{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,6]],"date-time":"2026-10-06T04:44:59Z","timestamp":1791261899851,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":15,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,1]],"date-time":"2025-03-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1740787200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,17]],"date-time":"2025-03-17T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1742169600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":16,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"funder":[{"name":"JSPS KAKENHI","award":["JP20K0978"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["JP20K0978"]}]},{"name":"JSPS KAKENHI","award":["JP20K0978"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["JP20K0978"]}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100007786","name":"National Center for Child Health and Development","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["30-2330-23"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["30-2330-23"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100007786","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100007786","name":"National Center for Child Health and Development","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["2021B-6"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2021B-6"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100007786","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"name":"Japanese Association for Strabismus and Amblyopia"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Jpn J Ophthalmol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Purpose<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To investigate changes in strabismus angles in children and young adult patients with recent onset of constant acquired comitant esotropia (ACE) following instructions on hand-held digital devices (DD).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Study design<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Prospective multicenter non-randomized interventional study.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This study included subjects aged 5\u201335 years who developed ACE within 1 year. Subjects were divided into two groups: (i) subjects who used DD for an average of \u2265120 minutes\/day for junior high-school students and older and \u226560 minutes\/day for primary-school students and younger (DD+); and (ii) subjects who used DD for less than that (DD-) based on the questionnaire at the study\u2019s start. During the initial visit, glasses were prescribed when necessary; verbal instructions on DD use including time reduction and viewing-distance elongation were provided. For each group, strabismus angles at the initial visit and at 3 months were compared. Cure was defined as esophoria within 8 prism diopters without symptoms.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>In total, 181 cases were investigated. At baseline, strabismus angles in DD+ and DD- groups were 23\u00b114 PD and 25\u00b115 PD at near and 25\u00b113 PD and 27\u00b114 PD at distance, respectively. At 3 months, they were 22\u00b116 PD and 25\u00b115 PD at near and 23\u00b114 PD and 27\u00b113 PD at distance, respectively. Only in the DD+ group, reduction in strabismus angle was observed, but this was not clinically significant. Ten and 1 subjects in DD+ and DD- groups were cured.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Although changes in strabismus angles were not large enough, DD use instructions were beneficial for some ACE subjects.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1007\/s10384-025-01171-w","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,17]],"date-time":"2025-03-17T02:37:08Z","timestamp":1742179028000},"page":"166-173","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"title":["Impact of prolonged digital device use on acquired comitant esotropia: ACE-DD study 2"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"69","author":[{"given":"Hirohito","family":"Iimori","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Noriko","family":"Nishikawa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sachiko","family":"Nishina","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tomoyo","family":"Yoshida","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Takafumi","family":"Mori","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Osamu","family":"Hieda","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Akiko","family":"Hikoya","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Miwa","family":"Komori","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shion","family":"Hayashi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Takashi","family":"Negishi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Toshiaki","family":"Goseki","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yoshiko","family":"Sugiyama","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Akiko","family":"Kimura","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Takeshi","family":"Morimoto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yukiko","family":"Shimizu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tamami","family":"Shimizu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yoshimi","family":"Yokoyama","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hiroko","family":"Suzuki","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sadao","family":"Suzuki","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Noriyuki","family":"Azuma","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0389-6274","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Miho","family":"Sato","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,17]]},"reference":[{"key":"1171_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"37","DOI":"10.1186\/s12886-016-0213-5","volume":"16","author":"HS Lee","year":"2016","unstructured":"Lee HS, Park SW, Heo H. 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Iimori, None; N. Nishikawa, None; S. Nishina, None; T. Yoshida, None; T. Mori, Grants or contracts (Alcon); O. Hieda, None; A. Hikoya, None; M. Komori, None; S. Hayashi, None; T. Negishi, None; T. Goseki, None; Y. Sugiyama, None; A. Kimura, None; T. Morimoto, None; Y. Shimizu, None; T. Shimizu, None; Y. Yokoyama, None; H. Suzuki, None; S. Suzuki, None; N. Azuma, None; M. Sato, None.","order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Conflicts of interest"}}]}}