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Res."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,4]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Purpose<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Autonomic failure has a major impact on the quality of life of individuals with Parkinson\u2019s disease\u00a0(PD), especially in advanced stages of the disease. Levodopa\/carbidopa intestinal gel (LCIG) infusion is a well-established treatment for advanced PD with severe motor fluctuations and provides substantial benefit in managing some non-motor symptoms (NMS), such as sleep, fatigue, and neuropsychiatric issues. The effect of LCIG on autonomic symptoms is by contrast\u00a0not well known. Here we performed a systematic review on the influence of LCIG therapy on autonomic dysfunction in PD individuals.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Following the PRISMA guidelines, we systematically searched for studies that included autonomic outcome measures in LCIG-treated PD individuals, limiting the search to articles written in English and published between January 2005 and June 2023. We evaluated improvement, stability, or worsening of gastrointestinal, urinary, and cardiovascular symptoms at six different timepoints according to clinimetric scale changes compared to baseline. Data on autonomic adverse events (AEs) possibly related to LCIG treatment were also collected.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Of the 1476 studies identified in the initial search, 16 ultimately met the inclusion criteria and underwent quality assessment and data extraction, with data from 1361 PD patients (18.3\u00a0months mean follow-up). Thirteen studies reported improvement or stability of gastrointestinal, urinary, and cardiovascular symptoms over the interventional period. One study found a worsening of cardiovascular symptoms and two of urological symptoms. Regarding safety, seven studies reported gastrointestinal (8.4%), urinary (0.5%), and cardiovascular (1.1%) autonomic LCIG-related AEs.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>LCIG infusion may help to\u00a0reduce the burden of\u00a0autonomic symptoms in advanced PD. Prospective studies specifically addressing the effect of LCIG on autonomic function in advanced PD are warranted.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1007\/s10286-024-01090-9","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,4]],"date-time":"2024-12-04T14:32:36Z","timestamp":1733322756000},"page":"159-182","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":9,"title":["Effects of levodopa\/carbidopa intestinal gel infusion on autonomic symptoms in advanced Parkinson\u2019s disease: a systematic review"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"35","author":[{"given":"Silvia","family":"Galli","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lanfranco","family":"De Carolis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Edoardo","family":"Bianchini","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marika","family":"Alborghetti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bianca","family":"Cali\u00f2","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Pierre","family":"Pacilio","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2854-4179","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Alessandra","family":"Fanciulli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Francesco E.","family":"Pontieri","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Domiziana","family":"Rinaldi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,4]]},"reference":[{"key":"1090_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1591","DOI":"10.1002\/mds.26424","volume":"30","author":"RB Postuma","year":"2015","unstructured":"Postuma RB, Berg D, Stern M, Poewe W, Olanow CW, Oertel W et al (2015) MDS clinical diagnostic criteria for Parkinson\u2019s disease. 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SG, LDC, BC, and PP report no financial disclosures. MA has received a travel grant from Zambon and speaker fees from Lusofarmaco. EB has received research grants from Abbvie and Merz. DR has received travel grants from Abbvie. AF has received royalties from Springer Verlag; speaker fees and honoraria from Theravance Biopharma, GE Health Care, Bial, Medtronic,\u00a0Broadview Ventures, Austrian Autonomic Society, and Elsevier; and research grants from the FWF-Austrian Science Fund, Medical University of Innsbruck, US MSA Coalition, Dr Johannes and Hertha Tuba Foundation, and Austrian Exchange Program, outside of the present work. FEP has received honoraria for lecturing from Abbvie, Bial, and Zambon; travel grants from Bial; and a research grant from Lundbeck.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Conflict of interest"}},{"value":"Approval of an institutional review board and informed patient consent were not required for this work.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethical approval"}}]}}