{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,1]],"date-time":"2026-09-01T16:48:15Z","timestamp":1788281295346,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":42,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"S1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2008,3,1]],"date-time":"2008-03-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1204329600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/www.springer.com\/tdm"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Clin Auton Res"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2008,3]]},"DOI":"10.1007\/s10286-007-1003-1","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2008,3,26]],"date-time":"2008-03-26T08:54:39Z","timestamp":1206521679000},"page":"14-18","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":43,"title":["Current pharmacologic treatment for orthostatic hypotension"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"18","author":[{"given":"Roy","family":"Freeman","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2008,3,27]]},"reference":[{"key":"1003_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"236","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.1987.03400020078035","volume":"258","author":"I Biaggioni","year":"1987","unstructured":"Biaggioni I, Onrot J, Stewart CK, Robertson D (1987) The potent pressor effect of phenylpropanolamine in patients with autonomic impairment. JAMA 258:236\u2013239","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"1003_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"181","DOI":"10.7326\/0003-4819-121-3-199408010-00004","volume":"121","author":"I Biaggioni","year":"1994","unstructured":"Biaggioni I, Robertson D, Krantz S, Jones M, Haile V (1994) The anemia of primary autonomic failure and its reversal with recombinant erythropoietin. Ann Intern Med 121:181\u2013186","journal-title":"Ann Intern Med"},{"key":"1003_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"381","DOI":"10.2337\/diab.24.4.381","volume":"24","author":"IW Campbell","year":"1975","unstructured":"Campbell IW, Ewing DJ, Clarke BF (1975) 9-Alpha-fluorohydrocortisone in the treatment of postural hypotension in diabetic autonomic neuropathy. Diabetes 24:381\u2013384","journal-title":"Diabetes"},{"key":"1003_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"68","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM197907123010202","volume":"301","author":"AV Chobanian","year":"1979","unstructured":"Chobanian AV, Volicer L, Tifft CP, Gavras H, Liang CS, Faxon D (1979) Mineralocorticoid-induced hypertension in patients with orthostatic hypotension. N Engl J Med 301:68\u201373","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"1003_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1669","DOI":"10.1161\/01.CIR.0000012745.50229.AC","volume":"105","author":"TJ Cleophas","year":"2002","unstructured":"Cleophas TJ, Grabowsky I, Niemeyer MG, Makel WM, van der Wall EE (2002) Paradoxical pressor effects of beta-blockers in standing elderly patients with mild hypertension: a beneficial side effect. Circulation 105:1669\u20131671","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"1003_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"172","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(78)90610-4","volume":"1","author":"B Davies","year":"1978","unstructured":"Davies B, Bannister R, Sever P (1978) Pressor amines and monoamine-oxidase inhibitors for treatment of postural hypotension in autonomic failure. Limitations and hazards. Lancet 1:172\u2013175","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"1003_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"444P","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2125.1978.tb04616.x","volume":"6","author":"IB Davies","year":"1978","unstructured":"Davies IB, Bannister RG, Sever PS, Wilcox CS (1978) Fludrocortisone in the treatment of postural hypotension: altered sensitivity to pressor agents [proceedings]. Br J Clin Pharmacol 6:444P\u2013445P","journal-title":"Br J Clin Pharmacol"},{"key":"1003_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"604","DOI":"10.1016\/S0002-9343(99)80246-0","volume":"99","author":"FM Fouad-Tarazi","year":"1995","unstructured":"Fouad-Tarazi FM, Okabe M, Goren H (1995) Alpha sympathomimetic treatment of autonomic insufficiency with orthostatic hypotension. Am J Med 99:604\u2013610","journal-title":"Am J Med"},{"key":"1003_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"435","DOI":"10.1055\/s-2004-817727","volume":"23","author":"R Freeman","year":"2003","unstructured":"Freeman R (2003) Treatment of orthostatic hypotension Semin Neurol 23:435\u2013442","journal-title":"Semin Neurol"},{"key":"1003_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"336","DOI":"10.1097\/00000441-192803000-00007","volume":"175","author":"DG