{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,28]],"date-time":"2026-06-28T23:42:42Z","timestamp":1782690162350,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":71,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,28]],"date-time":"2023-10-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1698451200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springernature.com\/gp\/researchers\/text-and-data-mining"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,28]],"date-time":"2023-10-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1698451200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springernature.com\/gp\/researchers\/text-and-data-mining"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000738","name":"U.S. Department of Veterans Affairs","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["I01CX001065"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["I01CX001065"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000738","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000968","name":"American Heart Association","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["15CSA24340001"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["15CSA24340001"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000968","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100006108","name":"National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["UL1TR002494"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UL1TR002494"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100006108","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000050","name":"National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["K01HL161027"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["K01HL161027"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000050","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000005","name":"U.S. Department of Defense","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["W81XWH-22-1-0437"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["W81XWH-22-1-0437"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000005","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Clin Auton Res"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,12]]},"DOI":"10.1007\/s10286-023-00995-1","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,28]],"date-time":"2023-10-28T20:22:33Z","timestamp":1698524553000},"page":"757-766","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Sex differences in Black Veterans with PTSD: women versus men have higher sympathetic activity, inflammation, and blunted cardiovagal baroreflex sensitivity"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"33","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3282-5739","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ida T.","family":"Fonkoue","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chowdhury Tasnova","family":"Tahsin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Toure N.","family":"Jones","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Keyona N.","family":"King","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chowdhury Ibtida","family":"Tahmin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jinhee","family":"Jeong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Deirdre","family":"Dixon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dana R.","family":"DaCosta","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5799-9172","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jeanie","family":"Park","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,28]]},"reference":[{"key":"995_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"320","DOI":"10.1016\/S2215-0366(16)30377-7","volume":"4","author":"D Edmondson","year":"2017","unstructured":"Edmondson D, von K\u00e4nel R (2017) Post-traumatic stress disorder and cardiovascular disease. Lancet Psychiatry 4:320\u2013329. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/S2215-0366(16)30377-7","journal-title":"Lancet Psychiatry"},{"key":"995_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"98","DOI":"10.1016\/j.janxdis.2015.02.003","volume":"31","author":"JJ Fulton","year":"2015","unstructured":"Fulton JJ, Calhoun PS, Wagner HR et al (2015) The prevalence of posttraumatic stress disorder in operation enduring freedom\/operation Iraqi freedom (OEF\/OIF) Veterans: a meta-analysis. J Anxiety Disord 31:98\u2013107. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.janxdis.2015.02.003","journal-title":"J Anxiety Disord"},{"key":"995_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4893","DOI":"10.1113\/JP274269","volume":"595","author":"J Park","year":"2017","unstructured":"Park J, Marvar PJ, Liao P et al (2017) Baroreflex dysfunction and augmented sympathetic nerve responses during mental stress in Veterans with post-traumatic stress disorder. J Physiol 595:4893\u20134908. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1113\/JP274269","journal-title":"J Physiol"},{"key":"995_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"R1272","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpregu.00173.2018","volume":"315","author":"IT Fonkoue","year":"2018","unstructured":"Fonkoue IT, Norrholm SD, Marvar PJ et al (2018) Elevated resting blood pressure augments autonomic imbalance in posttraumatic stress disorder. Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol 315:R1272\u2013R1280. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1152\/ajpregu.00173.2018","journal-title":"Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol"},{"key":"995_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e14057","DOI":"10.14814\/phy2.14057","volume":"7","author":"IT Fonkoue","year":"2019","unstructured":"Fonkoue IT, Le N-A, Kankam ML et al (2019) Sympathoexcitation and impaired arterial baroreflex sensitivity are linked to vascular inflammation in individuals with elevated resting blood pressure. Physiol Rep 7:e14057. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.14814\/phy2.14057","journal-title":"Physiol Rep"},{"key":"995_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"126","DOI":"10.1176\/appi.ps.202000783","volume":"73","author":"GM Gross","year":"2022","unstructured":"Gross GM, Smith N, Holliday R et al (2022) Racial disparities in clinical outcomes of Veterans affairs residential PTSD treatment between black and white Veterans. Psychiatr Serv 73:126\u2013132. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1176\/appi.ps.202000783","journal-title":"Psychiatr Serv"},{"key":"995_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.janxdis.2019.102145","volume":"68","author":"J McClendon","year":"2019","unstructured":"McClendon J, Perkins D, Copeland LA et al (2019) Patterns and correlates of racial\/ethnic disparities in posttraumatic stress disorder screening among recently separated Veterans. J Anxiety Disord 68:102145. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.janxdis.2019.102145","journal-title":"J Anxiety Disord"},{"key":"995_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"537","DOI":"10.1002\/jts.21848","volume":"26","author":"DG Kilpatrick","year":"2013","unstructured":"Kilpatrick DG, Resnick HS, Milanak ME et al (2013) National estimates of exposure to traumatic events and PTSD prevalence using DSM-IV and DSM-5 criteria. J Trauma Stress 26:537\u2013547. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/jts.21848","journal-title":"J Trauma Stress"},{"key":"995_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"111","DOI":"10.1177\/2470289718820845","volume":"2","author":"JL Taylor","year":"2018","unstructured":"Taylor JL, Makarem N, Shimbo D, Aggarwal B (2018) Gender differences in associations between stress and cardiovascular risk factors and outcomes. Gend Genome 2:111\u2013122. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/2470289718820845","journal-title":"Gend Genome"},{"key":"995_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"H49","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpheart.00490.2019","volume":"318","author":"J-K Yoo","year":"2020","unstructured":"Yoo J-K, Badrov MB, Parker RS et al (2020) Early onset neurocirculatory response to static handgrip is associated with greater blood pressure variability in women with posttraumatic stress disorder. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 318:H49\u2013H58. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1152\/ajpheart.00490.2019","journal-title":"Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol"},{"key":"995_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"409","DOI":"10.1007\/s10286-020-00729-7","volume":"30","author":"IT Fonkoue","year":"2020","unstructured":"Fonkoue IT, Michopoulos V, Park J (2020) Sex differences in post-traumatic stress disorder risk: autonomic control and inflammation. Clin Auton Res 30:409\u2013421. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10286-020-00729-7","journal-title":"Clin Auton Res"},{"key":"995_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"505","DOI":"10.1016\/j.genhosppsych.2009.05.003","volume":"31","author":"CF Gillespie","year":"2009","unstructured":"Gillespie CF, Bradley B, Mercer K et al (2009) Trauma exposure and stress-related disorders in inner city primary care patients. Gen Hosp Psychiatry 31:505\u2013514. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.genhosppsych.2009.05.003","journal-title":"Gen Hosp Psychiatry"},{"key":"995_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"154","DOI":"10.1080\/15299732.2020.1869098","volume":"22","author":"Y Mekawi","year":"2021","unstructured":"Mekawi Y, Carter S, Brown B et al (2021) Interpersonal trauma and posttraumatic stress disorder among black women: does racial discrimination matter? J Trauma Dissociation 22:154\u2013169. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/15299732.2020.1869098","journal-title":"J Trauma Dissociation"},{"key":"995_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"669","DOI":"10.1016\/0005-7967(96)00033-2","volume":"34","author":"EB Blanchard","year":"1996","unstructured":"Blanchard EB, Jones-Alexander J, Buckley TC, Forneris CA (1996) Psychometric properties of the PTSD Checklist (PCL). Behav Res Ther 34:669\u2013673. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/0005-7967(96)00033-2","journal-title":"Behav Res Ther"},{"key":"995_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"75","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02105408","volume":"8","author":"DD Blake","year":"1995","unstructured":"Blake DD, Weathers FW, Nagy LM et al (1995) The development of a clinician-administered PTSD Scale. J Trauma Stress 8:75\u201390. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/BF02105408","journal-title":"J Trauma Stress"},{"key":"995_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"132","DOI":"10.1002\/da.1029","volume":"13","author":"FW Weathers","year":"2001","unstructured":"Weathers FW, Keane TM, Davidson JR (2001) Clinician-administered PTSD scale: a review of the first ten years of research. Depress Anxiety 13:132\u2013156. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/da.1029","journal-title":"Depress Anxiety"},{"key":"995_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e426","DOI":"10.1161\/CIR.0000000000000597","volume":"138","author":"PK Whelton","year":"2018","unstructured":"Whelton PK, Carey RM, Aronow WS et al (2018) 2017 ACC\/AHA\/AAPA\/ABC\/ACPM\/AGS\/APhA\/ASH\/ASPC\/NMA\/PCNA guideline for the prevention, detection, evaluation, and management of high blood pressure in adults: executive summary: a report of the American college of cardiology\/American heart association task force on clinical practice guidelines. Circulation 138:e426\u2013e483. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1161\/CIR.0000000000000597","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"995_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"H141","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpheart.00098.2018","volume":"315","author":"IT Fonkoue","year":"2018","unstructured":"Fonkoue IT, Marvar PJ, Norrholm SD et al (2018) Acute effects of device-guided slow breathing on sympathetic nerve activity and baroreflex sensitivity in posttraumatic stress disorder. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 315:H141\u2013H149. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1152\/ajpheart.00098.2018","journal-title":"Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol"},{"key":"995_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"202","DOI":"10.1093\/bja\/aer394","volume":"108","author":"C Ilies","year":"2012","unstructured":"Ilies C, Bauer M, Berg P et al (2012) Investigation of the agreement of a continuous non-invasive arterial pressure device in comparison with invasive radial artery measurement. Br J Anaesth 108:202\u2013210. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/bja\/aer394","journal-title":"Br J Anaesth"},{"key":"995_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"565","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.ph.50.030188.003025","volume":"50","author":"BG Wallin","year":"1988","unstructured":"Wallin BG, Fagius J (1988) Peripheral sympathetic neural activity in conscious humans. Annu Rev Physiol 50:565\u2013576. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1146\/annurev.ph.50.030188.003025","journal-title":"Annu Rev Physiol"},{"key":"995_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2357","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clinph.2006.06.002","volume":"117","author":"T Mano","year":"2006","unstructured":"Mano T, Iwase S, Toma S (2006) Microneurography as a tool in clinical neurophysiology to investigate peripheral neural traffic in humans. Clin Neurophysiol 117:2357\u20132384. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.clinph.2006.06.002","journal-title":"Clin Neurophysiol"},{"key":"995_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"H1691","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpheart.1999.276.5.h1691","volume":"276","author":"L Rudas","year":"1999","unstructured":"Rudas L, Crossman AA, Morillo CA et al (1999) Human sympathetic and vagal baroreflex responses to sequential nitroprusside and phenylephrine. Am J Physiol 276:H1691\u2013H1698. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1152\/ajpheart.1999.276.5.h1691","journal-title":"Am J Physiol"},{"key":"995_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3193","DOI":"10.1161\/01.CIR.0000147280.90339.E9","volume":"110","author":"I Bonyhay","year":"2004","unstructured":"Bonyhay I, Freeman R (2004) Sympathetic nerve activity in response to hypotensive stress in the postural tachycardia syndrome. Circulation 110:3193\u20133198. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1161\/01.CIR.0000147280.90339.E9","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"995_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"943","DOI":"10.1007\/s00127-018-1550-x","volume":"53","author":"K Lehavot","year":"2018","unstructured":"Lehavot K, Goldberg SB, Chen JA et al (2018) Do trauma type, stressful life events, and social support explain women Veterans\u2019 high prevalence of PTSD? Soc Psychiatry Psychiatr Epidemiol 53:943\u2013953. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00127-018-1550-x","journal-title":"Soc Psychiatry Psychiatr Epidemiol"},{"key":"995_CR25","volume-title":"Posttraumatic stress disorder","author":"SK Mann","year":"2023","unstructured":"Mann SK, Marwaha R (2023) Posttraumatic stress disorder. StatPearls Publishing, St. Petersburg"},{"key":"995_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Burg MM, Brandt C, Buta E, Schwartz J, Bathulapalli H, Dziura J, Edmondson DE, Haskell S (2017) Risk for incident hypertension associated with posttraumatic stress disorder in military veterans and the effect of posttraumatic stress disorder treatment. Psychosom Med 79(2):181\u2013188. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/PSY.0000000000000376. PMID: 27490852; PMCID: PMC5285494.","DOI":"10.1097\/PSY.0000000000000376"},{"key":"995_CR27","first-page":"642","volume":"99","author":"US Bedi","year":"2007","unstructured":"Bedi US, Arora R (2007) Cardiovascular manifestations of posttraumatic stress disorder. J Natl Med Assoc 99:642\u2013649","journal-title":"J Natl Med Assoc"},{"key":"995_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"725","DOI":"10.1037\/0033-2909.133.5.725","volume":"133","author":"N Pole","year":"2007","unstructured":"Pole N (2007) The psychophysiology of posttraumatic stress disorder: a meta-analysis. Psychol Bull 133:725\u2013746. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1037\/0033-2909.133.5.725","journal-title":"Psychol Bull"},{"key":"995_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"72","DOI":"10.1016\/j.semcdb.2021.01.001","volume":"116","author":"SA Klassen","year":"2021","unstructured":"Klassen SA, Joyner MJ, Baker SE (2021) The impact of ageing and sex on sympathetic neurocirculatory regulation. Semin Cell Dev Biol 116:72\u201381. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.semcdb.2021.01.001","journal-title":"Semin Cell Dev Biol"},{"key":"995_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"H847","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpheart.01234.2008","volume":"296","author":"JR Carter","year":"2009","unstructured":"Carter JR, Ray CA (2009) Sympathetic neural responses to mental stress: responders, nonresponders and sex differences. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 296:H847\u2013H853. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1152\/ajpheart.01234.2008","journal-title":"Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol"},{"key":"995_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"651","DOI":"10.1152\/japplphysiol.00788.2001","volume":"92","author":"CA Ray","year":"2002","unstructured":"Ray CA, Monahan KD (2002) Sympathetic vascular transduction is augmented in young normotensive blacks. J Appl Physiol 92:651\u2013656. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1152\/japplphysiol.00788.2001","journal-title":"J Appl Physiol"},{"key":"995_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"H426","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpheart.00378.2016","volume":"311","author":"IT Fonkoue","year":"2016","unstructured":"Fonkoue IT, Wang M, Carter JR (2016) Sympathetic neural reactivity to mental stress in offspring of hypertensive parents: 20 years revisited. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 311:H426\u2013H432. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1152\/ajpheart.00378.2016","journal-title":"Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol"},{"key":"995_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2491","DOI":"10.1113\/jphysiol.2014.271858","volume":"592","author":"DW White","year":"2014","unstructured":"White DW, Raven PB (2014) Autonomic neural control of heart rate during dynamic exercise: revisited. J Physiol 592:2491\u20132500. