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In a\u00a0retrospective observational study, we analyzed 168 CMML patients regarding treatment options and survival during the past three decades. The proportion of patients treated with hydroxyurea (HU), intensive chemotherapy, and azacitidine (AZA) was 65\/19\/0% before 2000, 51\/25\/32% from 2000\u20132010, and 36\/12\/53% after 2010, respectively. Median overall survival (OS) increased from 10\u00a0months before 2000 to 23\u00a0months thereafter (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u202f=\u20090.021). AZA-treated patients but not patients treated with other treatment options had improved survival as compared to CMML patients without AZA therapy (19\u00a0vs. 25\u00a0months, <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u202f=\u20090.041). When looking at subgroups, the following patient cohorts had a\u00a0significant survival benefit in association with AZA therapy: patients with Hb\u202f&gt;\u200910\u202fg\/dL, patients with monocytosis\u202f&gt;\u200910\u202fG\/L, and patients with mutations in RASopathy genes.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1007\/s10354-022-00976-5","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,10,25]],"date-time":"2022-10-25T07:03:09Z","timestamp":1666681389000},"page":"34-40","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Treatment options and survival in real life during the past three decades in patients with chronic myelomonocytic leukemia","Behandlungsoptionen und \u00dcberleben in der Lebensrealit\u00e4t w\u00e4hrend der letzten 3\u00a0Jahrzehnte bei Patienten mit chronischer myelomonozyt\u00e4rer Leuk\u00e4mie"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"173","author":[{"given":"Julia","family":"Reiser","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1921-7034","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Klaus","family":"Geissler","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,10,25]]},"reference":[{"issue":"2","key":"976_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"189","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2141.1982.tb08475.x","volume":"51","author":"JM Bennett","year":"1982","unstructured":"Bennett\u00a0JM, Catovsky\u00a0D, Daniel\u00a0MT, et\u00a0al. 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