{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,20]],"date-time":"2026-06-20T06:50:15Z","timestamp":1781938215185,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":33,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,27]],"date-time":"2026-05-27T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1779840000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,27]],"date-time":"2026-05-27T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1779840000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100009162","name":"Universidade Estadual De Londrina","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100009162","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Primates"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,7]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    Juggling, defined as the repeated and rhythmic throwing and catching of an object, is a rare and complex form of object manipulation among non-human animals. While object play has been described in several taxa, true juggling behavior, intentional, successive aerial manipulation of the same object, has only been formally documented in a few species such as otters, dolphins, corvids, and, more recently, in gibbons and macaques. In this study, we report the first known case of juggling behavior in a wild free-ranging Platyrrhini, a juvenile black-horned capuchin monkey (\n                    <jats:italic>Sapajus nigritus cucullatus<\/jats:italic>\n                    ) inhabiting an urban forest fragment in southern Brazil, with access to human foods. The event was recorded opportunistically during a behavioral study of object manipulations by capuchins. The juvenile, positioned alone on the ground in a green open area, picked up a coconut and performed a sequence of seven successive throws and recoveries, each executed with precision, rhythm, and apparent intentionality. This observation expands the known taxonomic and ecological range of juggling-like behaviors and underscores the cognitive and motor flexibility of\n                    <jats:italic>Sapajus<\/jats:italic>\n                    species. It also raises questions about the influence of urban environments on behavioral innovation in wild primates, where exotic objects are present and predation and competition may be more relaxed, freeing up time for innovations. We propose that this object manipulation represents an innovative play behavior in a juvenile capuchin, which, beyond serving as a ludic activity, may function as a means of cognitive engagement, motor practice, and possibly cultural transmission.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1007\/s10329-026-01265-0","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,27]],"date-time":"2026-05-27T13:22:10Z","timestamp":1779888130000},"page":"435-440","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Spontaneous juggling behavior in a wild urban capuchin monkey (Sapajus nigritus cucullatus)"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"67","author":[{"given":"Gabriel Leite","family":"Saraiva","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Guilherme Akira","family":"Awane","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rafaela Guglak","family":"Cavichia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Julia dos Santos","family":"Gutierres","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"David Lins Fernandes Leiroza","family":"Lovato","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lucas M.","family":"Aguiar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1819-7019","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ana Paula","family":"Vidotto-Magnoni","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,27]]},"reference":[{"key":"1265_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"516","DOI":"10.1590\/S1984-46702014000500012","volume":"31","author":"LM Aguiar","year":"2014","unstructured":"Aguiar LM, Cardoso RM, Back JP, Carneiro EC, Suzin A, Ottoni EB (2014) Tool use in urban populations of capuchin monkeys Sapajus spp. (Primates: Cebidae). Zoologia (Curitiba) 31:516\u2013519. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1590\/S1984-46702014000500012","journal-title":"Zoologia (Curitiba)"},{"key":"1265_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"200141","DOI":"10.1098\/rsos.200141","volume":"7","author":"ML Allison","year":"2020","unstructured":"Allison ML, Hall C, Thompson C, Wren BP (2020) The drivers and functions of rock juggling in otters. R Soc Open Sci 7:200141. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1098\/rsos.200141","journal-title":"R Soc Open Sci"},{"issue":"3\u20134","key":"1265_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"227","DOI":"10.1163\/156853974X00534","volume":"49","author":"J Altmann","year":"1974","unstructured":"Altmann J (1974) Observational study of behavior: sampling methods. Behaviour 49(3\u20134):227\u2013267. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1163\/156853974X00534","journal-title":"Behaviour"},{"key":"1265_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Bekoff M, Byers JA (1998) Animal play: evolutionary, comparative, and ecological perspectives. Cambridge University Press","DOI":"10.1017\/CBO9780511608575"},{"key":"1265_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e70090","DOI":"10.1002\/ajp.70090","volume":"87","author":"D Bender","year":"2025","unstructured":"Bender D, Aguiar LM (2025) Object manipulation and tool use to access water by urban robust capuchin monkeys (Sapajus sp.) in Southern Brazil. Am J Primatol 87:e70090. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/ajp.70090","journal-title":"sp) South Brazil Am J Primatol"},{"key":"1265_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"463","DOI":"10.1007\/s10329-023-01089-2","volume":"64","author":"JC Bicca\u2013Marques","year":"2023","unstructured":"Bicca\u2013Marques JC (2023) Little things, big consequences. Primates 64:463\u2013468. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10329-023-01089-2","journal-title":"Primates"},{"key":"1265_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"23566","DOI":"10.1038\/srep23566","volume":"6","author":"H Deng","year":"2016","unstructured":"Deng H, Zhou J (2016) Juggling behavior in wild Hainan gibbons. Sci Rep 6:23566. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/srep23566","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"key":"1265_CR8","volume-title":"Animal play behavior","author":"R Fagen","year":"1981","unstructured":"Fagen R (1981) Animal play behavior. Oxford University Press, New York"},{"key":"1265_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e79535","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0079535","volume":"8","author":"T Fal\u00f3tico","year":"2013","unstructured":"Fal\u00f3tico T, Ottoni EB (2013) Stone throwing as a sexual display in wild female bearded capuchin monkeys (Sapajus libidinosus). PLoS ONE 8:e79535. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0079535","journal-title":"PLoS ONE"},{"key":"1265_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"312","DOI":"10.1002\/ajpa.24740","volume":"181","author":"T Fal\u00f3tico","year":"2023","unstructured":"Fal\u00f3tico T, Ottoni EB (2023) Greater tool use diversity is associated with increased terrestriality in wild capuchin monkeys. Am J Biol Anthropol 181:312\u2013317. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/ajpa.24740","journal-title":"Am J Biol Anthropol"},{"key":"1265_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Fragaszy D, Perry S (2003) The biology of traditions: models and evidence. Cambridge University Press","DOI":"10.1017\/CBO9780511584022"},{"key":"1265_CR12","unstructured":"Fragaszy D, Visalberghi E, Fedigan L (2004) The complete capuchin: the biology of the genus Cebus. Cambridge University Press"},{"key":"1265_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"20220030","DOI":"10.1098\/rsbl.2022.0030","volume":"18","author":"I Gavriilidi","year":"2022","unstructured":"Gavriilidi I, De Meester G, Van Damme R, Baeckens S (2022) How to behave when marooned: the behavioural component of the island syndrome remains underexplored. Biol Lett 18:20220030. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1098\/rsbl.2022.0030","journal-title":"Biol Lett"},{"key":"1265_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"375","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cub.2025.03.056","volume":"35","author":"Z Goldsborough","year":"2025","unstructured":"Goldsborough Z, Crofoot MC, Jacobson OT, Corewyn L, Rosario\u2013Vargas E, Le\u00f3n J, Barrett BJ (2025) Rise and spread of a social tradition of interspecies abduction. Curr Biol 35:375\u2013376. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.cub.2025.03.056","journal-title":"Curr Biol"},{"key":"1265_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e23704","DOI":"10.1002\/ajp.23704","volume":"87","author":"JS Gutierres","year":"2025","unstructured":"Gutierres JS, Pereira FSM, Lynch JW, Magnoni APV (2025) Stone tool use by black-horned capuchin monkeys (Sapajus nigritus cucullatus) in an urban park in Londrina, Brazil. Am J Primatol 87:e23704. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/ajp.23704","journal-title":"Am J Primatol"},{"key":"1265_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Heinrich B, Smolker R (1998) Play in common ravens (Corvus corax). In: Bekoff M, Byers JA (eds) Animal play: evolutionary, comparative, and ecological perspectives. Cambridge University Press, p 27\u201344","DOI":"10.1017\/CBO9780511608575.003"},{"issue":"7\u20138","key":"1265_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"531","DOI":"10.1080\/02643294.2022.2088273","volume":"8","author":"EJ Jordan","year":"2021","unstructured":"Jordan EJ, V\u00f6lter CJ, Seed AM (2021) Do capuchin monkeys (Sapajus apella) use exploration to form intuitions about physical properties? Cogn Neuropsychol 8(7\u20138):531\u2013543. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/02643294.2022.2088273","journal-title":"Cogn Neuropsychol"},{"key":"1265_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"485","DOI":"10.1007\/s10329-017-0615-x","volume":"58","author":"M Kerney","year":"2017","unstructured":"Kerney M, Smaers JB, Schoenemann PT, Dunn JC (2017) The coevolution of play and the cortico-cerebellar system in primates. Primates 58:485\u2013491. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10329-017-0615-x","journal-title":"Primates"},{"key":"1265_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"19","DOI":"10.12966\/abc.02.02.2014","volume":"1","author":"AD Mackey","year":"2014","unstructured":"Mackey AD, Solangi M, Kuczaj SAII (2014) The development of social play in bottlenose dolphins (Tursiops truncatus). Anim Behav Cogn 1:19\u201335. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.12966\/abc.02.02.2014","journal-title":"Anim Behav Cogn"},{"key":"1265_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"MacKinnon KC, Riley EP, Garber PA, Setchell JM, Fernandez-Duque E (2014) Code of best practices for field primatology. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.13140\/2.1.2889.1847","DOI":"10.13140\/2.1.2889.1847"},{"key":"1265_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"902","DOI":"10.1302\/0301-620X.38B4.902","volume":"38\u2013B","author":"JR Napier","year":"1956","unstructured":"Napier JR (1956) The prehensile movements of the human hand. J Bone Joint Surg Br 38\u2013B:902\u2013913. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1302\/0301-620X.38B4.902","journal-title":"J Bone Joint Surg Br"},{"key":"1265_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"209","DOI":"10.4013\/nbc.2017.123.07","volume":"12","author":"CH Nina e Silva","year":"2017","unstructured":"Nina e Silva CH, Ivanoff O, Oliveira EAS (2017) Capuchin monkeys use only proto\u2013tools to crack jatob\u00e1 hard\u2013shelled fruits in an urban environment. Neotrop Biol Conserv 12:209\u2013213. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4013\/nbc.2017.123.07","journal-title":"Neotrop Biol Conserv"},{"key":"1265_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ajpa.20186","author":"RC O\u2019Malley","year":"2005","unstructured":"O\u2019Malley RC, Fedigan L (2005) Variability in food-processing behavior among white-faced capuchins (Cebus capucinus) in Santa Rosa National Park, Costa Rica. Am J Phys Anthropol. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/ajpa.20186","journal-title":"Am J Phys Anthropol"},{"key":"1265_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"171","DOI":"10.1002\/evan.20185","volume":"17","author":"EB Ottoni","year":"2008","unstructured":"Ottoni EB, Izar P (2008) Capuchin monkey tool use: overview and implications. Evol Anthropol 17:171\u2013178. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/evan.20185","journal-title":"Evol Anthropol"},{"key":"1265_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"455","DOI":"10.26451\/abc.04.04.05.201","volume":"4","author":"AN Pelletier","year":"2017","unstructured":"Pelletier AN, Patterson EM, Leavens DA, Bard KA (2017) Behaviour systems approach to object play: stone handling in long-tailed macaques. Anim Behav Cogn 4:455\u2013473. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.26451\/abc.04.04.05.201","journal-title":"Anim Behav Cogn"},{"key":"1265_CR26","unstructured":"Pellis SM, Pellis VC (2009) The playful brain: venturing to the limits of neuroscience. Oneworld Publications"},{"key":"1265_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10764-026-00541-6","author":"FSM Pereira","year":"2026","unstructured":"Pereira FSM, Gutierres JS, Fal\u00f3tico T et al (2026) Grooming in urban black-horned capuchin monkeys (Sapajus nigritus cucullatus): up or down the hierarchy? Int J Primatol. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10764-026-00541-6","journal-title":"Int J Primatol"},{"key":"1265_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Perry S, Manson JH (2008) Manipulative monkeys. Harvard University Press. http:\/\/www.jstor.org\/stable\/j.ctt13x0fnp","DOI":"10.4159\/9780674042049"},{"key":"1265_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"787","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1012069500899","volume":"22","author":"SM Reader","year":"2001","unstructured":"Reader SM, Laland KN (2001) Primate innovation: sex, age and social rank differences. Int J Primatol 22:787\u2013805. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1023\/A:1012069500899","journal-title":"Int J Primatol"},{"issue":"1","key":"1265_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"173","DOI":"10.1590\/S1413-294X2002000100018","volume":"7","author":"BD Resende","year":"2002","unstructured":"Resende BD, Ottoni EB (2002) Brincadeira e aprendizagem do uso de ferramentas em macacos-prego (Cebus apella). Estudos De Psicologia 7(1):173\u2013180. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1590\/S1413-294X2002000100018","journal-title":"Estudos De Psicologia"},{"issue":"4","key":"1265_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"208","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pecon.2018.10.002","volume":"16","author":"CL Rezende","year":"2018","unstructured":"Rezende CL, Scarano FR, Assad ED, Joly CA, Metzger JP, Strassburg BBN, Tabarelli M, Fonseca GA, Mittermeier RA (2018) From hotspot to hopespot: an opportunity for the Brazilian Atlantic forest. Perspect Ecol Conserv 16(4):208\u2013214. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.pecon.2018.10.002","journal-title":"Perspect Ecol Conserv"},{"key":"1265_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"389","DOI":"10.1007\/s10329-023-01073-w","volume":"64","author":"B Thierry","year":"2023","unstructured":"Thierry B (2023) The deductive, inductive, and comparative approaches: what drives primate studies. Primates 64:389\u2013392. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10329-023-01073-w","journal-title":"Primates"},{"key":"1265_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"563","DOI":"10.1093\/biolinnean\/bly131","volume":"127","author":"V Truppa","year":"2019","unstructured":"Truppa V, Carducci P, Sabbatini G (2019) Object grasping and manipulation in capuchin monkeys (genera Cebus and Sapajus). Biol J Linn Soc 127:563\u2013582. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/biolinnean\/bly131","journal-title":"Biol J Linn Soc"}],"container-title":["Primates"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s10329-026-01265-0.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s10329-026-01265-0","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s10329-026-01265-0.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,20]],"date-time":"2026-06-20T05:58:38Z","timestamp":1781935118000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s10329-026-01265-0"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,27]]},"references-count":33,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,7]]}},"alternative-id":["1265"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10329-026-01265-0","relation":{},"ISSN":["0032-8332","1610-7365"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0032-8332","type":"print"},{"value":"1610-7365","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,27]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2 November 2025","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"13 May 2026","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"27 May 2026","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}}]}}