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1113\/jphysiol.2014.271858","journal-title":"J Physiol"},{"key":"995_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/eci.12892","author":"M Tadic","year":"2018","unstructured":"Tadic M, Cuspidi C, Grassi G (2018) Heart rate as a predictor of cardiovascular risk. Eur J Clin Invest. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/eci.12892","journal-title":"Eur J Clin Invest"},{"key":"995_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"553","DOI":"10.1001\/archpsyc.55.6.553","volume":"55","author":"AY Shalev","year":"1998","unstructured":"Shalev AY, Sahar T, Freedman S et al (1998) A prospective study of heart rate response following trauma and the subsequent development of posttraumatic stress disorder. Arch Gen Psychiatry 55:553\u2013559. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1001\/archpsyc.55.6.553","journal-title":"Arch Gen Psychiatry"},{"key":"995_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"585","DOI":"10.1097\/00006842-200107000-00011","volume":"63","author":"TC Buckley","year":"2001","unstructured":"Buckley TC, Kaloupek DG (2001) A meta-analytic examination of basal cardiovascular activity in posttraumatic stress disorder. Psychosom Med 63:585\u2013594. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/00006842-200107000-00011","journal-title":"Psychosom Med"},{"key":"995_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7759\/cureus.30583","volume":"14","author":"AB Habbal","year":"2022","unstructured":"Habbal AB, White CT, Shamim H et al (2022) Posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and instigation of cardiovascular events: ischemic heart disease (IHD) and atrial fibrillation (AF). Cureus 14:e30583. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.7759\/cureus.30583","journal-title":"Cureus"},{"key":"995_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"260","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbi.2019.10.021","volume":"83","author":"IT Fonkoue","year":"2020","unstructured":"Fonkoue IT, Marvar PJ, Norrholm S et al (2020) Symptom severity impacts sympathetic dysregulation and inflammation in post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). Brain Behav Immun 83:260\u2013269. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.bbi.2019.10.021","journal-title":"Brain Behav Immun"},{"key":"995_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"229","DOI":"10.1161\/HYPERTENSIONAHA.108.113191","volume":"52","author":"TW Hansen","year":"2008","unstructured":"Hansen TW, Thijs L, Boggia J et al (2008) Prognostic value of ambulatory heart rate revisited in 6928 subjects from 6 populations. Hypertension 52:229\u2013235. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1161\/HYPERTENSIONAHA.108.113191","journal-title":"Hypertension"},{"key":"995_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"719","DOI":"10.1177\/2047487312452501","volume":"21","author":"M Woodward","year":"2014","unstructured":"Woodward M, Webster R, Murakami Y et al (2014) The association between resting heart rate, cardiovascular disease and mortality: evidence from 112,680 men and women in 12 cohorts. Eur J Prev Cardiol 21:719\u2013726. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/2047487312452501","journal-title":"Eur J Prev Cardiol"},{"key":"995_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"E53","DOI":"10.1503\/cmaj.150535","volume":"188","author":"D Zhang","year":"2016","unstructured":"Zhang D, Shen X, Qi X (2016) Resting heart rate and all-cause and cardiovascular mortality in the general population: a meta-analysis. CMAJ 188:E53\u2013E63. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1503\/cmaj.150535","journal-title":"CMAJ"},{"key":"995_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"48","DOI":"10.1161\/01.cir.39.1.48","volume":"39","author":"JD Bristow","year":"1969","unstructured":"Bristow JD, Honour AJ, Pickering GW et al (1969) Diminished baroreflex sensitivity in high blood pressure. Circulation 39:48\u201354. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1161\/01.cir.39.1.48","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"995_CR43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1891","DOI":"10.1161\/01.STR.0000177890.30065.cb","volume":"36","author":"N Nasr","year":"2005","unstructured":"Nasr N, Pavy-Le Traon A, Larrue V (2005) Baroreflex sensitivity is impaired in bilateral carotid atherosclerosis. Stroke 36:1891\u20131895. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1161\/01.STR.0000177890.30065.cb","journal-title":"Stroke"},{"key":"995_CR44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"235","DOI":"10.1007\/s10286-010-0053-y","volume":"20","author":"M Johansson","year":"2010","unstructured":"Johansson M, Ehnvall A, Friberg P, Myredal A (2010) Arterial baroreflex dysfunction in major depressive disorder. Clin Auton Res 20:235\u2013240. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10286-010-0053-y","journal-title":"Clin Auton Res"},{"key":"995_CR45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1118","DOI":"10.1161\/HYPERTENSIONAHA.110.158329","volume":"56","author":"AP Dutoit","year":"2010","unstructured":"Dutoit AP, Hart EC, Charkoudian N et al (2010) Cardiac baroreflex sensitivity is not correlated to sympathetic baroreflex sensitivity within healthy, young humans. Hypertension 56:1118\u20131123. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1161\/HYPERTENSIONAHA.110.158329","journal-title":"Hypertension"},{"key":"995_CR46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"98","DOI":"10.1007\/s12264-018-0274-y","volume":"35","author":"H Tu","year":"2019","unstructured":"Tu H, Zhang D, Li Y-L (2019) Cellular and molecular mechanisms underlying arterial baroreceptor remodeling in cardiovascular diseases and diabetes. Neurosci Bull 35:98\u2013112. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s12264-018-0274-y","journal-title":"Neurosci Bull"},{"key":"995_CR47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1749-6632.2001.tb03662.x","volume":"940","author":"MW Chapleau","year":"2001","unstructured":"Chapleau MW, Li Z, Meyrelles SS et al (2001) Mechanisms determining sensitivity of baroreceptor afferents in health and disease. Ann NY Acad Sci 940:1\u201319. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/j.1749-6632.2001.tb03662.x","journal-title":"Ann NY Acad Sci"},{"key":"995_CR48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"435","DOI":"10.1007\/s11883-014-0435-z","volume":"16","author":"E Golia","year":"2014","unstructured":"Golia E, Limongelli G, Natale F et al (2014) Inflammation and cardiovascular disease: from pathogenesis to therapeutic target. Curr Atheroscler Rep 16:435. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s11883-014-0435-z","journal-title":"Curr Atheroscler Rep"},{"key":"995_CR49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Vaccarino V, Goldberg J, Rooks C, Shah AJ, Veledar E, Faber TL, Votaw JR, Forsberg CW, Bremner JD (2013) Posttraumatic stress disorder and incidence of coronary heart disease: a twin study. J Am Coll Cardiol 62(11):970\u20138. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jacc.2013.04.085. Epub 2013 Jun 27. PMID: 23810885; PMCID: PMC3823367","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2013.04.085"},{"key":"995_CR50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"39","DOI":"10.1159\/000243084","volume":"17","author":"R von K\u00e4nel","year":"2010","unstructured":"von K\u00e4nel R, Begr\u00e9 S, Abbas CC et al (2010) Inflammatory biomarkers in patients with posttraumatic stress disorder caused by myocardial infarction and the role of depressive symptoms. NeuroImmunoModulation 17:39\u201346. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1159\/000243084","journal-title":"NeuroImmunoModulation"},{"key":"995_CR51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"744","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpsychires.2006.06.009","volume":"41","author":"R von K\u00e4nel","year":"2007","unstructured":"von K\u00e4nel R, Hepp U, Kraemer B et al (2007) Evidence for low-grade systemic proinflammatory activity in patients with posttraumatic stress disorder. J Psychiatr Res 41:744\u2013752. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jpsychires.2006.06.009","journal-title":"J Psychiatr Res"},{"key":"995_CR52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1776","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajpath.2020.05.007","volume":"190","author":"AK Abbas","year":"2020","unstructured":"Abbas AK (2020) The surprising story of IL-2: from experimental models to clinical application. Am J Pathol 190:1776\u20131781. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ajpath.2020.05.007","journal-title":"Am J Pathol"},{"key":"995_CR53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"738","DOI":"10.1093\/ijnp\/pyaa055","volume":"23","author":"A Borsini","year":"2020","unstructured":"Borsini A, Di Benedetto MG, Giacobbe J, Pariante CM (2020) Pro- and anti-inflammatory properties of interleukin (IL6) in vitro: relevance for major depression and for human hippocampal neurogenesis. Int J Neuropsychopharmacol 23:738\u2013750. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/ijnp\/pyaa055","journal-title":"Int J Neuropsychopharmacol"},{"key":"995_CR54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"eaaw636","DOI":"10.1126\/sciimmunol.aaw7636","volume":"4","author":"A Papillion","year":"2019","unstructured":"Papillion A, Powell MD, Chisolm DA et al (2019) Inhibition of IL-2 responsiveness by IL-6 is required for the generation of GC-TFH cells. Sci Immunol 4:eaaw636. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1126\/sciimmunol.aaw7636","journal-title":"Sci Immunol"},{"key":"995_CR55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"39171","DOI":"10.18632\/oncotarget.10047","volume":"7","author":"X Zhou","year":"2016","unstructured":"Zhou X, Hopkins JW, Wang C et al (2016) IL-2 and IL-6 cooperate to enhance the generation of influenza-specific CD8 T cells responding to live influenza virus in aged mice and humans. Oncotarget 7:39171\u201339183. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.18632\/oncotarget.10047","journal-title":"Oncotarget"},{"key":"995_CR56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"61","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbi.2018.02.013","volume":"70","author":"M Del Giudice","year":"2018","unstructured":"Del Giudice M, Gangestad SW (2018) Rethinking IL-6 and CRP: why they are more than inflammatory biomarkers, and why it matters. Brain Behav Immun 70:61\u201375. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.bbi.2018.02.013","journal-title":"Brain Behav Immun"},{"key":"995_CR57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"349","DOI":"10.1113\/EP085146","volume":"101","author":"MJ Joyner","year":"2016","unstructured":"Joyner MJ, Wallin BG, Charkoudian N (2016) Sex differences and blood pressure regulation in humans. Exp Physiol 101:349\u2013355. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1113\/EP085146","journal-title":"Exp Physiol"},{"key":"995_CR58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"BE01","DOI":"10.7860\/JCDR\/2014\/9635.4771","volume":"8","author":"K Prabhavathi","year":"2014","unstructured":"Prabhavathi K, Selvi KT, Poornima KN, Sarvanan A (2014) Role of biological sex in normal cardiac function and in its disease outcome - a review. J Clin Diagn Res 8:BE01-4. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.7860\/JCDR\/2014\/9635.4771","journal-title":"J Clin Diagn Res"},{"key":"995_CR59","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"II2","DOI":"10.1161\/01.CIR.0000129535.04194.38","volume":"109","author":"JT Willerson","year":"2004","unstructured":"Willerson JT, Ridker PM (2004) Inflammation as a cardiovascular risk factor. Circulation 109:II2-10. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1161\/01.CIR.0000129535.04194.38","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"995_CR60","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"133","DOI":"10.1038\/nrcardio.2016.185","volume":"14","author":"N Ruparelia","year":"2017","unstructured":"Ruparelia N, Chai JT, Fisher EA, Choudhury RP (2017) Inflammatory processes in cardiovascular disease: a route to targeted therapies. Nat Rev Cardiol 14:133\u2013144. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/nrcardio.2016.185","journal-title":"Nat Rev Cardiol"},{"key":"995_CR61","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"824","DOI":"10.1161\/HYPERTENSIONAHA.117.10496","volume":"71","author":"JT Howard","year":"2018","unstructured":"Howard JT, Sosnov JA, Janak JC et al (2018) Associations of initial injury severity and posttraumatic stress disorder diagnoses with long-term hypertension risk after combat injury. Hypertension 71:824\u2013832. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1161\/HYPERTENSIONAHA.117.10496","journal-title":"Hypertension"},{"key":"995_CR62","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"627","DOI":"10.1097\/PSY.0b013e3181a54341","volume":"71","author":"TA Mellman","year":"2009","unstructured":"Mellman TA, Brown DD, Jenifer ES et al (2009) Posttraumatic stress disorder and nocturnal blood pressure dipping in young adult African Americans. Psychosom Med 71:627\u2013630. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/PSY.0b013e3181a54341","journal-title":"Psychosom Med"},{"key":"995_CR63","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"H1198","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpheart.00684.2019","volume":"318","author":"J-K Yoo","year":"2020","unstructured":"Yoo J-K, Badrov MB, Huang M et al (2020) Abnormal sympathetic neural recruitment patterns and hemodynamic responses to cold pressor test in women with posttraumatic stress disorder. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 318:H1198\u2013H1207. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1152\/ajpheart.00684.2019","journal-title":"Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol"},{"key":"995_CR64","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"109","DOI":"10.1001\/archpsyc.64.1.109","volume":"64","author":"LD Kubzansky","year":"2007","unstructured":"Kubzansky LD, Koenen KC, Spiro A 3rd et al (2007) Prospective study of posttraumatic stress disorder symptoms and coronary heart disease in the normative aging study. Arch Gen Psychiatry 64:109\u2013116. