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Bovine dentin samples were subjected to the following five treatment conditions: control, demineralization, demineralization followed by remineralization, demineralization followed by brushing then remineralization, and demineralization followed by remineralization then brushing. X-ray fluorescence spectroscopy was then utilized to assess the elementary composition changes, while scanning electron microscopy provided microstructural analyses. Surface roughness and microhardness were also quantified to assess the physical changes in dentin. The control group retained significantly higher Ca\/P content compared with all treated groups, indicating that demineralization, regardless of subsequent treatment, leads to a substantial loss of hydroxyapatite. Among the treated groups, those that underwent remineralization immediately after demineralization manifested higher Ca\/P retention compared with those that included brushing before remineralization. Additionally, microhardness measurements indicated that post-demineralization brushing negatively affected dentin\u2019s microhardness. The sequence of demineralization, brushing, and remineralization treatments significantly affects Ca\/P retention in dentin, along with its surface roughness and microhardness. Pre-remineralization brushing diminished mineral recovery, whereas exposure to mineral-rich beverage immediately after demineralization resulted in greater mineral deposition.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1007\/s10266-025-01070-z","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,26]],"date-time":"2025-02-26T04:30:06Z","timestamp":1740544206000},"page":"1456-1466","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Impact of demineralization, brushing, and remineralization sequences on dentin mineral retention and surface properties"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"113","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6377-9902","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Soyeon","family":"Kim","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1866-6006","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sri","family":"Larnani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ji Eun","family":"Son","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9346-3861","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Napas","family":"Lappanakokiat","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1473-9485","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Van Mai","family":"Truong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bo-Hyoung","family":"Jin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0148-7848","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Young-Seok","family":"Park","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,26]]},"reference":[{"key":"1070_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"70","DOI":"10.1159\/000102682","volume":"186","author":"PS Hart","year":"2007","unstructured":"Hart PS, Hart TC. 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