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This bidirectional cohort study was approved by the Peking University First Hospital Review Board (IRB: 2023[585\u2013002] approved at Jan 6, 2024, and 2024[206\u2013002] approved June 5, 2024).","order":1,"name":"Ethics","label":"Ethics Approval","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"Written informed consent was obtained from every participant in the prospective cohort; the requirement was waived for the retrospective cohort.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","label":"Consent to Participate","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"Patients signed informed consent regarding publishing their data and photographs.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","label":"Consent for Publication","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"The authors declare the following financial interests\/personal relationships which may be considered as potential competing interests: Pengsheng Wu reports on a relationship with Beijing Smart Tree Medical Technology Co. Ltd. that includes employment. He Wang reports financial support from the Peking University Health Science Center Medical Education Research Funding Project. Other authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper.","order":4,"name":"Ethics","label":"Competing interests","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}}]}}