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The present study was aimed at investigating whether the above mentioned treshold HR values reflect a sympathetic overdrive of marked degree.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n Methods<\/jats:title>\n In 58 T2D patients (age range: 39\u201357\u00a0years) without signs of autonomic neuropathy and in 52 age-matched healthy controls, we assessed muscle sympathetic nerve activity (MSNA, microneurography) and venous plasma norepinephrine (NE, HPLC), subdividing the study population in different subgroups according to their clinic and 24-h HR values.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n Results<\/jats:title>\n In T2D progressively greater clinic and 24-h HR values were accompanied by progressive increases in MSNA and NE. HR cutoff values indicated by clinical trials as associated with an increased cardiovascular risk (>\u200970 beats\/minute) were accompanied by MSNA values significantly higher than those detected in patients with lower HR, this being the case also for NE. In T2D both MSNA and NE were significantly related to clinic (r<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.93, P<\/jats:italic>\u2009<\u20090.0001 and r<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.87, P<\/jats:italic>\u2009<\u20090.0001, respectively) and 24-h (r<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.92, P<\/jats:italic>\u2009<\u20090.0001 and r<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.84, P<\/jats:italic>\u2009<\u20090.0001, respectively) HR. The MSNA and NE behaviour observed in T2D was not detected in healthy controls.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n In T2D clinic HR values allow to detect patients with a greater sympathetic overactivity. Considering the adverse clinical impact of the sympathetic overdrive on prognosis, our data emphasize the need of future studies investigating the potential usefulness of lifestyle and pharmacological interventions exerting sympathomodulatory effects.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1007\/s10286-024-01054-z","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,22]],"date-time":"2024-07-22T05:02:05Z","timestamp":1721624525000},"page":"437-445","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Reliability of heart rate in reflecting cardiac sympathetic overdrive in type 2 diabetes mellitus"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"34","author":[{"given":"Raffaella","family":"Dell\u2019Oro","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fosca","family":"Quarti-Trevano","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Stefano","family":"Ciardullo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gianluca","family":"Perseghin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Giuseppe","family":"Mancia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1922-6547","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Guido","family":"Grassi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,22]]},"reference":[{"key":"1054_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"186","DOI":"10.1007\/s00125-006-0483-1","volume":"50","author":"C Stettler","year":"2007","unstructured":"Stettler C, Bearth A, Allemann S, Zwahlen M, M, Zanchin L, Deplazes M, Christ ER, Teuscher A, Diem P, (2007) QTc interval and resting heart rate as long-term predictors of mortality in type 1 and type 2 diabetes mellitus: a 23-year follow-up. 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