{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,17]],"date-time":"2026-10-17T09:22:30Z","timestamp":1792228950532,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":28,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2013,2,1]],"date-time":"2013-02-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1359676800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/journals\/pages\/open_access\/funder_policies\/chorus\/standard_publication_model"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2013,2,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>Previous work has demonstrated the feasibility of in vivo biodiesel synthesis in Escherichia coli, however, ethyl ester formation was dependent on an external fatty acid feedstock. In contrast to E. coli, actinomycetes may be ideal organisms for direct biodiesel synthesis because of their capacity to synthesize high levels of triacylglcerides (TAGs). In this study, we investigated the physiology and associated TAG accumulation along with the in vivo ability to catalyze ester formation from exogenous short chain alcohol sources in Gordonia sp. KTR9, a strain that possesses a large number of genes dedicated to fatty acid and lipid biosynthesis. Total lipid fatty acids content increased by 75\u00a0% and TAG content increased by 50\u00a0% under nitrogen starvation conditions in strain KTR9. Strain KTR9 tolerated the exogenous addition of up to 4\u00a0% methanol, 4\u00a0% ethanol and 2\u00a0% propanol in the media. Increasing alcohol concentrations resulted in a decrease in the degree of saturation of recovered fatty acid alcohol esters and a slight increase in the fatty acid chain length. A linear dose dependency in fatty alcohol ester synthesis was observed in the presence of 0.5\u20132\u00a0% methanol and ethanol compared to control KTR9 strains grown in the absence of alcohols. An inspection of the KTR9 genome revealed the presence of several putative wax ester synthase\/acyl-coenzyme A\u200a:\u200adiacylglycerol acyltransferase (WS\/DGAT) enzymes, encoded by atf gene homologs, that may catalyze the in vivo synthesis of fatty acid esters from short chain alcohols. Collectively, these results indicate that Gordonia sp. KTR9 may be a suitable actinomycete host strain for in vivo biodiesel synthesis.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1007\/s10295-012-1218-6","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2012,12,3]],"date-time":"2012-12-03T20:48:25Z","timestamp":1354567705000},"page":"201-208","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":14,"title":["Physiological characterization of lipid accumulation and in vivo ester formation in<i>Gordonia<\/i>sp. KTR9"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"40","author":[{"given":"Jed O","family":"Eberly","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"grid.417553.1 0000000106379574 Environmental Laboratory CEERD EP-P, U.S. Army Engineer Research and Development Center 3909 Halls Ferry Road 39180 Vicksburg MS USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"David B","family":"Ringelberg","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"grid.431335.3 0000000405824666 Cold Regions Research and Engineering Laboratory U.S. Army Engineer Research and Development Center 03755 Hanover NH USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Karl J","family":"Indest","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"grid.417553.1 0000000106379574 Environmental Laboratory CEERD EP-P, U.S. Army Engineer Research and Development Center 3909 Halls Ferry Road 39180 Vicksburg MS USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2013,2,1]]},"reference":[{"issue":"4","key":"2021033103104917200_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"367","DOI":"10.1007\/s00253-002-1135-0","article-title":"Triacylglycerols in prokaryotic microorganisms","volume":"60","author":"Alvarez","year":"2002","journal-title":"Appl Microbiol Biotechnol"},{"key":"2021033103104917200_CR2"},{"issue":"1","key":"2021033103104917200_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"23","DOI":"10.1007\/s00253-007-1163-x","article-title":"Biofuels from microbes","volume":"77","author":"Antoni","year":"2007","journal-title":"Appl Microbiol Biotechnol"},{"issue":"8","key":"2021033103104917200_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4971","DOI":"10.1128\/AEM.69.8.4971-4974.2003","article-title":"Identification and application of plasmids suitable for transfer of foreign DNA to members of the genus Gordonia","volume":"69","author":"Arensk\u00f6tter","year":"2003","journal-title":"Appl Environ Microbiol"},{"key":"2021033103104917200_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"7798","DOI":"10.1128\/AEM.02120-12","article-title":"Genomic and transcriptomic studies of an RDX (Hexahydro-1,3,5-Trinitro-1,3,5-Triazine)-degrading actinobacterium","volume":"78","author":"Chen","year":"2012","journal-title":"Appl Environ Microbiol"},{"issue":"2","key":"2021033103104917200_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"419","DOI":"10.1007\/s00253-010-2446-1","article-title":"Biofuel production in Escherichia coli: the role of metabolic engineering and synthetic biology","volume":"86","author":"Clomburg","year":"2010","journal-title":"Appl Microbiol Biotechnol"},{"key":"2021033103104917200_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1155\/2010\/541698","article-title":"Synthetic Biology Guides Biofuel Production","volume":"2010","author":"Connor","year":"2010","journal-title":"J Biomed Biotechnol"},{"issue":"3","key":"2021033103104917200_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"383","DOI":"10.1007\/s00253-004-1750-z","article-title":"Adaptation of Rhodococcus erythropolis DCL14 to growth on n-alkanes, alcohols and terpenes","volume":"67","author":"de Carvalho","year":"2005","journal-title":"Appl Microbiol Biotechnol"},{"issue":"3","key":"2021033103104917200_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"215","DOI":"10.1002\/jemt.20061","article-title":"Mycobacterium sp., Rhodococcus erythropolis, and Pseudomonas putida behavior in the presence of organic solvents","volume":"64","author":"de Carvalho","year":"2004","journal-title":"Microsc Res Tech"},{"issue":"1","key":"2021033103104917200_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"14","DOI":"10.1016\/j.enconman.2008.09.001","article-title":"Progress and recent trends in biodiesel fuels","volume":"50","author":"Demirbas","year":"2009","journal-title":"Energy Convers Manage"},{"issue":"5","key":"2021033103104917200_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e20265","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0020265","article-title":"De novo biosynthesis of biodiesel by Escherichia coli in optimized fed-batch cultivation","volume":"6","author":"Duan","year":"2011","journal-title":"PLoS ONE"},{"issue":"9","key":"2021033103104917200_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1703","DOI":"10.1007\/s11274-008-9664-z","article-title":"Single cell oil production by Gordonia sp. 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