{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,30]],"date-time":"2025-05-30T05:40:04Z","timestamp":1748583604629,"version":"3.41.0"},"reference-count":18,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,26]],"date-time":"2025-04-26T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1745625600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,26]],"date-time":"2025-04-26T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1745625600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Jpn J Ophthalmol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,5]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>Purpose<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>The aim of the study was to evaluate conjunctival flora and antibiotic susceptibility in infants aged 1 year or younger with congenital nasolacrimal duct obstruction (CNLDO), creating an overall profile of antimicrobial susceptibility.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>Study design<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>Retrospective.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>The analysis was conducted at the Kazakh Eye Research Institute over a period of 6 years, from January 2017 to December 2022. Cultures were grown on various agars for bacterial and fungal analyses, with sensitivity testing via Vitek 2 Compact.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>We examined 1210 conjunctival cultures from infants with CNLDO, yielding 1212 isolates. Most were gram-positive bacteria (77.15%), with fewer gram-negative bacteria (22.28%) and fungi (0.57%). Among the gram-positive bacteria, <jats:italic>Staphylococcus<\/jats:italic> species (61.06%) were predominant, including <jats:italic>S epidermidis<\/jats:italic> (17.49%), <jats:italic>S aureus<\/jats:italic> (10.73%), and <jats:italic>S saprophyticus<\/jats:italic> (9.32%). <jats:italic>Enterococcus<\/jats:italic> species (6.52%) and <jats:italic>Streptococcus<\/jats:italic> species (6.02%) followed. Among the gram-negative bacteria, <jats:italic>Escherichia coli<\/jats:italic> (5.78%) was most prevalent, followed by <jats:italic>Pseudomonas<\/jats:italic> species. (4.54%), <jats:italic>Enterobacter cloacae<\/jats:italic> (3.71%), and <jats:italic>Klebsiella<\/jats:italic> species (3.63%). The majority of the fungi were <jats:italic>Candida albicans<\/jats:italic>, accounting for 4 isolates (0.33%). Most of the bacteria showed high sensitivity to moxifloxacin (92.52%), levofloxacin (88.99%), gentamicin (86.74%), vancomycin (86.52%), cefotaxime (85.27%), and ofloxacin (85.62%). High resistance was noted for erythromycin (32.84%), clindamycin (28.13%), and tetracycline (21.65%).<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>In this study, we identified <jats:italic>Staphylococcus<\/jats:italic>, <jats:italic>Enterococcus<\/jats:italic>, and <jats:italic>Streptococcus<\/jats:italic> species and <jats:italic>E coli<\/jats:italic> as key CNLDO bacteria and highly responsive to antibiotics like levofloxacin and moxifloxacin. These findings guide effective antibiotic choices for CNLDO treatment, aiding in the prevention of antibiotic resistance.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1007\/s10384-025-01197-0","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,26]],"date-time":"2025-04-26T05:16:54Z","timestamp":1745644614000},"page":"442-446","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Bacteriologic profile and antimicrobial resistance in infants aged 1 year or younger with congenital nasolacrimal duct obstruction"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"69","author":[{"given":"Zhansaya","family":"Sultanbayeva","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Botagoz","family":"Issergepova","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Aida","family":"Kapanova","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Kairat","family":"Ruslanuly","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,26]]},"reference":[{"issue":"Pt 5","key":"1197_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"596","DOI":"10.1038\/eye.1991.103","volume":"5","author":"CJ MacEwen","year":"1991","unstructured":"MacEwen CJ, Young JD. 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Sultanbayeva, None; B. Issergepova, None; A. Kapanova, None; K. Ruslanuly, None.","order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Conflicts of interest"}}]}}