Ghrist","year":"1928","unstructured":"Ghrist DG, Brown GE (1928) Postural hypertension with syncope: its successful treatment with ephedrine. Am J Med Sci 175:336\u2013349","journal-title":"Am J Med Sci"},{"key":"1003_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"788","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM195910152611604","volume":"261","author":"RB Hickler","year":"1959","unstructured":"Hickler RB, Thompson GR, Fox LM, Hamlin JT (1959) Successful treatment of orthostatic hypotension with 9-alpha-fluorohydrocortisone. N Engl J Med 261:788\u2013791","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"1003_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"611","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM199308263290904","volume":"329","author":"RD Hoeldtke","year":"1993","unstructured":"Hoeldtke RD, Streeten DHP, Streeten DH (1993) Treatment of orthostatic hypotension with erythropoietin. N Engl J Med 329:611\u2013615","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"1003_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"116","DOI":"10.1016\/S0002-9343(98)00193-4","volume":"105","author":"J Jordan","year":"1998","unstructured":"Jordan J, Shannon JR, Biaggioni I, Norman R, Black BK, Robertson D (1998) Contrasting actions of pressor agents in severe autonomic failure. Am J Med 105:116\u2013124","journal-title":"Am J Med"},{"key":"1003_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"504","DOI":"10.1161\/01.CIR.101.5.504","volume":"101","author":"J Jordan","year":"2000","unstructured":"Jordan J, Shannon JR, Black BK, Ali Y, Farley M, Costa F, Diedrich A, Robertson RM, Biaggioni I, Robertson D (2000) The pressor response to water drinking in humans: a sympathetic reflex? Circulation 101:504\u2013509","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"1003_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"951","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.38.6.951","volume":"38","author":"H Kaufmann","year":"1988","unstructured":"Kaufmann H, Brannan T, Krakoff L, Yahr MD, Mandeli J (1988) Treatment of orthostatic hypotension due to autonomic failure with a peripheral alpha-adrenergic agonist (midodrine). Neurology 38:951\u2013956","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"key":"1003_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1826","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM200012213432501","volume":"343","author":"WN Kernan","year":"2000","unstructured":"Kernan WN, Viscoli CM, Brass LM, Broderick JP, Brott T, Feldmann E, Morgenstern LB, Wilterdink JL, Horwitz RI (2000) Phenylpropanolamine and the risk of hemorrhagic stroke. N Engl J Med 343:1826\u20131832","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"1003_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"119","DOI":"10.1007\/BF01826207","volume":"1","author":"PJ Leslie","year":"1991","unstructured":"Leslie PJ, Thompson C, Clarke BF, Ewing DJ (1991) A double-blind crossover study of oral xamoterol in postural hypotension due to diabetic autonomic neuropathy. Clin Auton Res 1:119\u2013123","journal-title":"Clin Auton Res"},{"key":"1003_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"35","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02291388","volume":"10","author":"JJ Lieshout van","year":"2000","unstructured":"van Lieshout JJ, ten Harkel AD, Wieling W. (2000) Fludrocortisone and sleeping in the head-up position limit the postural decrease in cardiac output in autonomic failure. Clin Auton Res 10:35\u201342","journal-title":"Clin Auton Res"},{"key":"1003_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"391","DOI":"10.1161\/01.CIR.87.2.391","volume":"87","author":"LA Lipsitz","year":"1993","unstructured":"Lipsitz LA, Ryan SM, Parker JA, Freeman R, Wei JY, Goldberger AL. (1993) Hemodynamic and autonomic nervous system responses to mixed meal ingestion in healthy young and old subjects and dysautonomic patients with postprandial hypotension. Circulation 87:391\u2013400","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"1003_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1046","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.1997.03540370036033","volume":"277","author":"PA Low","year":"1997","unstructured":"Low PA, Gilden JL, Freeman R, Sheng KN, McElligott MA (1997) Efficacy of midodrine vs placebo in neurogenic orthostatic hypotension. A randomized, doubleblind multicenter study. Midodrine Study Group. JAMA 277:1046\u20131051","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"1003_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"353","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.293.6543.353","volume":"293","author":"CJ Mathias","year":"1986","unstructured":"Mathias CJ, Fosbraey P, da Costa DF, Thornley A, Bannister R (1986) The effect of desmopressin on nocturnal polyuria, overnight weight loss, and morning postural hypotension in patients with autonomic failure. Br Med J Clin Res 293:353\u2013354","journal-title":"Br Med J Clin Res"},{"key":"1003_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"173","DOI":"10.1111\/j.0954-6820.1986.tb03295.x","volume":"219","author":"J Mehlsen","year":"1986","unstructured":"Mehlsen J, Trap-Jensen J (1986) Xamoterol, a new selective beta-1-adrenoceptor partial agonist, in the treatment of postural hypotension. Acta Med Scand 219:173\u2013177","journal-title":"Acta Med Scand"},{"key":"1003_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"606","DOI":"10.1161\/01.CIR.85.2.606","volume":"85","author":"A Obara","year":"1992","unstructured":"Obara A, Yamashita H, Onodera S, Yahara O, Honda H, Hasebe N (1992) Effect of xamoterol in Shy-Drager syndrome. Circulation 85:606\u2013611","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"1003_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"609","DOI":"10.1042\/cs1010609","volume":"101","author":"S Omboni","year":"2001","unstructured":"Omboni S, Smit AA, van Lieshout JJ, Settels JJ, Langewouters GJ, Wieling W (2001) Mechanisms underlying the impairment in orthostatic tolerance after nocturnal recumbency in patients with autonomic failure. Clin Sci (Lond) 101:609\u2013618","journal-title":"Clin Sci (Lond)"},{"key":"1003_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"549","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM198508293130905","volume":"313","author":"J Onrot","year":"1985","unstructured":"Onrot J, Goldberg MR, Biaggioni I, Hollister AS, Kingaid D, Robertson D (1985) Hemodynamic and humoral effects of caffeine in autonomic failure. Therapeutic implications for postprandial hypotension. N Engl J Med 313:549\u2013554","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"1003_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"215","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.37.2.215","volume":"37","author":"J Onrot","year":"1987","unstructured":"Onrot J, Goldberg MR, Biaggioni I, Wiley RG, Hollister AS, Robertson D (1987) Oral yohimbine in human autonomic failure. Neurology 37:215\u2013220","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"key":"1003_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"542","DOI":"10.1136\/jnnp.67.4.542","volume":"67","author":"T Ozawa","year":"1999","unstructured":"Ozawa T, Tanaka H, Nakano R, Sato M, Inuzuka T, Soma Y, Yoshimura N, Fukuhara N, Tsuji S (1999) Nocturnal decrease in vasopressin secretion into plasma in patients with multiple system atrophy. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 67:542\u2013545","journal-title":"J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry"},{"key":"1003_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"211","DOI":"10.1007\/BF01824009","volume":"5","author":"R Perera","year":"1995","unstructured":"Perera R, Isola L, Kaufmann H (1995) Effect of recombinant erythropoietin on anemia and orthostatic hypotension in primary autonomic failure. Clin Auton Res 5:211\u2013213","journal-title":"Clin Auton Res"},{"key":"1003_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"141","DOI":"10.1007\/s10286-002-0031-0","volume":"12","author":"SV Rao","year":"2002","unstructured":"Rao SV, Stamler JS (2002) Erythropoietin, anemia, and orthostatic hypotension: the evidence mounts. Clin Auton Res 12:141\u2013143","journal-title":"Clin Auton Res"},{"key":"1003_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"193","DOI":"10.1016\/0002-9343(83)90607-1","volume":"74","author":"D Robertson","year":"1983","unstructured":"Robertson D, Goldberg MR, Hollister AS, Wade D, Robertson RM (1983) Clonidine raises blood pressure in idiopathic orthostatic hypotension. Am J Med 74:193\u2013199","journal-title":"Am J Med"},{"key":"1003_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"576","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI112611","volume":"78","author":"D Robertson","year":"1986","unstructured":"Robertson D, Goldberg MR, Tung CS, Hollister AS, Robertson RM. (1986) Use of alpha 2 adrenoreceptor agonists and antagonists in the functional assessment of the sympathetic nervous system. J Clin Invest 78:576\u2013581","journal-title":"J Clin Invest"},{"key":"1003_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1048","DOI":"10.1016\/0002-9149(81)90319-2","volume":"48","author":"D Robertson","year":"1981","unstructured":"Robertson D, Wade D, Robertson RM (1981) Postprandial alterations in cardiovascular hemodynamics in autonomic dysfunction states. Am J Cardiol 48:1048\u20131052","journal-title":"Am J Cardiol"},{"key":"1003_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"106","DOI":"10.1007\/s10286-003-0052-3","volume":"13","author":"R