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We performed molecular phylogenetic analyses of all available native species using multilocus datasets of low-copy nuclear genes and chloroplast sequences. Although gene-tree incongruence and basal reticulation were evident\u2014implying the need for future genome-scale analyses\u2014our analyses still provided sufficient resolution to clarify the phylogenetic structure of the Japanese\n                    <jats:italic>Salix<\/jats:italic>\n                    flora and to offer meaningful insights into its diversification. The integrated analyses identified three major lineages within the Japanese subg.\n                    <jats:italic>Vetrix<\/jats:italic>\n                    , revealed the polyphyly of the subg.\n                    <jats:italic>Chamaetia,<\/jats:italic>\n                    and clarified the phylogenetic context of several key endemic species. For example,\n                    <jats:italic>S. hukaoana<\/jats:italic>\n                    of the monotypic section\n                    <jats:italic>Hukaoana<\/jats:italic>\n                    and\n                    <jats:italic>S. futura<\/jats:italic>\n                    were inferred to be relicts of ancient lineages that diverged during the Mid to Late Miocene, whereas the species of sect.\n                    <jats:italic>Hastatae<\/jats:italic>\n                    (i.e.,\n                    <jats:italic>S. rupifraga<\/jats:italic>\n                    ,\n                    <jats:italic>S. shiraii<\/jats:italic>\n                    , and\n                    <jats:italic>S. japonica<\/jats:italic>\n                    ) were suggested to be neoendemics derived from\n                    <jats:italic>S. vulpina<\/jats:italic>\n                    . Moreover, intraspecific taxa such as\n                    <jats:italic>S. miyabeana<\/jats:italic>\n                    and\n                    <jats:italic>S. nakamurana<\/jats:italic>\n                    showed signs of hybridization, suggesting that interspecific hybridization and introgression may contribute to lineage differentiation.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1007\/s10265-026-01728-x","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,15]],"date-time":"2026-06-15T07:56:14Z","timestamp":1781510174000},"page":"575-591","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Preliminary phylogenetic insights into Japanese willows (Salix) using low-copy nuclear genes, with emphasis on endemic species"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"139","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2858-9681","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Satoshi","family":"Kikuchi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0612-1853","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Suzuki","family":"Setsuko","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3366-7197","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Teruyoshi","family":"Nagamitsu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wajiro","family":"Suzuki","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,15]]},"reference":[{"key":"1728_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"13","DOI":"10.12657\/denbio.087.002","volume":"87","author":"P Acar","year":"2022","unstructured":"Acar P, De\u011firmenci F\u00d6, Duman H, Kaya Z (2022) Molecular phylogenetic analysis resolving the taxonomic discrepancies among Salix L. species naturally found in Turkey. 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