{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,26]],"date-time":"2026-09-26T01:06:29Z","timestamp":1790384789397,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":20,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,15]],"date-time":"2026-06-15T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1781481600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springernature.com\/gp\/researchers\/text-and-data-mining"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,15]],"date-time":"2026-06-15T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1781481600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springernature.com\/gp\/researchers\/text-and-data-mining"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Odontology"],"DOI":"10.1007\/s10266-026-01439-8","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,15]],"date-time":"2026-06-15T11:39:48Z","timestamp":1781523588000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Salivary antimicrobial peptides histatin-5, beta defensins, human neutrophilic peptides, LL-37, and calprotectin in severe dental caries, with a focus on early childhood caries: a systematic review and meta-analysis"],"prefix":"10.1007","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6482-5437","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"J.","family":"Muruganandhan","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6279-5556","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Vishnu Priya","family":"Veeraraghavan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8231-4844","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"G.","family":"Sujatha","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sindhu","family":"Subramani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"S.","family":"Ramya","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,15]]},"reference":[{"issue":"5","key":"1439_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"89","DOI":"10.1007\/s10989-025-10751-w","volume":"31","author":"S Akbari-Lasboo","year":"2025","unstructured":"Akbari-Lasboo S, Ebrahimian-Hosseinabadi M, Zare-Zardini H. Antimicrobial peptides (AMPs): a breakthrough approach for wound healing and infection control. Int J Pept Res Ther. 2025;31(5):89.","journal-title":"Int J Pept Res Ther"},{"issue":"3","key":"1439_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"203","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-051X.2011.01805.x","volume":"39","author":"RC Baliban","year":"2012","unstructured":"Baliban RC, Sakellari D, Li Z, DiMaggio PA, Garcia BA, Floudas CA. Novel protein identification methods for biomarker discovery via a proteomic analysis of periodontally healthy and diseased gingival crevicular fluid samples. J Clin Periodontol. 2012;39(3):203\u201312.","journal-title":"J Clin Periodontol"},{"key":"1439_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"115377","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejmech.2023.115377","volume":"255","author":"N Chen","year":"2023","unstructured":"Chen N, Jiang C. Antimicrobial peptides: structure, mechanism, and modification. Eur J Med Chem. 2023;255:115377.","journal-title":"Eur J Med Chem"},{"issue":"1","key":"1439_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"445","DOI":"10.1186\/s12903-021-01810-x","volume":"21","author":"S Faheem","year":"2021","unstructured":"Faheem S, Maqsood S, Hasan A, Imtiaz F, Shaikh F, Farooqui WA. Associations of early childhood caries with salivary beta defensin-3 and childhood anemia: a case\u2013control study. BMC Oral Health. 