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Through the hypothalamic\u2013pituitary\u2013thyroid (HPT) axis, thyroid hormones regulate lipid, glucose, and protein metabolism, while the liver plays a\u00a0pivotal role in thyroid hormone metabolism, transport, and conversion. Disturbances of the thyroid\u2013liver metabolic axis can have significant clinical consequences. Examples include the association between hypothyroidism and metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD), as well as the development of non-thyroidal illness syndrome (NTIS) in patients with chronic liver disease. In addition, autoimmune thyroid and liver diseases may coexist due to shared immunological mechanisms. Recent advances, including the approval of resmetirom by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) in 2024 and its subsequent approval by the European Medicines Agency (EMA) in 2025, highlight the therapeutic potential of thyromimetics for treatment of metabolic-associated steatohepatitis (MASH) and support further exploration of thyroid hormone signaling as a\u00a0therapeutic target in liver disease. Additionally, emerging research explores the utility of thyroid biomarkers as prognostic tools, offering new prospects to enhance screening and optimize treatment strategies. This review synthesizes insights from over 40\u00a0research articles, focusing on the molecular mechanisms underpinning the thyroid\u2013liver axis and evaluating its clinical and therapeutic implications. These findings underscore the vital role of thyroid hormones in liver health and suggest innovative approaches for managing thyroid-related liver disorders.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1007\/s10354-026-01180-5","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,14]],"date-time":"2026-09-14T06:47:47Z","timestamp":1789368467000},"page":"352-361","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Endocrine meets hepatic: the thyroid\u2013liver axis in health and disease\u2014an overview","Die Schilddr\u00fcsen-Leber-Achse in Gesundheit und Krankheit \u2013 eine \u00dcbersicht"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"176","author":[{"given":"Hagar","family":"Abdelsamad","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Peter","family":"Mikosch","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,14]]},"reference":[{"issue":"3","key":"1180_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"344","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1440-1746.1995.tb01106.x","volume":"10","author":"MJ Huang","year":"1995","unstructured":"Huang\u00a0MJ, Liaw\u00a0YF. 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