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A\u00a0rare but severe complication is cerebral vasculitis with ischemic infarcts. The available literature is sparse and mainly restricted to case reports, further challenging an accurate and timely diagnosis.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We provide a\u00a0detailed retrospective analysis of five cases of fulminant infectious vasculitis accompanied by ischemic strokes treated at the neurological intensive care unit (ICU) of the Department of Neurology, Medical University of Graz, Austria, from 2017 to 2023 to determine risk factors and possible treatment options.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      We report one case each of CNS vasculitis associated with an infection with\n                      <jats:italic>Streptococcus pneumoniae<\/jats:italic>\n                      , varicella zoster virus (VZV), human herpesvirus\u00a06 (HHV-6),\n                      <jats:italic>Borrelia burgdorferi<\/jats:italic>\n                      , and\n                      <jats:italic>Cryptococcus neoformans<\/jats:italic>\n                      , each resulting in devastating disseminated ischemic infarcts. The described patients were between 49 and 73\u00a0years old, with a\u00a0male to female ratio of 3:2. The final diagnosis was unfortunately delayed in all cases, ranging from 6\u201360\u00a0days after symptom onset. The outcome was fatal in four of the cases.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Infectious cerebral vasculitis can occur irrespective of the causative agent\u2019s nature. Known typical risk factors are an immunocompromised state of the patient; delayed diagnosis and treatment; and the presence of age-related vascular changes, although this complication can also occur completely unexpectedly. Infarcts may even occur in the weeks following the infection. In case of an infection with\n                      <jats:italic>Streptococcus pneumoniae<\/jats:italic>\n                      , also the possibility of antibiotic resistance must increasingly be kept in mind. To our knowledge, we are the first to report fatal HHV\u20116 encephalitis and vasculitis in a\u00a0previously healthy 49-year-old male treated with oral steroids for alopecia areata without any history of solid organ or stem cell transplantation.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1007\/s10354-025-01116-5","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,21]],"date-time":"2025-11-21T09:56:15Z","timestamp":1763718975000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Cerebral vasculitis as a\u00a0severe complication of acute infectious meningoencephalitis\u2014a\u00a0case series of five different pathogens","Zerebrale Vaskulitis als schwere Komplikation einer akuten infekti\u00f6sen Meningoenzephalitis \u2013 Fallserie mit 5\u00a0verschiedenen Pathogenen"],"prefix":"10.1007","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3925-6455","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sonja","family":"Hochmeister","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Michaela Tanja","family":"Haindl","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Alexander","family":"Pichler","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Julia","family":"Pointinger","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Kujtim","family":"Bytyqi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Stefan L.","family":"Leber","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Juan-Jose","family":"Archelos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,21]]},"reference":[{"issue":"4","key":"1116_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"567","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mpmed.2009.08.010","volume":"37","author":"KA Ramakrishnan","year":"2009","unstructured":"Ramakrishnan\u00a0KA, Levin\u00a0M, Faust\u00a0SN. 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