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The aim of this case\u2013control study with a longitudinal arm was to investigate this association. 80 systemically healthy individuals (apart from COVID-19) were involved in this study, divided into 40 patients who had recently had COVID-19 (test, divided into severe and mild\/moderate cases) and 40 who had not had COVID-19 (control). Clinical periodontal parameters and laboratory data were recorded. Mann\u2013Whitney\n                    <jats:italic>U<\/jats:italic>\n                    test, Wilcoxon test, and chi-square test were performed to compare variables. Multiple binary logistic regression method was used to estimate adjusted ORs and 95% confidence interval. Hs-CRP-1 and 2, Ferritin-1 and 2, lymphocyte count-1 values, and neutrophil\/lymphocyte ratio-1 were higher in patients with severe COVID-19 than patients with mild\/moderate COVID-19 (\n                    <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009&lt;\u20090.05). All of these laboratory values significantly decreased after COVID-19 treatment (\n                    <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009&lt;\u20090.05) in the test group. Presence of periodontitis (\n                    <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009=\u20090.015) was higher and periodontal health was lower (\n                    <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009=\u20090.002) in the test group than in the control group. All clinical periodontal parameters were significantly higher in the test group than in the control group (\n                    <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009&lt;\u20090.05), except plaque index. Prevalence of periodontitis was associated with increased odds of having COVID-19 infection (PR\u2009=\u20091.34; 95% CI 0.23\u20132.45) in the multiple binary logistic regression. COVID-19 is associated with periodontitis prevalence, through a series of possible mechanisms including local and systemic inflammatory responses. Further studies should investigate whether the maintenance of periodontal health may be a factor in the reduction of the severity of COVID-19 infections.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1007\/s10266-023-00797-x","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,3]],"date-time":"2023-03-03T05:05:48Z","timestamp":1677819948000},"page":"1009-1017","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":17,"title":["Association between periodontal diseases and COVID-19 infection: a case\u2013control study with a longitudinal arm"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"111","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6180-9776","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Aysegul","family":"Sari","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5923-400X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Nursel Kaya","family":"Dikmen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7750-5010","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Luigi","family":"Nibali","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,3]]},"reference":[{"key":"797_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2001227","DOI":"10.1183\/13993003.01227-2020","volume":"55","author":"WJ Guan","year":"2020","unstructured":"Guan WJ, Liang WH, Zhao Y, Liang HR, Chen ZS, Li YM, Liu XQ, Chen RC, Tang CL, Wang T, et al. 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