2021;21(1):445.","journal-title":"BMC Oral Health"},{"issue":"Suppl 1","key":"1439_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"S292","DOI":"10.4103\/jpbs.jpbs_755_21","volume":"14","author":"K Jha","year":"2022","unstructured":"Jha K, Sharma H, Vella V, Mandal NB, Pendyala SK, Khan MM, Francis M. Role of salivary physicochemical and peptide levels in dental caries among children: an original research. J Pharm Bioallied Sci. 2022;14(Suppl 1):S292\u20134.","journal-title":"J Pharm Bioallied Sci"},{"issue":"1","key":"1439_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"61","DOI":"10.1186\/s40659-015-0050-7","volume":"48","author":"A Jurczak","year":"2015","unstructured":"Jurczak A, Ko\u015bcielniak D, Papie\u017c M, Vyhouskaya P, Krzy\u015bciak W. A study on \u03b2-defensin-2 and histatin-5 as a diagnostic marker of early childhood caries progression. Biol Res. 2015;48(1):61.","journal-title":"Biol Res"},{"issue":"1","key":"1439_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"868","DOI":"10.1186\/s12903-025-06252-3","volume":"25","author":"M Koopaie","year":"2025","unstructured":"Koopaie M, Shahri FK, Montazeri R, Kolahdooz S, Shahri MM, Moshkbouy E. Comparison of salivary statherin and beta-defensin-2 levels, oral health behaviors, and demographic factors in children with and without early childhood caries. BMC Oral Health. 2025;25(1):868.","journal-title":"BMC Oral Health"},{"issue":"16","key":"1439_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5179","DOI":"10.1007\/s00253-023-12664-4","volume":"107","author":"R Li","year":"2023","unstructured":"Li R, Hou M, Yu L, Luo W, Kong J, Yu R, Liu R, Li Q, Tan L, Pan C, Wang H. Anti-biofilm effect of salivary histatin 5 on Porphyromonas gingivalis. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol. 2023;107(16):5179\u201389.","journal-title":"Appl Microbiol Biotechnol"},{"issue":"6","key":"1439_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"284","DOI":"10.1111\/omi.12058","volume":"29","author":"J Malcolm","year":"2014","unstructured":"Malcolm J, Sherriff A, Lappin DF, Ramage G, Conway DI, Macpherson LM, Culshaw S. Salivary antimicrobial proteins associate with age-related changes in streptococcal composition in dental plaque. Mol Oral Microbiol. 2014;29(6):284\u201393.","journal-title":"Mol Oral Microbiol"},{"issue":"1","key":"1439_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"89","DOI":"10.1186\/s13643-021-01626-4","volume":"10","author":"MJ Page","year":"2021","unstructured":"Page MJ, McKenzie JE, Bossuyt PM, Boutron I, Hoffmann TC, Mulrow CD, Shamseer L, Tetzlaff JM, Akl EA, Brennan SE, Chou R, Glanville J, Grimshaw JM, Hr\u00f3bjartsson A, Lalu MM, Li T, Loder EW, Mayo-Wilson E, McDonald S, McGuinness LA, Stewart LA, Thomas J, Tricco AC, Welch VA, Whiting P, Moher D. The PRISMA 2020 statement: an updated guideline for reporting systematic reviews. Syst Rev. 2021;10(1):89.","journal-title":"Syst Rev"},{"issue":"5","key":"1439_CR11","first-page":"597","volume":"10","author":"BM Peters","year":"2010","unstructured":"Peters BM, Zhu J, Fidel PL Jr, Scheper MA, Hackett W, El Shaye S, Jabra-Rizk MA. Protection of the oral mucosa by salivary histatin-5 against Candida albicans in an ex vivo murine model of oral infection. FEMS Yeast Res. 2010;10(5):597\u2013604.","journal-title":"FEMS Yeast Res"},{"issue":"2","key":"1439_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"189","DOI":"10.4103\/JISPPD.JISPPD_251_20","volume":"39","author":"J Ramezani","year":"2021","unstructured":"Ramezani J, Khaligh MR, Ansari G, Yazdani Y, Mohammadi S. Association of salivary physicochemical characteristics and peptide levels with dental caries in children. J Indian Soc Pedod Prev Dent. 2021;39(2):189\u201395.","journal-title":"J Indian Soc Pedod Prev Dent"},{"issue":"3","key":"1439_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1451","DOI":"10.1007\/s10989-019-09946-9","volume":"26","author":"R Seyfi","year":"2020","unstructured":"Seyfi R, Kahaki FA, Ebrahimi T, Montazersaheb S, Eyvazi S, Babaeipour V, et al. Antimicrobial peptides (AMPs): roles, functions and mechanism of action. Int J Pept Res Ther. 2020;26(3):1451\u201363.","journal-title":"Int J Pept Res Ther"},{"issue":"1","key":"1439_CR14","first-page":"11","volume":"8","author":"L Toomarian","year":"2011","unstructured":"Toomarian L, Sattari M, Hashemi N, Tadayon N, Akbarzadeh Baghban A. Comparison of neutrophil apoptosis \u03b1-defensins and calprotectin in children with and without severe early childhood caries. Iran J Immunol. 