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1001\/archpsyc.64.1.109","journal-title":"Arch Gen Psychiatry"},{"key":"995_CR65","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"668","DOI":"10.1097\/PSY.0b013e31817bccaf","volume":"70","author":"JA Boscarino","year":"2008","unstructured":"Boscarino JA (2008) A prospective study of PTSD and early-age heart disease mortality among Vietnam Veterans: implications for surveillance and prevention. Psychosom Med 70:668\u2013676. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/PSY.0b013e31817bccaf","journal-title":"Psychosom Med"},{"key":"995_CR66","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"125","DOI":"10.1037\/0278-6133.28.1.125","volume":"28","author":"LD Kubzansky","year":"2009","unstructured":"Kubzansky LD, Koenen KC, Jones C, Eaton WW (2009) A prospective study of posttraumatic stress disorder symptoms and coronary heart disease in women. Health Psychol 28:125\u2013130. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1037\/0278-6133.28.1.125","journal-title":"Health Psychol"},{"key":"995_CR67","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"251","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.114.014492","volume":"132","author":"JA Sumner","year":"2015","unstructured":"Sumner JA, Kubzansky LD, Elkind MSV et al (2015) Trauma exposure and posttraumatic stress disorder symptoms predict onset of cardiovascular events in women. Circulation 132:251\u2013259. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.114.014492","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"995_CR68","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"105","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbi.2019.06.001","volume":"81","author":"R Hou","year":"2019","unstructured":"Hou R, Ye G, Liu Y et al (2019) Effects of SSRIs on peripheral inflammatory cytokines in patients with generalized anxiety disorder. Brain Behav Immun 81:105\u2013110. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.bbi.2019.06.001","journal-title":"Brain Behav Immun"},{"key":"995_CR69","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"469","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbi.2011.12.011","volume":"26","author":"RJ Tynan","year":"2012","unstructured":"Tynan RJ, Weidenhofer J, Hinwood M et al (2012) A comparative examination of the anti-inflammatory effects of SSRI and SNRI antidepressants on LPS stimulated microglia. Brain Behav Immun 26:469\u2013479. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.bbi.2011.12.011","journal-title":"Brain Behav Immun"},{"key":"995_CR70","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"554","DOI":"10.1590\/1414-431x20143698","volume":"47","author":"RV Tiradentes","year":"2014","unstructured":"Tiradentes RV, Pires JGP, Silva NF et al (2014) Effects of acute administration of selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors on sympathetic nerve activity. Braz J Med Biol Res 47:554\u2013559. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1590\/1414-431x20143698","journal-title":"Braz J Med Biol Res"},{"key":"995_CR71","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"433","DOI":"10.1016\/s0306-4530(01)00002-6","volume":"26","author":"MM Shores","year":"2001","unstructured":"Shores MM, Pascualy M, Lewis NL et al (2001) Short-term sertraline treatment suppresses sympathetic nervous system activity in healthy human subjects. Psychoneuroendocrinology 26:433\u2013439. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/s0306-4530(01)00002-6","journal-title":"Psychoneuroendocrinology"}],"container-title":["Clinical Autonomic Research"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s10286-023-00995-1.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s10286-023-00995-1\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s10286-023-00995-1.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,12,26]],"date-time":"2023-12-26T15:08:15Z","timestamp":1703603295000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s10286-023-00995-1"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,28]]},"references-count":71,"journal-issue":{"issue":"6","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,12]]}},"alternative-id":["995"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10286-023-00995-1","relation":{},"ISSN":["0959-9851","1619-1560"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0959-9851","type":"print"},{"value":"1619-1560","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,28]]},"assertion":[{"value":"26 June 2023","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"14 October 2023","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"28 October 2023","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"On behalf of all authors, the corresponding author states that there is no conflict of interest.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Conflict of interest"}}]}}