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Importantly, both species show meristic lability, indicating that floral organ number is flexible within the group. This study investigates the developmental basis for merism variation in these species by comparing the floral ontogeny across three populations of\n                    <jats:italic>S. hexandrum<\/jats:italic>\n                    and\n                    <jats:italic>S. sublentum<\/jats:italic>\n                    . We used scanning electron microscopy, Nano-CT analysis and floral anatomy to analyse the meristem size, floral development and floral vascularization to understand the pressures influencing this morphology and its impacts on floral architecture. We found that merism variations (in a range of tetramery to heptamery) is strongly correlated with floral meristem size. Populations with larger meristems exhibited supernumerary organs, while those with smaller meristems showed subnumerary organs or stable pentamery. The meristic changes were predominantly isomerous across the whorls. Flower ontogenesis also differed among populations and species, directly influencing the final flower form. Our result demonstrates that merism size and spatio-temporal developmental constraints are key factors shaping meristic lability in\n                    <jats:italic>Solanum<\/jats:italic>\n                    . These results improve the knowledge about floral diversification and meristic variation in the genus and can support future work aiming to study floral evolution and unusual morphologies in\n                    <jats:italic>Solanum<\/jats:italic>\n                    .\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1007\/s10265-026-01759-4","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,4]],"date-time":"2026-10-04T20:50:36Z","timestamp":1791147036000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Meristem size drives merism lability in the Hexandrum group, a highly variable lineage of Solanum (Solanaceae)"],"prefix":"10.1007","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0000-8747-8223","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Fernando Israel","family":"Carneiro","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0072-639X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Juliana Villela","family":"Paulino","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,4]]},"reference":[{"key":"1759_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"271","DOI":"10.1890\/06-1017","volume":"88","author":"MA Aizen","year":"2007","unstructured":"Aizen MA, Harder LD (2007) Expanding the limits of the pollen-limitation concept: effects of pollen quantity and quality. 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