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Ninety participants were divided into three groups based on PAI scores, as follows: Group 1 (control group, PAI 1\u20132,\n                    <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                    :35); Group 2 (PAI 3\u20134,\n                    <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                    :35); Group 3 (PAI 5 in at least 1 tooth,\n                    <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                    :55). Sclerostin, PGE2, RANKL, and MMP-9 levels were measured in the serum and GCF of all participants. GCF sclerostin, RANKL, and PGE2 levels of Group 3 were significantly higher than those of Groups 1 and 2 (75.8\u2009\u00b1\u200943.3, 37.0\u2009\u00b1\u20096.4 and 42.7\u2009\u00b1\u20098.2\u00a0ng\/mL,\n                    <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009&lt;\u20090.0001; 319\u2009\u00b1\u2009167, 244\u2009\u00b1\u200941 and 248\u2009\u00b1\u200949\u00a0ng\/L,\n                    <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009=\u20090.0029; 193\u2009\u00b1\u200987, 141\u2009\u00b1\u200990 and 137\u2009\u00b1\u200979\u00a0ng\/L,\n                    <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009=\u20090.0028, respectively for Groups 3, 2, and 1). GCF MMP-9 levels of Group 3 were significantly higher than those of Group 1 (465\u2009\u00b1\u2009162 and 384\u2009\u00b1\u200944\u00a0ng\/mL,\n                    <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009=\u20090.0340). Group 3 also had elevated serum sclerostin and PGE-2 levels, but the differences between groups were less pronounced in serum than in GCF (\n                    <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009&lt;\u20090.05). In the ROC analysis performed for the diagnostic performance of abscess formation in AP, the sensitivity of the GCF sclerostin and GCF PGE2 tests was determined as 65.5% and 72.7%, specificity as 98.6% and 68.6%, and AUC as 0.768 and 0.712, respectively (\n                    <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009&lt;\u20090.0001). Both GCF sclerostin and PGE-2 independently showed close relationships with PAI-abscess scores used to determine AP severity and they can be used in combination for diagnosing and monitoring AP-related bone resorption.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1007\/s10266-025-01118-0","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,5]],"date-time":"2025-05-05T09:31:49Z","timestamp":1746437509000},"page":"260-272","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Relationship between bone resorption and sclerostin regulation in apical periodontitis lesions"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"114","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0005-7664-5504","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ebru","family":"Uysal","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0354-5108","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Seyda","family":"Ersahan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2439-3964","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Fatih","family":"Ozcelik","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1844-1288","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yelda Erdem","family":"Hepsenoglu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,5]]},"reference":[{"issue":"6","key":"1118_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"348","DOI":"10.1177\/154411130401500604","volume":"15","author":"PN Nair","year":"2004","unstructured":"Nair PN. 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All interventions were undertaken with the understanding and written consent of each participant and according to the above-mentioned principles. This study conducted at the Endodontics Department of Istanbul Medipol University has been independently reviewed and approved by an ethical board (Istanbul Medipol University, Clinical Research Ethics Committee, Decision Number: E-10840098\u2013202.3.02\u2013118\/623, 27\/07\/2023).","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethical approval"}},{"value":"Informed consent was obtained from all individual participants included in this study.","order":4,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Informed consent"}}]}}