{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,23]],"date-time":"2026-09-23T23:56:53Z","timestamp":1790207813795,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":34,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,25]],"date-time":"2025-09-25T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1758758400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springernature.com\/gp\/researchers\/text-and-data-mining"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,25]],"date-time":"2025-09-25T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1758758400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springernature.com\/gp\/researchers\/text-and-data-mining"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Odontology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,7]]},"DOI":"10.1007\/s10266-025-01214-1","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,25]],"date-time":"2025-09-25T10:41:39Z","timestamp":1758796899000},"page":"1533-1541","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Can chatbots replace experts? Diagnostic accuracy of AI models in classifying impacted mandibular third molars"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"114","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6599-3504","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"M\u00fcfide Beng\u00fc","family":"Erden","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9261-7854","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mehmet G\u00fcm\u00fc\u015f","family":"Kanmaz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7571-6922","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Genta Agani","family":"Sabah","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,25]]},"reference":[{"key":"1214_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Pitros P, O\u2019Connor N, Tryfonos A, Lopes V. A systematic review of the complications of high-risk third molar removal and coronectomy: development of a decision tree model and preliminary health economic analysis to assist in treatment planning. Br J Oral Maxillofac Surg. Churchill Livingstone; 2020, pp e16\u2013e24","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bjoms.2020.07.015"},{"key":"1214_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"S354","DOI":"10.4103\/jpbs.jpbs_618_22","volume":"15","author":"S Salam","year":"2023","unstructured":"Salam S, Bary A, Sayed A. Prevalence of impacted teeth and pattern of third molar impaction among Kerala population a cross sectional study. J Pharm Bioallied Sci. 2023;15:S354\u20137.","journal-title":"J Pharm Bioallied Sci"},{"key":"1214_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"821","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tripleo.2009.07.004","volume":"108","author":"YY Leung","year":"2009","unstructured":"Leung YY, Cheung LK. Safety of coronectomy versus excision of wisdom teeth: a randomized controlled trial. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol Endod. 2009;108:821\u20137.","journal-title":"Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol Endod"},{"key":"1214_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"7","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bjoms.2004.09.002","volume":"43","author":"T Renton","year":"2005","unstructured":"Renton T, Hankins M, Sproate C, McGurk M. A randomised controlled clinical trial to compare the incidence of injury to the inferior alveolar nerve as a result of coronectomy and removal of mandibular third molars. Br J Oral Maxillofac Surg. 2005;43:7\u201312.","journal-title":"Br J Oral Maxillofac Surg"},{"key":"1214_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"20","DOI":"10.1016\/0266-4356(90)90005-6","volume":"28","author":"JP Rood","year":"1990","unstructured":"Rood JP, Nooraldeen Shehab BAA. The radiological prediction of inferior alveolar nerve injury during third molar surgery. Br J Oral Maxillofac Surg. 1990;28:20\u20135.","journal-title":"Br J Oral Maxillofac Surg"},{"key":"1214_CR6","unstructured":"Pell G J GGT. Impacted third molars: classification and modified technique for removal. Dent Digest. 1933;330\u2013338"},{"key":"1214_CR7","unstructured":"Winter GB (1926) Principles of exodontia as applied to the impacted third molar. American Medical books"},{"key":"1214_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Rasteau S, Ernenwein D, Savoldelli C, Bouletreau P. Artificial intelligence for oral and maxillo-facial surgery: a narrative review. J Stomatol Oral Maxillofac Surg. Elsevier Masson s.r.l.; 2022. p. 276\u201382.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jormas.2022.01.010"},{"key":"1214_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph17103716","volume":"17","author":"M Vranckx","year":"2020","unstructured":"Vranckx M, Van Gerven A, Willems H, Vandemeulebroucke A, Ferreira Leite A, Politis C, et al. Artificial intelligence (AI)-driven molar angulation measurements to predict third molar eruption on panoramic radiographs. Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2020;17:3716.","journal-title":"Int J Environ Res Public Health"},{"key":"1214_CR10","first-page":"220","volume":"44","author":"F Eggmann","year":"2023","unstructured":"Eggmann F, Blatz MB. ChatGPT: chances and challenges for dentistry. Compend Contin Educ Dent. 2023;44:220\u20134.","journal-title":"Compend Contin Educ Dent"},{"key":"1214_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"183","DOI":"10.1038\/s41746-024-01157-x","volume":"7","author":"J Haltaufderheide","year":"2024","unstructured":"Haltaufderheide J, Ranisch R. The ethics of ChatGPT in medicine and healthcare: a systematic review on large language models (LLMs). NPJ Digit Med. 2024;7:183.","journal-title":"NPJ Digit Med"},{"key":"1214_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/bjrai\/ubae019","author":"MM Zitu","year":"2025","unstructured":"Zitu MM, Le TD, Duong T, Haddadan S, Garcia M, Amorrortu R, et al. Large language models in cancer: potentials, risks, and safeguards. BJR|Artif Intell. 2025. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/bjrai\/ubae019.","journal-title":"BJR|Artif Intell"},{"key":"1214_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jormas.2023.101471","author":"Y Balel","year":"2023","unstructured":"Balel Y. Can chatgpt be used in oral and maxillofacial surgery? J Stomatol Oral Maxillofac Surg. 2023. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jormas.2023.101471.","journal-title":"J Stomatol Oral Maxillofac Surg"},{"key":"1214_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ar\u0131l\u0131 \u00d6zt\u00fcrk E, Turan G\u00f6kduman C, \u00c7anak\u00e7i BC. Evaluation of the performance of ChatGPT\u20104 and ChatGPT\u20104o as a learning tool in endodontics. Int Endod J. 2025","DOI":"10.1111\/iej.14217"},{"key":"1214_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"602","DOI":"10.1016\/j.joen.2025.01.002","volume":"51","author":"S Abdulrab","year":"2025","unstructured":"Abdulrab S, Abada H, Mashyakhy M, Mostafa N, Alhadainy H, Halboub E. Performance of 4 artificial intelligence chatbots in answering endodontic questions. J Endod. 2025;51:602\u20138.","journal-title":"J Endod"},{"key":"1214_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Grinberg N, Ianculovici C, Whitefield S, Kleinman S, Feldman S, Peleg O. Artificial intelligence-assisted decision-making in third molar assessment using ChatGPT: is it really a valid tool? Oral Radiol. 2025","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijom.2025.04.1034"},{"key":"1214_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1239","DOI":"10.1016\/j.joms.2024.06.177","volume":"82","author":"T Jacobs","year":"2024","unstructured":"Jacobs T, Shaari A, Gazonas CB, Ziccardi VB. Is ChatGPT an accurate and readable patient aid for third molar extractions? J Oral Maxillofac Surg. 2024;82:1239\u201345.","journal-title":"J Oral Maxillofac Surg"},{"key":"1214_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"178","DOI":"10.1111\/edt.12999","volume":"41","author":"T Tokg\u00f6z Kaplan","year":"2025","unstructured":"Tokg\u00f6z Kaplan T, Cankar M. Evidence-based potential of generative artificial intelligence large language models on dental avulsion: ChatGPT versus Gemini. Dent Traumatol. 2025;41:178\u201386.","journal-title":"Dent Traumatol"},{"key":"1214_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"722","DOI":"10.1111\/edt.12965","volume":"40","author":"I Ozden","year":"2024","unstructured":"Ozden I, Gokyar M, Ozden ME, Sazak Ovecoglu H. Assessment of artificial intelligence applications in responding to dental trauma. Dent Traumatol. 2024;40:722\u20139.","journal-title":"Dent Traumatol"},{"key":"1214_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.12659\/MSM.949076","author":"R Guler","year":"2025","unstructured":"Guler R, Yalcin E. Performance of AI chatbots in preliminary diagnosis of maxillofacial pathologies. Med Sci Monit. 2025. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.12659\/MSM.949076.","journal-title":"Med Sci Monit"},{"key":"1214_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"457","DOI":"10.1186\/s12903-025-05857-y","volume":"25","author":"PM Durmazpinar","year":"2025","unstructured":"Durmazpinar PM, Ekmekci E. Comparing diagnostic skills in endodontic cases: dental students versus chatgpt-4o. BMC Oral Health. 2025;25:457.","journal-title":"BMC Oral Health"},{"key":"1214_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"680","DOI":"10.1111\/iej.13265","volume":"53","author":"K Orhan","year":"2020","unstructured":"Orhan K, Bayrakdar IS, Ezhov M, Kravtsov A, \u00d6zy\u00fcrek T. Evaluation of artificial intelligence for detecting periapical pathosis on cone-beam computed tomography scans. Int Endod J. 2020;53:680\u20139.","journal-title":"Int Endod J"},{"key":"1214_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"236","DOI":"10.4258\/hir.2018.24.3.236","volume":"24","author":"W Poedjiastoeti","year":"2018","unstructured":"Poedjiastoeti W, Suebnukarn S. Application of convolutional neural network in the diagnosis of jaw tumors. Healthc Inform Res. 2018;24:236.","journal-title":"Healthc Inform Res"},{"key":"1214_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Mustulo\u011flu \u015e, Deniz BP. Evaluation of chatbots in the emergency management of avulsion injuries. Dent Traumatol. 