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Because of the need for high precision in vitreoretinal surgery, general surgery robots are not applicable; therefore, a variety of robots specifically designed for vitreoretinal surgery have been developed around the world. These robotic systems can be broadly categorized into operation systems, operation assistance systems, and observation systems. The purpose of the operation robots is mainly internal limiting membrane peeling and retinal vascular cannulation. The PRECEYES Surgical System was already approved in the European Union in 2019 on the basis of positive clinical results. The aim of operation assistance robots, such as iARMs, is to suppress tremors. Meanwhile, we have developed an observation robot, an intraocular endoscope-holding robot (OQrimo), which was approved as a medical device in Japan in 2023. This robot allows surgeons to perform intraocular manipulations using both hands during vitreoretinal surgery for proliferative diabetic retinopathy and other intractable retinal diseases and may also make it easier to manipulate the anterior tissues around the ciliary body. In the future, by being combined with artificial intelligence in vitreoretinal clinics, robotic surgery will be applied to preoperative, intraoperative, and postoperative surgical procedure decisions, programs, and education.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1007\/s10384-025-01231-1","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,1]],"date-time":"2025-08-01T07:58:58Z","timestamp":1754035138000},"page":"483-494","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["Advancements in robotic surgery for vitreoretinal diseases: current trends and the future"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"69","author":[{"given":"Shintaro","family":"Nakao","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kotaro","family":"Tadano","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9819-5509","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Koh-Hei","family":"Sonoda","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"1231_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"26","DOI":"10.1007\/s10384-018-0623-4","volume":"63","author":"Y Morizane","year":"2019","unstructured":"Morizane Y, Morimoto N, Fujiwara A, Kawasaki R, Yamashita H, Ogura Y, et al. 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Nakao, Grants or contracts to the author\u2019s institution (Alcon, HANDAYA, HOYA, IWAKI OPTICAL, JFC Sales Plan, Kowa, Otsuka, Santen, Seed, Senju, TOMEY, WAKAMOTO), Consulting fees (Alcon, Bayer, Chugai, Kowa, Boehringer Ingelheim, Novartis, RIVERFIELD, Senju), Payment or honoraria for lectures, presentations, speakers bureaus, manuscript writing or educational events (Alcon, Bayer, Chugai, JFC Sales Plan, Johnson & Johnson, Kowa, