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Palma has received fees as consultant or advisory board member for Lundbeck, Takeda, Biogen, Dr. Reddy\u2019s, and PTC; is the principal investigator in clinical studies sponsored by Theravance, Biohaven, and Biogen; receives research support from the National Institutes of Health, the Food and Drug Administration, the Familial Dysautonomia Foundation, Inc., the MSA Coalition, and the Michael J. Fox Foundation; and is managing editor of\u00a0<i>Clinical Autonomic Research<\/i>. L. Norcliffe-Kaufmann has received fees as consultant or advisory board member for PTC and Theravance; receives research support from the National Institutes of Health, the Food and Drug Administration, the Familial Dysautonomia Foundation, and the Michael J. Fox Foundation. H. Kaufmann serves on a scientific advisory board for Lundbeck, Biogen, Theravance, Biohaven, and PTC; receives research support from the National Institutes of Health, the Food and Drug Administration, the Familial Dysautonomia Foundation, Inc., the MSA Coalition, and the Michael J. Fox Foundation; and serves as Editor-in-Chief of <i>Clinical Autonomic Research<\/i>. A. Khan is a consultant for Medtronic. All other authors have no conflicts of interest to report.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Conflicts of interest"}},{"value":"Patient consent was obtained following local Institutional Review Board (IRB) guidelines for recruiting research study participants when their capacity to given written informed consent was questionable. The study protocol was approved by the NYU School of Medicine IRB which received a copy of all questions. 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