{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,10]],"date-time":"2026-09-10T08:08:28Z","timestamp":1789027708380,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":18,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,6]],"date-time":"2026-05-06T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1778025600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springernature.com\/gp\/researchers\/text-and-data-mining"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,6]],"date-time":"2026-05-06T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1778025600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springernature.com\/gp\/researchers\/text-and-data-mining"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["J Digit Imaging. Inform. med."],"DOI":"10.1007\/s10278-026-01989-x","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,6]],"date-time":"2026-05-06T16:00:18Z","timestamp":1778083218000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Evaluating Large Language Models for Turkish Emergency CT Impression Drafting: Quality, Critical Omissions, and Readability"],"prefix":"10.1007","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0726-0609","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Halil","family":"Tekdemir","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Esra","family":"\u00c7\u0131vg\u0131n","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"\u015eebnem","family":"Akp\u0131nar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ozan","family":"Ekici","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"B\u00fc\u015fra Nur","family":"Tekdemir","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ali Bahad\u0131r","family":"\u00d6zdemir","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Erdal","family":"Alta\u015f","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alperen Sefa","family":"Toker","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ebru \u015eeng\u00fcl","family":"Parlak","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"\u0130zzet Sel\u00e7uk","family":"Parlak","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,6]]},"reference":[{"issue":"6","key":"1989_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1658","DOI":"10.1148\/rg.2020200020","volume":"40","author":"MP Hartung","year":"2020","unstructured":"Hartung MP, Bickle IC, Gaillard F, Kanne JP. How to Create a Great Radiology Report. Radiographics. 2020;40(6):1658-1670.","journal-title":"Radiographics."},{"key":"1989_CR2","first-page":"465","volume":"2011","author":"EF Gershanik","year":"2011","unstructured":"Gershanik EF, Lacson R, Khorasani R. Critical finding capture in the impression section of radiology reports. AMIA Annu Symp Proc. 2011;2011:465-469.","journal-title":"AMIA Annu Symp Proc."},{"key":"1989_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"European Society of Radiology (ESR). ESR guidelines for the communication of urgent and unexpected findings. Insights Imaging. 2012;3(1):1\u20133.","DOI":"10.1007\/s13244-011-0135-y"},{"issue":"3","key":"1989_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1148\/radiol.231593","volume":"310","author":"R Doshi","year":"2024","unstructured":"Doshi R, Amin KS, Khosla P, Bajaj SS, Chheang S, Forman HP. Quantitative Evaluation of Large Language Models to Streamline Radiology Report Impressions: A Multimodal Retrospective Analysis. Radiology. 2024;310(3):e231593.","journal-title":"Radiology."},{"issue":"3","key":"1989_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1148\/radiol.240885","volume":"312","author":"L Zhang","year":"2024","unstructured":"Zhang L, Liu M, Wang L, Zhang Y, Xu X, Pan Z, Feng Y, Zhao J, Zhang L, Yao G, Chen X, Xie X. Constructing a Large Language Model to Generate Impressions from Findings in Radiology Reports. Radiology. 2024;312(3):e240885.","journal-title":"Radiology."},{"issue":"1","key":"1989_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1148\/radiol.232714","volume":"311","author":"RJ Gertz","year":"2024","unstructured":"Gertz RJ, Dratsch T, Bunck AC, Lennartz S, Iuga AI, Hellmich MG, Persigehl T, Pennig L, Gietzen CH, Fervers P, Maintz D, Hahnfeldt R, Kottlors J. Potential of GPT-4 for Detecting Errors in Radiology Reports: Implications for Reporting Accuracy. Radiology. 2024;311(1):e232714.","journal-title":"Radiology."},{"key":"1989_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2196\/59823","volume":"14","author":"D Roustan","year":"2025","unstructured":"Roustan D, Bastardot F. The Clinicians\u2019 Guide to Large Language Models: A General Perspective With a Focus on Hallucinations. Interact J Med Res. 2025;14:e59823.","journal-title":"Interact J Med Res."},{"issue":"1","key":"1989_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"258","DOI":"10.1038\/s41746-024-01258-7","volume":"7","author":"TYC Tam","year":"2024","unstructured":"Tam TYC, Sivarajkumar S, Kapoor S, Stolyar AV, Polanska K, McCarthy KR, Osterhoudt H, Wu X, Visweswaran S, Fu S, Mathur P, Cacciamani GE, Sun C, Peng Y, Wang Y. A framework for human evaluation of large language models in healthcare derived from literature review. NPJ Digit Med. 2024;7(1):258.","journal-title":"NPJ Digit Med."},{"key":"1989_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ibmed.2025.100287","volume":"12","author":"Y Artsi","year":"2025","unstructured":"Artsi Y, Klang E, Collins JD, Glicksberg BS, Nadkarni GN, Korfiatis P, Sorin V. Large language models in radiology reporting - A systematic review of performance, limitations, and clinical implications. Intell Based Med. 2025;12:100287.","journal-title":"Intell Based Med."},{"key":"1989_CR10","first-page":"71","volume":"58","author":"E Ate\u015fman","year":"1997","unstructured":"Ate\u015fman E. T\u00fcrk\u00e7ede okunabilirli\u011fin \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fclmesi. Dil Dergisi. 1997;58:71-74.","journal-title":"T\u00fcrk\u00e7ede okunabilirli\u011fin \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fclmesi. Dil Dergisi."