{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,17]],"date-time":"2026-08-17T20:30:33Z","timestamp":1786998633253,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":18,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,16]],"date-time":"2025-10-16T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1760572800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springernature.com\/gp\/researchers\/text-and-data-mining"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,16]],"date-time":"2025-10-16T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1760572800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springernature.com\/gp\/researchers\/text-and-data-mining"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["J Digit Imaging. Inform. med."],"DOI":"10.1007\/s10278-025-01720-2","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,16]],"date-time":"2025-10-16T15:45:10Z","timestamp":1760629510000},"page":"3614-3622","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Personalized CT Protocol Recommendation via Large Language Model: Enabling Fully Automated CT Scanning Workflows"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"39","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0009-6865-0353","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Xiaolin","family":"Meng","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yefen","family":"Wu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xin","family":"Dou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kaiyi","family":"Liang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Peng","family":"Ji","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yang","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Manhua","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,16]]},"reference":[{"issue":"1","key":"1720_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"164","DOI":"10.1148\/radiol.10100640","volume":"258","author":"DB Larson","year":"2011","unstructured":"Larson DB, Johnson LW, Schnell BM, et al. National trends in CT use in the emergency department. Radiology. 2011;258(1):164\u2013173.","journal-title":"Radiology."},{"key":"1720_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cmpb.2021.105939","volume":"200","author":"P L\u00f3pez-\u00dabeda","year":"2021","unstructured":"L\u00f3pez-\u00dabeda P, D\u00edaz-Galiano MC, Mart\u00edn-Noguerol T, Luna A, Ure\u00f1a-L\u00f3pez LA, Mart\u00edn-Valdivia MT. Automatic medical protocol classification using machine learning approaches. Comput Methods Programs Biomed. 2021;200:105939. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.cmpb.2021.105939.","journal-title":"Comput Methods Programs Biomed."},{"key":"1720_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Maffei E, Martini C, Cademartiri F. Principles of Cardiac CT Scan Protocol Optimization. In: Cademartiri F, Casolo G, Midiri M, editors. *Clinical Applications of Cardiac CT*. Springer Milan; 2012. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/978-88-470-2522-6_25.","DOI":"10.1007\/978-88-470-2522-6_25"},{"issue":"1","key":"1720_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"19","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacr.2010.07.009","volume":"8","author":"CC Blackmore","year":"2011","unstructured":"Blackmore CC, Mecklenburg RS, Kaplan GS. Effectiveness of clinical decision support in controlling inappropriate imaging. J Am Coll Radiol. 2011;8(1):19\u201325.","journal-title":"J Am Coll Radiol."},{"issue":"5","key":"1720_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"440","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacr.2014.01.021","volume":"11","author":"GW Boland","year":"2014","unstructured":"Boland GW, Duszak R Jr, Kalra M. Protocol design and optimization. J Am Coll Radiol. 2014;11(5):440-1.","journal-title":"J Am Coll Radiol."},{"issue":"4","key":"1720_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"787","DOI":"10.2214\/AJR.15.15268","volume":"206","author":"S Gyftopoulos","year":"2016","unstructured":"Gyftopoulos S, Kim D, Aaltonen E, Horwitz LI. Patient recall imaging in the ambulatory setting. Am J Roentgenol. 2016;206(4):787\u2013791. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2214\/AJR.15.15268.","journal-title":"Am J Roentgenol."},{"issue":"12","key":"1720_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1385","DOI":"10.1111\/acem.12816","volume":"22","author":"CC Blackmore","year":"2015","unstructured":"Blackmore CC, Castro A. Improving the quality of imaging in the emergency department. Acad Emerg Med. 2015;22(12):1385\u20131392.","journal-title":"Acad Emerg Med."},{"issue":"12","key":"1720_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1651","DOI":"10.1093\/jamia\/ocy133","volume":"25","author":"R Lacson","year":"2018","unstructured":"Lacson R, Laroya R, Wang A, Kapoor N, Glazer DI, Shinagare AB, Ip IK, Malhotra S, Hentel K, Khorasani R. Integrity of clinical information in computerized order requisitions for diagnostic imaging. J Am Med Inform Assoc. 2018;25(12):1651\u20131656. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/jamia\/ocy133.","journal-title":"J Am Med Inform Assoc."