Sakakibara","year":"2003","unstructured":"Sakakibara R, Matsuda S, Uchiyama T, Yoshiyama M, Yamanishi T, Hattori T (2003) The effect of intranasal desmopressin on nocturnal waking in urination in multiple system atrophy patients with nocturnal polyuria. Clin Auton Res 13:106\u2013108","journal-title":"Clin Auton Res"},{"issue":"suppl 1","key":"1003_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"280","DOI":"10.1159\/000169821","volume":"61","author":"IJ Schatz","year":"1976","unstructured":"Schatz IJ, Miller MJ, Frame B (1976) Corticosteroids in the management of orthostatic hypotension. Cardiology 61(suppl 1):280\u2013289","journal-title":"Cardiology"},{"key":"1003_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1294","DOI":"10.1136\/jnnp.74.9.1294","volume":"74","author":"W Singer","year":"2003","unstructured":"Singer W, Opfer-Gehrking TL, McPhee BR, Hilz MJ, Bharucha AE, Low PA (2003) Acetylcholinesterase inhibition: a novel approach in the treatment of neurogenic orthostatic hypotension. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 74:1294\u20131298","journal-title":"J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry"},{"key":"1003_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"361","DOI":"10.1016\/S0002-9343(02)01023-9","volume":"112","author":"RG Victor","year":"2002","unstructured":"Victor RG, Talman WT (2002) Comparative effects of clonidine and dihydroergotamine on venomotor tone and orthostatic tolerance in patients with severe hypoadrenergic orthostatic hypotension. Am J Med 112:361\u2013368","journal-title":"Am J Med"},{"key":"1003_CR37","first-page":"209","volume":"74","author":"JN West","year":"1990","unstructured":"West JN, Stallard TJ, Dimmitt SB, Smith SA, Williams A, Littler WA (1990) Xamoterol in the treatment of orthostatic hypotension associated with multiple system atrophy (Shy-Drager syndrome). Q J Med 74:209\u2013213","journal-title":"Q J Med"},{"key":"1003_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"242","DOI":"10.1007\/s10286-002-0024-z","volume":"12","author":"W Wieling","year":"2002","unstructured":"Wieling W, van Lieshout JJ, Hainsworth R (2002) Extracellular fluid volume expansion in patients with posturally related syncope. Clin Auton Res 12:242\u2013249","journal-title":"Clin Auton Res"},{"key":"1003_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"57","DOI":"10.1007\/BF01819146","volume":"3","author":"W Wieling","year":"1993","unstructured":"Wieling W, van Lieshout JJ, van Leeuwen AM (1993) Physical manoeuvres that reduce postural hypotension in autonomic failure. Clin Auton Res 3:57\u201365","journal-title":"Clin Auton Res"},{"key":"1003_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"203","DOI":"10.1007\/s10286-002-0009-y","volume":"12","author":"AS Winkler","year":"2002","unstructured":"Winkler AS, Landau S, Watkins P, Chaudhuri KR (2002) Observations on haematological and cardiovascular effects of erythropoietin treatment in multiple system atrophy with sympathetic failure. Clin Auton Res 12:203\u2013206","journal-title":"Clin Auton Res"},{"key":"1003_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"233","DOI":"10.1002\/mds.1063","volume":"16","author":"AS Winkler","year":"2001","unstructured":"Winkler AS, Marsden J, Parton M, Watkins PJ, Chaudhuri KR (2001) Erythropoietin deficiency and anaemia in multiple system atrophy. Mov Disord 16:233\u2013239","journal-title":"Mov Disord"},{"key":"1003_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"120","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.51.1.120","volume":"51","author":"RA Wright","year":"1998","unstructured":"Wright RA, Kaufmann HC, Perera R, Opfer-Gehrking TL, McElligott MA, Sheng KN, Low PA (1998) A double-blind, dose-response study of midodrine in neurogenic orthostatic hypotension. Neurology 51:120\u2013124","journal-title":"Neurology"}],"container-title":["Clinical Autonomic Research"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s10286-007-1003-1.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s10286-007-1003-1\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s10286-007-1003-1","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2019,5,29]],"date-time":"2019-05-29T08:12:37Z","timestamp":1559117557000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s10286-007-1003-1"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2008,3]]},"references-count":42,"journal-issue":{"issue":"S1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2008,3]]}},"alternative-id":["1003"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10286-007-1003-1","relation":{},"ISSN":["0959-9851","1619-1560"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0959-9851","type":"print"},{"value":"1619-1560","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2008,3]]}}}