2011;8(1):11\u20139.","journal-title":"Iran J Immunol"},{"issue":"16","key":"1439_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"8103","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms26168103","volume":"26","author":"OE Voronko","year":"2025","unstructured":"Voronko OE, Khotina VA, Kashirskikh DA, Lee AA, Gasanov VA. Antimicrobial peptides of the cathelicidin family: focus on LL-37 and its modifications. Int J Mol Sci. 2025;26(16):8103.","journal-title":"Int J Mol Sci"},{"issue":"1","key":"1439_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"113","DOI":"10.1111\/jre.12187","volume":"50","author":"P Wang","year":"2015","unstructured":"Wang P, Duan D, Zhou X, Li X, Yang J, Deng M, Xu Y. Relationship between expression of human gingival beta-defensins and levels of periodontopathogens in subgingival plaque. J Periodontal Res. 2015;50(1):113\u201322.","journal-title":"J Periodontal Res"},{"issue":"5","key":"1439_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2891","DOI":"10.1007\/s00784-020-03606-9","volume":"25","author":"O Wattanarat","year":"2021","unstructured":"Wattanarat O, Nirunsittirat A, Piwat S, Manmontri C, Teanpaisan R, Pahumunto N, Makeudom A, Sastraruji T, Krisanaprakornkit S. Significant elevation of salivary human neutrophil peptides 1\u20133 levels by probiotic milk in preschool children with severe early childhood caries: a randomized controlled trial. Clin Oral Investig. 2021;25(5):2891\u2013903.","journal-title":"Clin Oral Investig"},{"key":"1439_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"108570","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biotechadv.2025.108570","volume":"81","author":"R Yang","year":"2025","unstructured":"Yang R, Ma X, Peng F, Wen J, Allahou LW, Williams GR, Knowles JC, Poma A. Advances in antimicrobial peptides: from mechanistic insights to chemical modifications. Biotechnol Adv. 2025;81:108570.","journal-title":"Biotechnol Adv"},{"issue":"11","key":"1439_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1219","DOI":"10.1016\/j.imbio.2015.06.013","volume":"220","author":"D Y\u0131lmaz","year":"2015","unstructured":"Y\u0131lmaz D, G\u00fcnc\u00fc GN, K\u00f6n\u00f6nen E, Bar\u0131\u015f E, \u00c7a\u011flayan F, Gursoy UK. Overexpressions of hBD-2, hBD-3, and hCAP18\/LL-37 in gingiva of diabetics with periodontitis. Immunobiology. 2015;220(11):1219\u201326.","journal-title":"Immunobiology"},{"issue":"4","key":"1439_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"352","DOI":"10.5005\/jp-journals-10015-2223","volume":"14","author":"SH Yousif","year":"2023","unstructured":"Yousif SH, Qasim AA. Salivary Cathelicidins (LL-37) as a dental caries biomarker in relation to nutrition status among a group of adolescents. World J Dent. 2023;14(4):352\u20138.","journal-title":"World J Dent"}],"container-title":["Odontology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s10266-026-01439-8.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s10266-026-01439-8","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s10266-026-01439-8.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,15]],"date-time":"2026-06-15T11:39:50Z","timestamp":1781523590000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s10266-026-01439-8"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,15]]},"references-count":20,"alternative-id":["1439"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10266-026-01439-8","relation":{},"ISSN":["1618-1247","1618-1255"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1618-1247","type":"print"},{"value":"1618-1255","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,15]]},"assertion":[{"value":"13 March 2026","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"15 May 2026","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"15 June 2026","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"There are no competing interests whatsoever.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Conflict of interest"}},{"value":"Not applicable for the review.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethical approval"}},{"value":"Not applicable for the review.","order":4,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Informed consent"}}]}}