},{"key":"1720_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Morey JM, Haney NM, Kim W. Applications of AI beyond image interpretation: Artificial intelligence in medical imaging. In: *Artificial Intelligence in Medical Imaging*. Springer; 2019:129\u2013143.","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-319-94878-2_11"},{"issue":"6","key":"1720_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"854","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacr.2018.02.003","volume":"15","author":"J Tudor","year":"2018","unstructured":"Tudor J, Klochko C, Patel M, Siegal D. Order entry protocols are an amenable target for workflow automation. J Am Coll Radiol. 2018;15(6):854\u2013858.","journal-title":"J Am Coll Radiol."},{"key":"1720_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Chung R, Demers JP, Tiberio G, et al. Implementation of an institution wide rules-based automated CT protocoling system. AJR Am J Roentgenol. 2024;222(3):e2329806. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2214\/AJR.23.29806. (Note: Corrected citation format and added based on standard lookup. Original citation [18] was also this paper).","DOI":"10.2214\/AJR.23.29806"},{"issue":"4","key":"1720_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"323","DOI":"10.1016\/j.radi.2011.06.004","volume":"17","author":"Z Munn","year":"2011","unstructured":"Munn Z, Jordan Z. The patient experience of high technology medical imaging: a systematic review of the qualitative evidence. Radiography. 2011;17(4):323\u2013331.","journal-title":"Radiography."},{"key":"1720_CR13","unstructured":"Akshay Goel, George Shih, Michael Rasiej, Joshua L. Weintraub. Deep learning for comprehensive automated radiology protocolling. Presented at: SIIM Annual Meeting; May 31-June 2, 2018; National Harbor, MD, USA."},{"key":"1720_CR14","unstructured":"Mikolov T, Chen K, Corrado G, Dean J. Efficient estimation of word representations in vector space. arXiv preprint arXiv:1301.3781. 2013."},{"key":"1720_CR15","first-page":"3111","volume":"26","author":"T Mikolov","year":"2013","unstructured":"Mikolov T, Sutskever I, Chen K, Corrado G, Dean J. Distributed representations of words and phrases and their compositionality. Adv Neural Inf Process Syst. 2013;26:3111\u20133119.","journal-title":"Adv Neural Inf Process Syst."},{"issue":"9","key":"1720_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1149","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacr.2020.03.034.(Note:Addedformalcitationdetailsbasedonstandardlookup.Originallinkwasbroken\/informal)","volume":"17","author":"A Kalra","year":"2020","unstructured":"Kalra A, Chakraborty A, Fine B, Reicher J. Machine Learning for Automation of Radiology Protocols for Quality and Efficiency Improvement. J Am Coll Radiol. 2020;17(9):1149\u20131158. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jacr.2020.03.034. (Note: Added formal citation details based on standard lookup. Original link was broken\/informal).","journal-title":"J Am Coll Radiol."},{"key":"1720_CR17","first-page":"668","volume":"2021","author":"W Lau","year":"2021","unstructured":"Lau W, Aaltonen L, Gunn M, et al. Automatic Assignment of Radiology Examination Protocols Using Pre-trained Language Models with Knowledge Distillation. AMIA Annu Symp Proc. 2021;2021:668\u2013676.","journal-title":"AMIA Annu Symp Proc."},{"issue":"3","key":"1720_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2214\/AJR.23.29806","volume":"222","author":"R Chung","year":"2024","unstructured":"Chung R, Demers JP, Tiberio G, et al. Implementation of an institution wide rules-based automated CT protocoling system. AJR Am J Roentgenol. 2024;222(3):e2329806. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2214\/AJR.23.29806.","journal-title":"AJR Am J Roentgenol."}],"container-title":["Journal of Imaging Informatics in Medicine"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s10278-025-01720-2.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s10278-025-01720-2","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s10278-025-01720-2.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,17]],"date-time":"2026-08-17T19:31:42Z","timestamp":1786995102000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s10278-025-01720-2"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,16]]},"references-count":18,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,8]]}},"alternative-id":["1720"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10278-025-01720-2","relation":{},"ISSN":["2948-2933"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2948-2933","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,16]]},"assertion":[{"value":"22 July 2025","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"23 September 2025","order":2,"name":"revised","label":"Revised","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"6 October 2025","order":3,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"16 October 2025","order":4,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"This article does not contain any studies with human participants.","order":1,"name":"Ethics","label":"Ethics Approval","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"Not applicable.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","label":"Consent to Participate","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"Not applicable.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","label":"Consent for Publication","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"The authors declare no competing interests.","order":4,"name":"Ethics","label":"Competing Interests","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}}]}}