{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,27]],"date-time":"2026-08-27T08:38:19Z","timestamp":1787819899055,"version":"build-2784847793"},"reference-count":31,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2016,10,7]],"date-time":"2016-10-07T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1475798400000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Eur Surg"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2016,12]]},"DOI":"10.1007\/s10353-016-0447-8","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,10,7]],"date-time":"2016-10-07T09:13:20Z","timestamp":1475831600000},"page":"352-356","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":17,"title":["Programmed death-ligand 1 expression in rectal cancer"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"48","author":[{"given":"G.","family":"Jomrich","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"G. R.","family":"Silberhumer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"B.","family":"Marian","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"A.","family":"Beer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"L.","family":"M\u00fcllauer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2016,10,7]]},"reference":[{"issue":"5","key":"447_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"E359","DOI":"10.1002\/ijc.29210","volume":"136","author":"J Ferlay","year":"2015","unstructured":"Ferlay J, Soerjomataram I, Dikshit R, Eser S, Mathers C, Rebelo M, et\u00a0al. Cancer incidence and mortality worldwide: sources, methods and major patterns in GLOBOCAN 2012. Int J Cancer. 2015;136(5):E359\u2013E386.","journal-title":"Int J Cancer"},{"issue":"17","key":"447_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1731","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa040694","volume":"351","author":"R Sauer","year":"2004","unstructured":"Sauer R, Becker H, Hohenberger W, Rodel C, Wittekind C, Fietkau R, et\u00a0al. Preoperative versus postoperative chemoradiotherapy for rectal cancer. N Engl J Med. 2004;351(17):1731\u201340.","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"447_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"200","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2407-13-200","volume":"13","author":"O Derbel","year":"2013","unstructured":"Derbel O, Wang Q, Desseigne F, Rivoire M, Meeus P, Peyrat P, et\u00a0al. Impact of KRAS, BRAF and PI3KCA mutations in rectal carcinomas treated with neoadjuvant radiochemotherapy and surgery. BMC Cancer. 2013;13:200.","journal-title":"BMC Cancer"},{"issue":"2 Pt A","key":"447_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4","DOI":"10.1016\/j.molimm.2015.02.009","volume":"67","author":"A Swaika","year":"2015","unstructured":"Swaika A, Hammond WA, Joseph RW. Current state of anti-PD-L1 and anti-PD-1 agents in cancer therapy. Mol Immunol. 2015;67(2 Pt A):4\u201317.","journal-title":"Mol Immunol"},{"issue":"3","key":"447_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"971","DOI":"10.1158\/1078-0432.CCR-08-1608","volume":"15","author":"Q Gao","year":"2009","unstructured":"Gao Q, Wang XY, Qiu SJ, Yamato I, Sho M, Nakajima Y, et al. Overexpression of PD-L1 significantly associates with tumor aggressiveness and postoperative recurrence in human hepatocellular carcinoma. Clin Cancer Res. 2009;15(3):971\u20139.","journal-title":"Clin Cancer Res"},{"issue":"21","key":"447_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2018","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1501824","volume":"372","author":"EB Garon","year":"2015","unstructured":"Garon EB, Rizvi NA, Hui R, Leighl N, Balmanoukian AS, Eder JP, et al. Pembrolizumab for the treatment of non-small-cell lung cancer. N Engl J Med. 2015;372(21):2018\u201328.","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"issue":"26","key":"447_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2443","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1200690","volume":"366","author":"SL Topalian","year":"2012","unstructured":"Topalian SL, Hodi FS, Brahmer JR, Gettinger SN, Smith DC, McDermott DF, et al. Safety, activity, and immune correlates of anti-PD-1 antibody in cancer. N Engl J Med. 2012;366(26):2443\u201354.","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"issue":"8","key":"447_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"793","DOI":"10.1038\/nm730","volume":"8","author":"H Dong","year":"2002","unstructured":"Dong H, Strome SE, Salomao DR, Tamura H, Hirano F, Flies DB, et al. Tumor-associated B7-H1 promotes T\u2011cell apoptosis: a potential mechanism of immune evasion. Nat Med. 2002;8(8):793\u2013800.","journal-title":"Nat Med"},{"issue":"7","key":"447_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1027","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.192.7.1027","volume":"192","author":"GJ Freeman","year":"2000","unstructured":"Freeman GJ, Long AJ, Iwai Y, Bourque K, Chernova T, Nishimura H, et al. Engagement of the PD-1 immunoinhibitory receptor by a novel B7 family member leads to negative regulation of lymphocyte activation. J Exp Med. 2000;192(7):1027\u201334.","journal-title":"J Exp Med"},{"issue":"4","key":"447_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"252","DOI":"10.1038\/nrc3239","volume":"12","author":"DM Pardoll","year":"2012","unstructured":"Pardoll DM. The blockade of immune checkpoints in cancer immunotherapy. Nat Rev Cancer. 