{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,16]],"date-time":"2026-09-16T22:56:33Z","timestamp":1789599393522,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":19,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,20]],"date-time":"2025-11-20T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1763596800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/deed.de"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,20]],"date-time":"2025-11-20T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1763596800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/deed.de"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100005788","name":"Medical University of Vienna","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100005788","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Wien Med Wochenschr"],"abstract":"<jats:title>Summary<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Purpose<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The aim of this systematic review was to focus on the effect of balneotherapy on back pain.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The review was conducted following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis (PRISMA) guidelines. Peer-reviewed randomized (RCTs) or quasi-randomized (CTs) controlled trials including balneotherapy as an intervention for back pain were included. The PubMed database was screened for trials published from January 2019 to April 2025. The effects on the parameters pain and health-related quality of life (HRQOL) were summarized.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>In total, 235 relevant studies were identified. Seven articles fulfilled the inclusion criteria. The PEDro scale ranged from 3\u00a0to 9\u00a0points, showing that the articles were of poor to excellent methodological quality. The included studies were heterogeneous, both in terms of treatment protocols and outcome parameters. Therefore, pooling of data for meta-analysis was not possible, and we were limited to a discussion of the included studies. In two RCTs and one CT, the effects of healing waters (including peat suspensions etc.) on back pain were examined. Furthermore, one CT investigating a\u00a0combination of peloids (local compresses) and healing water was identified. In one RCT, hydrotherapy (full bath of tap water) plus peloid (sepiolite clay) was examined. One RCT as well as one CT focused on peloid therapy (heat packs). In summary, the results of the included studies indicate that balneotherapy may alleviate pain and improve HRQOL.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>According to current scientific data, balneotherapy seems to be clinically relevant for treating back pain within state-of-the-art diagnostic and treatment concepts.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1007\/s10354-025-01118-3","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,20]],"date-time":"2025-11-20T09:19:52Z","timestamp":1763630392000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Relevance of balneotherapy for back pain\u2014a\u00a0systematic literature review covering the past 5\u00a0years","Relevanz der Balneotherapie bei R\u00fcckenschmerzen\u00a0\u2013 eine systematische Literatur\u00fcbersicht \u00fcber die neuere Literatur"],"prefix":"10.1007","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9177-0101","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Richard","family":"Crevenna","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Julian","family":"Scheifinger","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mohammad","family":"Keilani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,20]]},"reference":[{"issue":"1-2","key":"1118_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1007\/s10354-024-01067-3","volume":"175","author":"R Crevenna","year":"2025","unstructured":"Crevenna\u00a0R. Physical medicine as a\u00a0relevant player in musculoskeletal medicine. Wien Med Wochenschr. 2025;175(1-2):1\u20132. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10354-024-01067-3.","journal-title":"Wien Med Wochenschr"},{"key":"1118_CR2","volume-title":"Physikalische Medizin und Rehabilitation: Ein Kurzlehrbuch","author":"R Crevenna","year":"2018","unstructured":"Crevenna\u00a0R. Physikalische Medizin und Rehabilitation: Ein Kurzlehrbuch. 1st\u00a0ed. facultas; 2018.","edition":"1"},{"issue":"2","key":"1118_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"186","DOI":"10.23736\/S1973-9087.18.05147-X","volume":"54","author":"European Physical and Rehabilitation Medicine Bodies Alliance","year":"2018","unstructured":"European Physical and Rehabilitation Medicine Bodies Alliance. White Book on Physical and Rehabilitation Medicine (PRM) in Europe. Chapter\u00a04. History of the specialty: where PRM comes from. Eur J Phys Rehabil Med. 2018;54(2):186\u201397. