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Although local nonlinear gradient coils can provide stronger gradients while remaining within these limits, they often exhibit a substantial reduction in the gradient amplitude of the z-component of the magnetic field near the chest wall.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We introduced an optimization framework incorporating a constraint on the anterior\u2013posterior variation in the encoding gradient amplitude. A figure of merit combining coil efficiency and minimum wire width was defined to assess performance. A prototype was constructed to validate the design methodology.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The optimized coil achieved a 2.35-fold efficiency increase over standard linear coils. Compared to previous nonlinear designs, the new constraint reduced spatial variation by 35.7% and improved minimum efficiency near the chest wall by 2.6-fold. Experimental field maps matched simulations with errors under 8%.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Discussion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The proposed method effectively mitigates the trade-off between gradient strength and spatial uniformity along anterior\u2013posterior direction. By enhancing performance in the posterior breast region, the design addresses a critical limitation of previous local coils.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This framework enables the development of high-performance, robust local gradient coils, facilitating the clinical implementation of advanced DWI protocols for breast cancer screening.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1007\/s10334-026-01420-0","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,19]],"date-time":"2026-09-19T14:59:26Z","timestamp":1789829966000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Design of a nonlinear double-breast single-axis gradient coil with controlled anterior\u2013posterior gradient variation for diffusion-weighted imaging"],"prefix":"10.1007","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3593-2513","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Feng","family":"Jia","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gerrit C.","family":"Arends","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Philipp","family":"Amrein","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Edwin","family":"Versteeg","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dennis W. 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