2012;12(4):252\u201364.","journal-title":"Nat Rev Cancer"},{"issue":"3","key":"447_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"313","DOI":"10.1111\/bjh.12380","volume":"162","author":"AG Ramsay","year":"2013","unstructured":"Ramsay AG. Immune checkpoint blockade immunotherapy to activate anti-tumour T\u2011cell immunity. Br J Haematol. 2013;162(3):313\u201325.","journal-title":"Br J Haematol"},{"issue":"3","key":"447_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"508","DOI":"10.1158\/0008-5472.CAN-14-1215","volume":"75","author":"J Li","year":"2015","unstructured":"Li J, Jie HB, Lei Y, Gildener-Leapman N, Trivedi S, Green T, et al. PD-1\/SHP-2 inhibits Tc1\/Th1 phenotypic responses and the activation of T cells in the tumor microenvironment. Cancer Res. 2015;75(3):508\u201318.","journal-title":"Cancer Res"},{"issue":"200","key":"447_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"200ra116","DOI":"10.1126\/scitranslmed.3006504","volume":"5","author":"S Spranger","year":"2013","unstructured":"Spranger S, Spaapen RM, Zha Y, Williams J, Meng Y, Ha TT, et al. Up-regulation of PD-L1, IDO, and T(regs) in the melanoma tumor microenvironment is driven by CD8(+) T cells. Sci Transl Med. 2013;5(200):200ra116.","journal-title":"Sci Transl Med"},{"issue":"10","key":"447_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2084","DOI":"10.1002\/cncr.21470","volume":"104","author":"RH Thompson","year":"2005","unstructured":"Thompson RH, Gillett MD, Cheville JC, Lohse CM, Dong H, Webster WS, et al. Costimulatory molecule B7-H1 in primary and metastatic clear cell renal cell carcinoma. Cancer. 2005;104(10):2084\u201391.","journal-title":"Cancer"},{"issue":"1","key":"447_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"107","DOI":"10.1038\/labinvest.2013.130","volume":"94","author":"V Velcheti","year":"2014","unstructured":"Velcheti V, Schalper KA, Carvajal DE, Anagnostou VK, Syrigos KN, Sznol M, et al. Programmed death ligand-1 expression in non-small cell lung cancer. Lab Invest. 2014;94(1):107\u201316.","journal-title":"Lab Invest"},{"issue":"8","key":"447_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2947","DOI":"10.1158\/1078-0432.CCR-04-1469","volume":"11","author":"Y Ohigashi","year":"2005","unstructured":"Ohigashi Y, Sho M, Yamada Y, Tsurui Y, Hamada K, Ikeda N, et al. Clinical significance of programmed death-1 ligand-1 and programmed death-1 ligand-2 expression in human esophageal cancer. Clin Cancer Res. 2005;11(8):2947\u201353.","journal-title":"Clin Cancer Res"},{"issue":"21","key":"447_CR17","first-page":"7462","volume":"63","author":"S Wintterle","year":"2003","unstructured":"Wintterle S, Schreiner B, Mitsdoerffer M, Schneider D, Chen L, Meyermann R, et al. Expression of the B7-related molecule B7-H1 by glioma cells: a potential mechanism of immune paralysis. Cancer Res. 2003;63(21):7462\u20137.","journal-title":"Cancer Res"},{"issue":"127","key":"447_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"127ra37","DOI":"10.1126\/scitranslmed.3003689","volume":"4","author":"JM Taube","year":"2012","unstructured":"Taube JM, Anders RA, Young GD, Xu H, Sharma R, McMiller TL, et al. Colocalization of inflammatory response with B7-h1 expression in human melanocytic lesions supports an adaptive resistance mechanism of immune escape. Sci Transl Med. 2012;4(127):127ra37.","journal-title":"Sci Transl Med"},{"issue":"19","key":"447_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3167","DOI":"10.1200\/JCO.2009.26.7609","volume":"28","author":"JR Brahmer","year":"2010","unstructured":"Brahmer JR, Drake CG, Wollner I, Powderly JD, Picus J, Sharfman WH, et al. Phase I study of single-agent anti-programmed death-1 (MDX-1106) in refractory solid tumors: safety, clinical activity, pharmacodynamics, and immunologic correlates. J Clin Oncol. 2010;28(19):3167\u201375.","journal-title":"J Clin Oncol"},{"issue":"26","key":"447_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2455","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1200694","volume":"366","author":"JR Brahmer","year":"2012","unstructured":"Brahmer JR, Tykodi SS, Chow LQ, Hwu WJ, Topalian SL, Hwu P, et al. Safety and activity of anti-PD-L1 antibody in patients with advanced cancer. N Engl J Med. 2012;366(26):2455\u201365.","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"447_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejca.2015.09.019","volume":"52","author":"SH Lim","year":"2016","unstructured":"Lim SH, Hong M, Ahn S, Choi YL, Kim KM, Oh D, et al. Changes in tumour expression of programmed death-ligand 1 after neoadjuvant concurrent chemoradiotherapy in patients with squamous oesophageal cancer. Eur J Cancer. 