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We set up a scanning paradigm to measure brain activation related to various stages of rectal filling using rectal balloon distention.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Materials and Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>Six healthy volunteers underwent rectal balloon distention during MRI scanning at a 1.5T scanner with a Tx\/Rx head coil. MR images were collected at four levels of distention: empty balloon (EB), first sensation volume (FSV), desire to defecate volume (DDV), maximum tolerable volume (MTV). Data were analyzed using BrainVoyager 20.4. Whole brain and ROI-based fixed-effects general linear model analyses were performed on the fMRI time-course data from all participants.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Rectal filling until FSV evoked the most blood-oxygen-level-dependent responses in several clusters throughout the cortex, followed by the responses evoked by rectal filling until DDV. Interestingly, rectal filling until MTV evoked negative responses compared to baseline throughout the cortex. No negative side effects were found.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Discussion<\/jats:title><jats:p>This study shows that a standardized paradigm for functional MRI combined with rectal filling is feasible and safe in healthy volunteers and is ready to be used in fecal incontinent patients to assess whether their brain activity differs from healthy controls.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1007\/s10334-022-01044-0","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,10,13]],"date-time":"2022-10-13T11:03:18Z","timestamp":1665658998000},"page":"25-32","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Sensory brain activation during rectal balloon distention: a pilot study in healthy volunteers to assess safety and feasibility at 1.5T"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"36","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6324-8068","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Roman","family":"Assmann","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Sanne","family":"Rutten","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Job","family":"van den Hurk","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Sad\u00e9 Laur\u00e8l","family":"Assmann","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Paul","family":"Janssen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Nicole","family":"Bouvy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jarno","family":"Melenhorst","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Stephanie","family":"Breukink","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,10,13]]},"reference":[{"issue":"6","key":"1044_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1445","DOI":"10.1007\/s10620-012-2071-1","volume":"57","author":"S Palit","year":"2012","unstructured":"Palit S, Lunniss PJ, Scott SM (2012) The physiology of human defecation. 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Medtronic provided Dr. Breukink with an unrestricted research grant, but the work was completely independent of this.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Conflict of interest"}},{"value":"The approval for the study was granted by the Ethical Committee of Maastricht University Medical Center (MUMC\u2009+\u2009, Maastricht, The Netherlands).","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethical approval"}},{"value":"Informed consent was obtained from all individual participants included in the study.","order":4,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Consent to participate"}},{"value":"Participants signed informed consent regarding publishing their data.","order":5,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Consent for publication"}}]}}