{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,23]],"date-time":"2026-10-23T19:15:42Z","timestamp":1792782942927,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":34,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,6]],"date-time":"2026-01-06T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1767657600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,6]],"date-time":"2026-01-06T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1767657600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"funder":[{"name":"Istanbul Kent University","id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/01w9wgg77","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"crossref"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Odontology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,10]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>This study aims to investigate the effect of modeling liquid and glycerin gel on the color stability of one-shade composites. 120 specimens were prepared using four one-shade resin composites, one conventional composite, one modeling liquid, and one glycerin gel. The specimens were divided into four groups: Group 1, only polished; Group 2, modeling liquid applied followed by polishing; Group 3, modeling liquid applied without polishing; and Group 4, modeling liquid and glycerin gel applied without polishing.\u00a0All specimens were stored in a coffee solution for one week. Color measurements were performed using a spectrophotometer at baseline and after coffee staining. Data were analyzed using the Kruskal\u2013Wallis test and Post Hoc Dunn\u2013Bonferroni test. Clinically unacceptable color differences were obtained in all composite resins after coffee immersion. In Group 1, Omnichroma and Zenchroma Universal exhibited significantly lower \u0394E\u2080\u2080 values compared to Vittra APS Unique. In Group 2, Zenchroma Universal showed significantly lower \u0394E\u2080\u2080 values than Charisma Topaz ONE. In Group 3, the \u0394E\u2080\u2080 value of Charisma Topaz ONE was lower than that of Vittra APS Unique. In Group 4, Zenchroma Universal showed significantly lower values compared to Vittra APS Unique. The susceptibility of composites to discoloration varied based on surface treatment. Material selection should consider not only esthetic and mechanical properties but also long-term color stability. Modeling liquids facilitate composite handling and improve surface adaptation; however, optimal restoration longevity requires proper finishing and polishing. Combining modeling liquid with glycerin gel and Mylar strips without subsequent polishing may increase surface roughness and susceptibility to staining. This can compromise long-term esthetics and plaque resistance. Polishing not only removes residual inhibition layers but also enhances surface smoothness, reducing discoloration risk. Clinicians should integrate polishing into restorative protocols when using surface wetting agents to ensure improved manipulation during placement and optimal esthetic and functional outcomes over time.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1007\/s10266-025-01301-3","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,6]],"date-time":"2026-01-06T08:23:30Z","timestamp":1767687810000},"page":"2312-2320","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Do modeling liquid and glycerin gel compromise the color stability of one-shade composites"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"114","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1884-8918","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ezgi","family":"Erden Kayalidere","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5863-8603","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Merve","family":"Sahin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,6]]},"reference":[{"key":"1301_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"15367","DOI":"10.25248\/reas.e15367.2024","volume":"24","author":"ARJ da Silva","year":"2024","unstructured":"da Silva ARJ, Gon\u00e7alves Ridos S, Ornellas MCAS, Schneweiss EAR, Gon\u00e7alves NP, S\u00e1 MBO, et al. Influence of modeling agents on composite resin properties. Revista Eletr\u00f4nica Acervo Sa\u00fade. 2024;24:15367.","journal-title":"Revista Eletr\u00f4nica Acervo Sa\u00fade"},{"key":"1301_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12903-024-04612-z","volume":"24","author":"M Duzyol","year":"2024","unstructured":"Duzyol M, Duzyol E, \u00c7ar\u0131k\u00e7\u0131o\u011flu B. Assessing one-shade composite resin color stability in response to everyday drinks. BMC Oral Health. 2024;24:821. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12903-024-04612-z.","journal-title":"BMC Oral Health"},{"key":"1301_CR3","first-page":"201","volume":"37","author":"H Nurrohman","year":"2024","unstructured":"Nurrohman H, Korkmaz-Ceyhan Y, Cevik P, Paravina RD. Staining- and aging-dependent changes in color, translucency, and gloss of cloud-shade and one-shade resin composites. Am J Dent. 2024;37:201\u20135.","journal-title":"Am J Dent"},{"key":"1301_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5395\/rde.2020.45.e13","author":"ZB Kutuk","year":"2020","unstructured":"Kutuk ZB, Erden E, Aksahin DL, Durak ZE, Dulda AC. Influence of modeling agents on the surface properties of an esthetic nano-hybrid composite. Restor Dent Endod. 