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.23736\/S1973-9087.18.05147-X.","journal-title":"Eur J Phys Rehabil Med"},{"issue":"1","key":"1118_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"330","DOI":"10.1186\/s12891-025-08514-1","volume":"26","author":"E Kasbohm","year":"2025","unstructured":"Kasbohm\u00a0E, Chenot\u00a0JF, Schmidt\u00a0CO, et\u00a0al. Frequency, combinations and clinical relevance of outpatient low back pain diagnoses: analysis of claims data in a\u00a0population-based cohort study. BMC Musculoskelet Disord. 2025;26(1):330. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12891-025-08514-1.","journal-title":"BMC Musculoskelet Disord"},{"issue":"10","key":"1118_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1597","DOI":"10.1007\/s00484-021-02133-w","volume":"65","author":"M Antonelli","year":"2021","unstructured":"Antonelli\u00a0M, Donelli\u00a0D, Veronesi\u00a0L, et\u00a0al. Clinical efficacy of medical hydrology: an umbrella review. Int J Biometeorol. 2021;65(10):1597\u2013614. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00484-021-02133-w.","journal-title":"Int J Biometeorol"},{"issue":"37","key":"1118_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e17092","DOI":"10.1097\/MD.0000000000017092","volume":"98","author":"R Bai","year":"2019","unstructured":"Bai\u00a0R, Li\u00a0C, Xiao\u00a0Y, Sharma\u00a0M, et\u00a0al. Effectiveness of spa therapy for patients with chronic low back pain: an updated systematic review and meta-analysis. Medicine. 2019;98(37):e17092. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/MD.0000000000017092.","journal-title":"Medicine"},{"key":"1118_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3925","DOI":"10.2147\/JPR.S438744","volume":"16","author":"S Mao","year":"2023","unstructured":"Mao\u00a0S, Xiao\u00a0K, Zhou\u00a0W, Xu\u00a0H, et\u00a0al. The impact of hot spring hydrotherapy on pain perception and dysfunction severity in patients with chronic low back pain: a\u00a0systematic review and meta-analysis. J\u00a0Pain Res. 2023;16:3925\u201344. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2147\/JPR.S438744.","journal-title":"J Pain Res"},{"issue":"1","key":"1118_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"13","DOI":"10.1007\/s00484-021-02188-9","volume":"66","author":"R Forestier","year":"2022","unstructured":"Forestier\u00a0R, Fioravanti\u00a0A, Bender\u00a0T, et\u00a0al. Crenobalneotherapy for low back pain: systematic review of clinical trials. Int J Biometeorol. 2022;66(1):13\u201323. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00484-021-02188-9.","journal-title":"Int J Biometeorol"},{"key":"1118_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"n71","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.n71","volume":"372","author":"MJ Page","year":"2021","unstructured":"Page\u00a0MJ, McKenzie\u00a0JE, Bossuyt\u00a0PM, Boutron\u00a0I, Hoffmann\u00a0TC, Mulrow\u00a0CD, Shamseer\u00a0L, Tetzlaff\u00a0JM, Akl\u00a0EA, Brennan\u00a0SE, Chou\u00a0R, Glanville\u00a0J, Grimshaw\u00a0JM, Hr\u00f3bjartsson\u00a0A, Lalu\u00a0MM, Li\u00a0T, Loder\u00a0EW, Mayo-Wilson\u00a0E, McDonald\u00a0S, McGuinness\u00a0LA, Stewart\u00a0LA, Thomas\u00a0J, Tricco\u00a0AC, Welch\u00a0VA, Whiting\u00a0P, Moher\u00a0D. The PRISMA 2020 statement: an updated guideline for reporting systematic reviews. BMJ. 2021;372:n71. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/bmj.n71.","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"issue":"1","key":"1118_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"129","DOI":"10.1016\/j.apmr.2017.08.485","volume":"99","author":"GZ Gonzalez","year":"2018","unstructured":"Gonzalez\u00a0GZ, Moseley\u00a0AM, Maher\u00a0CG, Nascimento\u00a0DP, Costa\u00a0LDCM, Costa\u00a0LO. Methodologic quality and statistical reporting of physical therapy randomized controlled trials relevant to musculoskeletal conditions. Arch Phys Med Rehabil. 2018;99(1):129\u201336. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.apmr.2017.08.485.","journal-title":"Arch Phys Med Rehabil"},{"issue":"2","key":"1118_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"129","DOI":"10.1016\/s0004-9514(09)70043-1","volume":"55","author":"NA de Morton","year":"2009","unstructured":"de Morton\u00a0NA. The PEDro scale is a\u00a0valid measure of the methodological quality of clinical trials: a\u00a0demographic study. Aust J Physiother. 2009;55(2):129\u201333. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/s0004-9514(09)70043-1.","journal-title":"Aust J Physiother"},{"issue":"6","key":"1118_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"387","DOI":"10.1136\/emermed-2020-209567","volume":"37","author":"M Amir-Behghadami","year":"2020","unstructured":"Amir-Behghadami\u00a0M, Janati\u00a0A. Population, intervention, comparison, outcomes and study (PICOS) design as a\u00a0framework to formulate eligibility criteria in systematic reviews. Emerg Med\u00a0J. 2020;37(6):387. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/emermed-2020-209567.","journal-title":"Emerg Med J"},{"key":"1118_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"102550","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ctim.2020.102550","volume":"54","author":"E Dilek\u00e7i","year":"2020","unstructured":"Dilek\u00e7i\u00a0E, \u00d6zkuk\u00a0K, Kaki\u00a0B. The short-term effects of balneotherapy on pain, disability and fatigue in patients with chronic low back pain treated with physical therapy: a\u00a0randomized controlled trial. Complement Ther Med. 2020;54:102550. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ctim.2020.102550.","journal-title":"Complement Ther Med"},{"issue":"1","key":"1118_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"221","DOI":"10.1186\/s12891-019-2582-4","volume":"20","author":"D Huber","year":"2019","unstructured":"Huber\u00a0D, Grafetst\u00e4tter\u00a0C, Pro\u00dfegger\u00a0J, Pichler\u00a0C, W\u00f6ll\u00a0E, Fischer\u00a0M, D\u00fcrl\u00a0M, Geiersperger\u00a0K, H\u00f6cketstaller\u00a0M, Frischhut\u00a0S, Ritter\u00a0M, Hartl\u00a0A. Green exercise and mg-ca-SO4 thermal balneotherapy for the treatment of non-specific chronic low back pain: a\u00a0randomized controlled clinical trial. BMC Musculoskelet Disord. 2019;20(1):221. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12891-019-2582-4.","journal-title":"BMC Musculoskelet Disord"},{"issue":"3","key":"1118_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"527","DOI":"10.1007\/s00484-023-02433-3","volume":"67","author":"IK Tefner","year":"2023","unstructured":"Tefner\u00a0IK, Bender\u00a0T, Kleiber\u00a0J, Hodosi\u00a0K, G\u00e1ti\u00a0T. The effects of immersion in 42\u2103 radon, natrium, calcium, bicarbonate content thermal-mineral water on chronic low back pain. Controlled, follow-up study. Int J Biometeorol. 2023;67(3):527\u201337. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00484-023-02433-3.","journal-title":"Int J Biometeorol"},{"issue":"1","key":"1118_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"14663","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-022-18046-6","volume":"12","author":"J Zwoli\u0144ska","year":"2022","unstructured":"Zwoli\u0144ska\u00a0J, G\u0105sior\u00a0M. Effects of complex spa therapy in patients with osteoarthritis of the spine receiving treatments in health resorts in south-eastern Poland. Sci Rep. 2022;12(1):14663. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41598-022-18046-6.","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"issue":"8","key":"1118_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1367","DOI":"10.1007\/s00484-021-02109-w","volume":"65","author":"H Y\u00fccesoy","year":"2021","unstructured":"Y\u00fccesoy\u00a0H, D\u00f6nmez\u00a0A, Atmaca-Ayd\u0131n\u00a0E, et\u00a0al. Effects of balneological outpatient treatment on clinical parameters and serum cytokine levels in patients with chronic low back pain: a\u00a0single-blind randomized controlled trial. Int J Biometeorol. 2021;65(8):1367\u201376. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00484-021-02109-w.","journal-title":"Int J Biometeorol"},{"issue":"11","key":"1118_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1799","DOI":"10.1007\/s00484-021-02137-6","volume":"65","author":"F Karaarslan","year":"2021","unstructured":"Karaarslan\u00a0F, Y\u0131lmaz\u00a0H, Akkurt\u00a0HE, et\u00a0al. Effectiveness of peloid therapy in patients with chronic low back pain: a\u00a0single-blind controlled study. Int J Biometeorol. 2021;65(11):1799\u2013809. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00484-021-02137-6.","journal-title":"Int J Biometeorol"},{"key":"1118_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"7547452","DOI":"10.1155\/2020\/7547452","volume":"2020","author":"SC Hahm","year":"2020","unstructured":"Hahm\u00a0SC, Shin\u00a0HJ, Lee\u00a0MG, et\u00a0al. Mud therapy combined with core exercise for chronic nonspecific low back pain: a\u00a0pilot, single-blind, randomized controlled trial. Evid Based Complement Alternat Med. 2020;2020:7547452. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1155\/2020\/7547452.","journal-title":"Evid Based Complement Alternat Med"}],"container-title":["Wiener Medizinische Wochenschrift"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s10354-025-01118-3.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s10354-025-01118-3\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s10354-025-01118-3.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,20]],"date-time":"2025-11-20T09:19:54Z","timestamp":1763630394000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s10354-025-01118-3"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,20]]},"references-count":19,"alternative-id":["1118"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10354-025-01118-3","relation":{},"ISSN":["0043-5341","1563-258X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0043-5341","type":"print"},{"value":"1563-258X","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,20]]},"assertion":[{"value":"25 June 2025","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"23 October 2025","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"20 November 2025","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"R.\u00a0Crevenna, J.\u00a0Scheifinger, and M.\u00a0Keilani declare that they have no competing interests. All authors have read and agreed to the published version of the manuscript.","order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Conflict of interest"}}]}}