2016;52:1\u20139.","journal-title":"Eur J Cancer"},{"key":"447_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"20090","DOI":"10.1038\/srep20090","volume":"6","author":"J Sheng","year":"2016","unstructured":"Sheng J, Fang W, Yu J, Chen N, Zhan J, Ma Y, et al. Expression of programmed death ligand-1 on tumor cells varies pre and post chemotherapy in non-small cell lung cancer. Sci Rep. 2016;6:20090.","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"issue":"4","key":"447_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"326","DOI":"10.1158\/2326-6066.CIR-14-0133","volume":"3","author":"H Wimberly","year":"2015","unstructured":"Wimberly H, Brown JR, Schalper K, Haack H, Silver MR, Nixon C, et al. PD-L1 expression correlates with tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes and response to neoadjuvant chemotherapy in breast cancer. Cancer Immunol Res. 2015;3(4):326\u201332.","journal-title":"Cancer Immunol Res"},{"key":"447_CR24","volume-title":"International Union Against Cancer (UICC) TNM classification of malignant tumors","author":"LH Sobin","year":"2009","unstructured":"Sobin LH, Wittekind C. International Union Against Cancer (UICC) TNM classification of malignant tumors, 7th ed. 2009.","edition":"7"},{"issue":"1","key":"447_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"19","DOI":"10.1007\/s003840050072","volume":"12","author":"O Dworak","year":"1997","unstructured":"Dworak O, Keilholz L, Hoffmann A. Pathological features of rectal cancer after preoperative radiochemotherapy. Int J Colorectal Dis. 1997;12(1):19\u201323.","journal-title":"Int J Colorectal Dis"},{"issue":"2","key":"447_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"582","DOI":"10.3748\/wjg.v22.i2.582","volume":"22","author":"A Gulbake","year":"2016","unstructured":"Gulbake A, Jain A, Jain A, Jain A, Jain SK. Insight to drug delivery aspects for colorectal cancer. World J Gastroenterol. 2016;22(2):582\u201399.","journal-title":"World J Gastroenterol"},{"issue":"2","key":"447_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"63","DOI":"10.14740\/jocmr2424w","volume":"8","author":"A Vennepureddy","year":"2016","unstructured":"Vennepureddy A, Thumallapally N, Motilal Nehru V, Atallah JP, Terjanian T. Novel drugs and combination therapies for the treatment of metastatic melanoma. J\u00a0Clin Med Res. 2016;8(2):63\u201375.","journal-title":"J Clin Med Res"},{"issue":"2","key":"447_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"174","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jtho.2015.10.002","volume":"11","author":"C Zhou","year":"2016","unstructured":"Zhou C, Yao LD. Strategies to improve outcomes of patients with EGRF-mutant non-small cell lung cancer: review of the literature. J Thorac Oncol. 2016;11(2):174\u201386.","journal-title":"J Thorac Oncol"},{"issue":"9","key":"447_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2233","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejca.2013.02.015","volume":"49","author":"RA Droeser","year":"2013","unstructured":"Droeser RA, Hirt C, Viehl CT, Frey DM, Nebiker C, Huber X, et\u00a0al. Clinical impact of programmed cell death ligand 1 expression in colorectal cancer. Eur J Cancer. 2013;49(9):2233\u201342.","journal-title":"Eur J Cancer"},{"issue":"1","key":"447_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"16","DOI":"10.1158\/2159-8290.CD-14-1397","volume":"5","author":"Y Xiao","year":"2015","unstructured":"Xiao Y, Freeman GJ. The microsatellite instable subset of colorectal cancer is a particularly good candidate for checkpoint blockade immunotherapy. Cancer Discov. 2015;5(1):16\u20138.","journal-title":"Cancer Discov"},{"issue":"10","key":"447_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1521","DOI":"10.1007\/s11605-010-1340-6","volume":"14","author":"B Devaraj","year":"2010","unstructured":"Devaraj B, Lee A, Cabrera BL, Miyai K, Luo L, Ramamoorthy S, et\u00a0al. Relationship of EMAST and microsatellite instability among patients with rectal cancer. J\u00a0Gastrointest Surg. 2010;14(10):1521\u20138.","journal-title":"J Gastrointest Surg"}],"container-title":["European Surgery"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s10353-016-0447-8.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s10353-016-0447-8\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s10353-016-0447-8.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2019,9,14]],"date-time":"2019-09-14T10:26:20Z","timestamp":1568456780000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s10353-016-0447-8"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2016,10,7]]},"references-count":31,"journal-issue":{"issue":"6","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2016,12]]}},"alternative-id":["447"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10353-016-0447-8","relation":{},"ISSN":["1682-8631","1682-4016"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1682-8631","type":"print"},{"value":"1682-4016","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2016,10,7]]}}}