},{"issue":"4","key":"1989_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"321","DOI":"10.26650\/IUITFD.1494572","volume":"87","author":"E \u00c7amur","year":"2024","unstructured":"\u00c7amur E, Cesur T, G\u00fcne\u015f YC. A comparative study: performance of large language models in simplifying Turkish computed tomography reports. J Ist Faculty Med. 2024;87(4):321-326.","journal-title":"J Ist Faculty Med."},{"issue":"1","key":"1989_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"346","DOI":"10.1007\/s10278-024-01196-6","volume":"38","author":"RA Ahyad","year":"2025","unstructured":"Ahyad RA, Zaylaee Y, Hassan T, Khoja O, Noorelahi Y, Alharthy A, Alabsi H, Mimish R, Badeeb A. Cutting Edge to Cutting Time: Can ChatGPT Improve the Radiologist\u2019s Reporting? J Imaging Inform Med. 2025;38(1):346-356.","journal-title":"J Imaging Inform Med."},{"issue":"2","key":"1989_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"471","DOI":"10.1007\/s10278-024-00985-3","volume":"37","author":"X Tie","year":"2024","unstructured":"Tie X, Shin M, Pirasteh A, Ibrahim N, Huemann Z, Castellino SM, Kelly KM, Garrett J, Hu J, Cho SY, Bradshaw TJ. Personalized Impression Generation for PET Reports Using Large Language Models. J Imaging Inform Med. 2024;37(2):471-488.","journal-title":"J Imaging Inform Med."},{"key":"1989_CR14","unstructured":"Tejani AS, Klontzas ME, Gatti AA, Mongan JT, Moy L, Park SH, Kahn CE Jr; CLAIM 2024 Update Panel. Checklist for Artificial Intelligence in Medical Imaging (CLAIM): 2024 Update. Radiol Artif Intell. 2024;6(4):e240300."},{"issue":"1","key":"1989_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"60","DOI":"10.1038\/s41591-024-03425-5","volume":"31","author":"J Gallifant","year":"2025","unstructured":"Gallifant J, Afshar M, Ameen S, Aphinyanaphongs Y, Chen S, Cacciamani G, Demner-Fushman D, Dligach D, Daneshjou R, Fernandes C, Hansen LH, Landman A, Lehmann L, McCoy LG, Miller T, Moreno A, Munch N, Restrepo D, Savova G, Umeton R, Gichoya JW, Collins GS, Moons KGM, Celi LA, Bitterman DS. The TRIPOD-LLM reporting guideline for studies using large language models. Nat Med. 2025;31(1):60-69.","journal-title":"Nat Med."},{"key":"1989_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"European Society of Radiology (ESR). ESR paper on structured reporting in radiology. Insights Imaging. 2018;9(1):1\u20137.","DOI":"10.1007\/s13244-017-0588-8"},{"issue":"1","key":"1989_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1148\/radiol.241073","volume":"314","author":"CH Savage","year":"2025","unstructured":"Savage CH, Kanhere A, Parekh V, Langlotz CP, Joshi A, Huang H, Doo FX. Open-Source Large Language Models in Radiology: A Review and Tutorial for Practical Research and Clinical Deployment. Radiology. 2025;314(1):e241073.","journal-title":"Radiology."},{"issue":"3","key":"1989_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1148\/radiol.240498","volume":"310","author":"AA Rahsepar","year":"2024","unstructured":"Rahsepar AA. Large Language Models for Enhancing Radiology Report Impressions: Improve Readability While Decreasing Burnout. Radiology. 2024;310(3):e240498.","journal-title":"Radiology."}],"updated-by":[{"DOI":"10.1007\/s10278-026-02020-z","type":"correction","label":"Correction","source":"publisher","updated":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,26]],"date-time":"2026-05-26T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1779753600000}}],"container-title":["Journal of Imaging Informatics in Medicine"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s10278-026-01989-x.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s10278-026-01989-x","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s10278-026-01989-x.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,28]],"date-time":"2026-05-28T06:10:36Z","timestamp":1779948636000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s10278-026-01989-x"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,6]]},"references-count":18,"alternative-id":["1989"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10278-026-01989-x","relation":{},"ISSN":["2948-2933"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2948-2933","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,6]]},"assertion":[{"value":"22 January 2026","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"31 March 2026","order":2,"name":"revised","label":"Revised","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"27 April 2026","order":3,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"6 May 2026","order":4,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"26 May 2026","order":6,"name":"change_date","label":"Change Date","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"Correction","order":7,"name":"change_type","label":"Change Type","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"A Correction to this paper has been published:","order":8,"name":"change_details","label":"Change Details","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10278-026-02020-z","URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10278-026-02020-z","order":9,"name":"change_details","label":"Change Details","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"This study was performed in line with the principles of the Declaration of Helsinki. Ethics approval was obtained from the Ankara Bilkent City Hospital Ethics Committee (approval date: 19.02.2025; approval number: 2\u201325-980).","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethics Approval"}},{"value":"The requirement for informed consent was waived by the ethics committee due to the retrospective design and use of de-identified data.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Consent to Participate"}},{"value":"Not applicable.","order":4,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Consent for Publication"}},{"value":"The authors declare no competing interests.","order":5,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing Interests"}}]}}