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This study characterized some epidemiological, spatial, and pathological patterns of mechanical traumatic injuries in free-ranging non-human primates from anthropogenically altered areas of the Federal District. Of 696 necropsies performed, 215 cases (30.9%) involved mechanical trauma. Black-tufted marmosets (\n                    <jats:italic>Callithrix penicillata<\/jats:italic>\n                    ) were the most affected species (90.2%), followed by capuchins (\n                    <jats:italic>Sapajus libidinosus<\/jats:italic>\n                    , 6.5%) and howler monkeys (\n                    <jats:italic>Alouatta caraya<\/jats:italic>\n                    , 3.3%). Adults were more frequently affected than juveniles, with no sex-related differences. Blunt trauma accounted for the majority of cases (82.3%), most commonly as polytrauma, with cranial involvement in 65.2% of animals. Carnivore predation was the leading cause of blunt-penetrating trauma (89.4%), while gunshot injuries were rare. Bone fractures were identified in 65.1% of cases, most often involving the skull and long bones, and internal injuries were frequent in the thoracic and abdominal cavities. These findings demonstrate that mechanical trauma represents a critical threat to NHPs in urban and peri-urban areas, where exposure to human infrastructure and domestic animals is heightened. The results underscore the need for mitigation strategies to reduce mortality and support the conservation of free-ranging primate populations in human-dominated landscapes.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1007\/s10329-026-01248-1","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,9]],"date-time":"2026-03-09T08:33:26Z","timestamp":1773045206000},"page":"337-346","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Mechanical traumatic injuries as a cause of death in free-ranging neotropical non-human primates living in anthropogenic matrices"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"67","author":[{"given":"Rafaela Magalh\u00e3es","family":"Barros","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Isabel Luana","family":"de Mac\u00eado","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Davi Emanuel Ribeiro","family":"de Sousa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yasmin Nunes Godoy","family":"da Fonseca","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Liz","family":"de Albuquerque Cerqueira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Gabriela Rodrigues","family":"de Toledo Costa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Liria Queiroz Luz","family":"Hirano","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3996-0856","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"M\u00e1rcio Botelho","family":"de Castro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,9]]},"reference":[{"issue":"1","key":"1248_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/jmp.12660","volume":"53","author":"RM Barros","year":"2024","unstructured":"Barros RM, Mac\u00eado IL, Sousa DER, Hirano LQL, Paludo GR, Castro MB (2024) Traumatic chylothorax in urbanized free-ranging black-tufted marmosets (Callithrix penicillata). 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