":"2003","unstructured":"Zheng PY, Jones NL (2003) Helicobacter pylori strains expressing the vacuolating cytotoxin interrupt phagosome maturation in macrophages by recruiting and retaining TACO (coronin 1) protein. Cell Microbiol 5:25\u201340","journal-title":"Cell Microbiol"}],"container-title":["Reviews of Physiology, Biochemistry and Pharmacology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/www.springerlink.com\/index\/pdf\/10.1007\/s10254-004-0027-3","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2021,6,24]],"date-time":"2021-06-24T11:15:06Z","timestamp":1624533306000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s10254-004-0027-3"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[null]]},"ISBN":["9783540231318"],"references-count":105,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10254-004-0027-3","relation":{},"subject":[]}}