2020. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.5395\/rde.2020.45.e13.","journal-title":"Restor Dent Endod"},{"key":"1301_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"404","DOI":"10.1111\/jerd.12063","volume":"25","author":"S Tuncer","year":"2013","unstructured":"Tuncer S, Demirci M, Tiryaki M, \u00dcnl\u00fc N, Uysal \u00d6. The effect of a modeling resin and thermocycling on the surface hardness, roughness, and color of different resin composites. J Esthet Restor Dent. 2013;25:404\u201319. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/jerd.12063.","journal-title":"J Esthet Restor Dent"},{"key":"1301_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/jerd.13314","author":"C Falcon\u00ed\u2010P\u00e1ez","year":"2024","unstructured":"Falcon\u00ed\u2010P\u00e1ez C, Gonz\u00e1lez\u2010Vaca C, Guarneri J, Fahl N, Aliaga\u2010Sancho P, Mendez\u2010Bauer ML, et al. <article-title update=\"added\"> The impact of modeling liquids on surface roughness and color properties of bulkfill resin composites after simulated tooth brushing: an in Vitro study. Part I. J Esthet Restor Dent. 2024. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/jerd.13314.","journal-title":"J Esthet Restor Dent"},{"key":"1301_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Cangul S, Erpacal B, Adiguzel O, Unal M, Gunay A (2020). Effect of Surface Wetting Resin on the Color Stability and Microhardness of Esthetic Composites. Odovtos International Journal of Dental Sciences https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15517\/ijds.2021.44391","DOI":"10.15517\/ijds.2021.44391"},{"key":"1301_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/22808000241272487","author":"AA Balhaddad","year":"2024","unstructured":"Balhaddad AA, Alharamlah F, Aldossary A, Almutairi W, Alshehri T, Melo MAS, et al. Impact of combining dental composite brushes with modeling resins on the color stability and topographic features of composites. J Appl Biomater Funct Mater. 2024. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/22808000241272487.","journal-title":"J Appl Biomater Funct Mater"},{"key":"1301_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4317\/jced.58311","author":"P Pereira","year":"2021","unstructured":"Pereira P, Pereira R, Silva B, Lins R, Lima D, Aguiar F. Effect of wetting agent coverage on the surface properties of resin composite submitted to brushing and staining cycles. J Clin Exp Dent. 2021. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4317\/jced.58311.","journal-title":"J Clin Exp Dent"},{"key":"1301_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ma15113759","volume":"15","author":"G Paolone","year":"2022","unstructured":"Paolone G, Mazzitelli C, Josic U, Scotti N, Gherlone E, Cantatore G, et al. Modeling liquids and resin-based dental composite materials\u2014a scoping review. Materials. 2022;15:3759. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/ma15113759.","journal-title":"Materials"},{"key":"1301_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Din\u00e7t\u00fcrk BA, Alp CK (2023). The Effect of Modeling Liquid on Color Stability and Surface Roughness of Single-Shade Composites: A SEM Study. Oral Health Dental Sci https:\/\/doi.org\/10.33425\/2639-9490.1136","DOI":"10.33425\/2639-9490.1136"},{"key":"1301_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"481","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0041-1725577","volume":"15","author":"ET Bayraktar","year":"2021","unstructured":"Bayraktar ET, Atali PY, Korkut B, Kesimli EG, Tarcin B, Turkmen C. Effect of modeling resins on microhardness of resin composites. Eur J Dent. 2021;15:481\u20137. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1055\/s-0041-1725577.","journal-title":"Eur J Dent"},{"key":"1301_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"91","DOI":"10.1590\/0103-6440202103641","volume":"32","author":"MG Borges","year":"2021","unstructured":"Borges MG, Silva GR, Neves FT, Soares CJ, Faria-e-Silva AL, Carvalho RF, et al. Oxygen inhibition of surface composites and its correlation with degree of conversion and color stability. Braz Dent J. 2021;32:91\u20137. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1590\/0103-6440202103641.","journal-title":"Braz Dent J"},{"key":"1301_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"104","DOI":"10.20473\/cdj.v8i2.2018.104-111","volume":"8","author":"D Zakiyah","year":"2019","unstructured":"Zakiyah D, Effendy R, Prasetyo EA. The effect of glycerin on the surface hardness and roughness of nanofill composite. Conservative Dentistry Journal. 2019;8:104. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.20473\/cdj.v8i2.2018.104-111.","journal-title":"Conservative Dentistry Journal"},{"key":"1301_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/polym14153053","volume":"14","author":"A Carrillo-Marcos","year":"2022","unstructured":"Carrillo-Marcos A, Salazar-Correa G, Castro-Ramirez L, Ladera-Casta\u00f1eda M, L\u00f3pez-Gurreonero C, Cachay-Criado H, et al. The microhardness and surface roughness assessment of bulk-fill resin composites treated with and without the application of an oxygen-inhibited layer and a polishing system: an in vitro study. Polymers (Basel). 2022;14:3053. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/polym14153053.","journal-title":"Polymers (Basel)"},{"key":"1301_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12903-022-02297-w","volume":"22","author":"A Gaviria-Martinez","year":"2022","unstructured":"Gaviria-Martinez A, Castro-Ramirez L, Ladera-Casta\u00f1eda M, Cervantes-Ganoza L, Cachay-Criado H, Alvino-Vales M, et al. Surface roughness and oxygen inhibited layer control in bulk-fill and conventional nanohybrid resin composites with and without polishing: in vitro study. BMC Oral Health. 2022;22:258. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12903-022-02297-w.","journal-title":"BMC Oral Health"},{"key":"1301_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1155\/2019\/4240264","volume":"2019","author":"L Marigo","year":"2019","unstructured":"Marigo L, Nocca G, Fiorenzano G, Call\u00e0 C, Castagnola R, Cordaro M, et al. Influences of different air-inhibition coatings on monomer release, microhardness, and color stability of two composite materials. Biomed Res Int. 2019;2019:1\u20138. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1155\/2019\/4240264.","journal-title":"Biomed Res Int"},{"key":"1301_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"28","DOI":"10.20473\/cdj.v11i1.2021.28-31","volume":"11","author":"FT Mardianti","year":"2021","unstructured":"Mardianti FT, Sukaton S, Sampoerno G. <article-title update=\"added\">Benefit of Glycerine on Surface Hardness of Hybrid & Nanofill Resin Composite. Conservative Dentistry Journal. 2021;11:28. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.20473\/cdj.v11i1.2021.28-31.","journal-title":"Conservative Dentistry Journal"},{"key":"1301_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"256","DOI":"10.1590\/1807-2577.07618","volume":"47","author":"MVL Bertoli","year":"2018","unstructured":"Bertoli MVL, Senhoreai MAC, Rontani JP, Albuquerque PPAC, Schneider LFJ. O uso do gel de glicerina melhora a estabilidade de cor de resinas compostas? Rev Odontol UNESP. 2018;47:256\u201360. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1590\/1807-2577.07618.","journal-title":"Rev Odontol UNESP"},{"key":"1301_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"6S","DOI":"10.1177\/1091581819883820","volume":"38","author":"LC Becker","year":"2019","unstructured":"Becker LC, Bergfeld WF, Belsito D V., Hill RA, Klaassen CD, Liebler DC, et al. Safety assessment of glycerin as used in cosmetics. Int J Toxicol. 2019;38:6S-22S. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/1091581819883820.","journal-title":"Int J Toxicol"},{"key":"1301_CR21","unstructured":"Fern\u00e1ndez LR, Guzm\u00e1n P del RC, Heredia JJV, Canales JOG, Vadillo RM. \u00bfLa glicerina influye en la estabilidad del color de la resina compuesta? Rev Cubana Estomatol. 2022;59:e3758."},{"key":"1301_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5395\/JKACD.2011.36.6.483","volume":"36","author":"H-H Park","year":"2011","unstructured":"Park H-H, Lee I-B. Effect of glycerin on the surface hardness of composites after curing. J Korean Acad Conserv Dent. 2011;36:483. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.5395\/JKACD.2011.36.6.483.","journal-title":"J Korean Acad Conserv Dent"},{"key":"1301_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12903-022-02351-7","volume":"22","author":"AA El-Rashidy","year":"2022","unstructured":"El-Rashidy AA, Abdelraouf RM, Habib NA. Effect of two artificial\u00a0aging protocols on color and gloss of single-shade versus multi-shade resin composites. BMC Oral Health. 2022;22:321. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12903-022-02351-7.","journal-title":"BMC Oral Health"},{"key":"1301_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7759\/cureus.57664","volume":"16","author":"WF Khayat","year":"2024","unstructured":"Khayat WF. In vitro comparison of optical properties between single-shade and conventional composite resin restorations. Cureus. 2024;16:e57664. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.7759\/cureus.57664.","journal-title":"Cureus"},{"key":"1301_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12903-023-02942-y","volume":"23","author":"S Rohym","year":"2023","unstructured":"Rohym S, Tawfeek HEM, Kamh R. Effect of coffee on color stability and surface roughness of newly introduced single shade resin composite materials. BMC Oral Health. 2023;23:236. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12903-023-02942-y.","journal-title":"BMC Oral Health"},{"key":"1301_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"270","DOI":"10.17567\/currresdentsci.1556035","volume":"34","author":"B \u00d6zdemir","year":"2024","unstructured":"\u00d6zdemir B, Kurucu Karadeniz BK, \u00d6zdemir SB, Akbulut \u00d6. How the translucency and color stability of single-shade universal resin composites are affected by coffee? Curr Res Dent Sci. 2024;34:270\u20135. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.17567\/currresdentsci.1556035.","journal-title":"Curr Res Dent Sci"},{"key":"1301_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s42269-022-00865-2","volume":"46","author":"B Abdelhamed","year":"2022","unstructured":"Abdelhamed B, Metwally AA-H, Shalaby HA. Rational durability of optical properties of chameleon effect of Omnichroma and Essentia composite thermocycled in black dark drinks (in vitro study). Bull Natl Res Cent. 2022;46:184. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s42269-022-00865-2.","journal-title":"Bull Natl Res Cent"},{"key":"1301_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"340","DOI":"10.1002\/col.1049","volume":"26","author":"MR Luo","year":"2001","unstructured":"Luo MR, Cui G, Rigg B. The development of the CIE 2000 colour\u2010difference formula: CIEDE2000. Color Res Appl. 2001;26:340\u201350. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/col.1049.","journal-title":"Color Res Appl"},{"key":"1301_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"S1","DOI":"10.1111\/jerd.12149","volume":"27","author":"RD Paravina","year":"2015","unstructured":"Paravina RD, Ghinea R, Herrera LJ, Bona AD, Igiel C, Linninger M, et al. Color difference thresholds in dentistry. J Esthet Restor Dent. 2015;27:S1-9. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/jerd.12149.","journal-title":"J Esthet Restor Dent"},{"key":"1301_CR30","volume-title":"ISO\/TR 28642 Dentistry\u2014 Guid- ance on colour measurement","author":"ISO Standards","year":"2016","unstructured":"Standards ISO. ISO\/TR 28642 Dentistry\u2014 Guid- ance on colour measurement. Geneva: International Organization for Standardization; 2016."},{"key":"1301_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ma15144874","volume":"15","author":"F Cinelli","year":"2022","unstructured":"Cinelli F, Scaminaci Russo D, Nieri M, Giachetti L. Stain susceptibility of composite resins: pigment penetration analysis. Materials. 2022;15:4874. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/ma15144874.","journal-title":"Materials"},{"key":"1301_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7759\/cureus.82548","author":"U Khanvilkar","year":"2025","unstructured":"Khanvilkar U, Kulkarni SD, Bandekar S, Talathi VM, Baghel O, Razdan P, et al. Comparative Evaluation of the Staining Resistance of Two Single-Shade Composites in Coffee and Chlorhexidine: A Spectrophotometric Analysis. Cureus. 2025. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.7759\/cureus.82548.","journal-title":"Cureus"},{"key":"1301_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"233","DOI":"10.1016\/j.protcy.2015.02.034","volume":"19","author":"G Strnad","year":"2015","unstructured":"Strnad G, Kovacs M, Andras E, Beresescu L. Effect of curing, finishing and polishing techniques on microhardness of composite restorative materials. Procedia Technol. 2015;19:233\u20138. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.protcy.2015.02.034.","journal-title":"Procedia Technol"},{"key":"1301_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"63","DOI":"10.3290\/j.cjdr.a44337","volume":"23","author":"L Lassila","year":"2020","unstructured":"Lassila L, Dupont A, Lahtinen K, Vallittu PK, Garoushi S. Effects of different polishing protocols and curing time on surface properties of a bulk-fill composite resin. Chin J Dent Res. 2020;23:63\u20139. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3290\/j.cjdr.a44337.","journal-title":"Chin J Dent Res"}],"container-title":["Odontology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s10266-025-01301-3.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s10266-025-01301-3","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s10266-025-01301-3.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,1]],"date-time":"2026-10-01T21:15:26Z","timestamp":1790889326000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s10266-025-01301-3"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,6]]},"references-count":34,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,10]]}},"alternative-id":["1301"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10266-025-01301-3","relation":{},"ISSN":["1618-1247","1618-1255"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1618-1247","type":"print"},{"value":"1618-1255","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,6]]},"assertion":[{"value":"1 September 2025","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"22 December 2025","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"6 January 2026","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"The authors declared that there is no conflict of interest.","order":1,"name":"Ethics","label":"Conflict of interest","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"This study did not involve any procedures requiring ethical approval.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","label":"Ethical approval","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}}]}}