2025","DOI":"10.1111\/edt.13041"},{"key":"1214_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1684","DOI":"10.1016\/j.spinee.2023.07.015","volume":"23","author":"AH Duey","year":"2023","unstructured":"Duey AH, Nietsch KS, Zaidat B, Ren R, Ndjonko LCM, Shrestha N, et al. Thromboembolic prophylaxis in spine surgery: an analysis of ChatGPT recommendations. Spine J. 2023;23:1684\u201391.","journal-title":"Spine J"},{"key":"1214_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"109332","DOI":"10.1016\/j.compbiomed.2024.109332","volume":"183","author":"JD Mendon\u00e7a de Moura","year":"2024","unstructured":"Mendon\u00e7a de Moura JD, Fontana CE, da Silva R, Lima VH, de Souza AI, de Melo A, et al. Comparative accuracy of artificial intelligence chatbots in pulpal and periradicular diagnosis: a cross-sectional study. Comput Biol Med. 2024;183:109332.","journal-title":"Comput Biol Med"},{"key":"1214_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"508","DOI":"10.1016\/j.oooo.2024.01.015","volume":"137","author":"H Mohammad-Rahimi","year":"2024","unstructured":"Mohammad-Rahimi H, Khoury ZH, Alamdari MI, Rokhshad R, Motie P, Parsa A, et al. Performance of AI chatbots on controversial topics in oral medicine, pathology, and radiology. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol. 2024;137:508\u201314.","journal-title":"Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol"},{"key":"1214_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"382","DOI":"10.1016\/j.joms.2024.11.007","volume":"83","author":"R Mahmoud","year":"2025","unstructured":"Mahmoud R, Shuster A, Kleinman S, Arbel S, Ianculovici C, Peleg O. Evaluating artificial intelligence chatbots in oral and maxillofacial surgery board exams: performance and potential. J Oral Maxillofac Surg. 2025;83:382\u20139.","journal-title":"J Oral Maxillofac Surg"},{"key":"1214_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"\u00c7ege EE, C\u00f6mert H, Akal N, \u00d6lmez A. Evaluation of the performance of artificial intelligence based chatbots in providing first aid information on dental trauma according to the ToothSOS application. Dent Traumatol. 2025","DOI":"10.1111\/edt.13078"},{"key":"1214_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"104519","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jdent.2023.104519","volume":"133","author":"S Kempers","year":"2023","unstructured":"Kempers S, van Lierop P, Hsu T-MH, Moin DA, Berg\u00e9 S, Ghaeminia H, et al. Positional assessment of lower third molar and mandibular canal using explainable artificial intelligence. J Dent. 2023;133:104519.","journal-title":"J Dent"},{"key":"1214_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"336","DOI":"10.1016\/j.oooo.2020.04.005","volume":"130","author":"M Fukuda","year":"2020","unstructured":"Fukuda M, Ariji Y, Kise Y, Nozawa M, Kuwada C, Funakoshi T, et al. Comparison of 3 deep learning neural networks for classifying the relationship between the mandibular third molar and the mandibular canal on panoramic radiographs. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol. 2020;130:336\u201343.","journal-title":"Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol"},{"key":"1214_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"338","DOI":"10.1111\/edt.13020","volume":"41","author":"Y Guven","year":"2025","unstructured":"Guven Y, Ozdemir OT, Kavan MY. Performance of artificial intelligence chatbots in responding to patient queries related to traumatic dental injuries: a comparative study. Dent Traumatol. 2025;41:338\u201347.","journal-title":"Dent Traumatol"},{"key":"1214_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"152","DOI":"10.1111\/odi.13223","volume":"26","author":"J Lee","year":"2020","unstructured":"Lee J, Kim D, Jeong S. Diagnosis of cystic lesions using panoramic and cone beam computed tomographic images based on deep learning neural network. Oral Dis. 2020;26:152\u20138.","journal-title":"Oral Dis"},{"key":"1214_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1007\/s12553-023-00806-7","volume":"14","author":"U Pagallo","year":"2024","unstructured":"Pagallo U, O\u2019Sullivan S, Nevejans N, Holzinger A, Friebe M, Jeanquartier F, et al. The underuse of AI in the health sector: opportunity costs, success stories, risks and recommendations. Health Technol. 2024;14:1\u201314.","journal-title":"Health Technol"}],"container-title":["Odontology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s10266-025-01214-1.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s10266-025-01214-1","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s10266-025-01214-1.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,30]],"date-time":"2026-06-30T06:16:59Z","timestamp":1782800219000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s10266-025-01214-1"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,25]]},"references-count":34,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,7]]}},"alternative-id":["1214"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10266-025-01214-1","relation":{},"ISSN":["1618-1247","1618-1255"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1618-1247","type":"print"},{"value":"1618-1255","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,25]]},"assertion":[{"value":"14 August 2025","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"14 September 2025","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"25 September 2025","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"The authors declare that they have no conflict of interest.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Conflict of interest"}},{"value":"All procedures followed were in accordance with the ethical standards of the responsible committee on human experimentation (institutional and national) and with the Helsinki Declaration of 1975, as revised in 2008.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethical approval"}}]}}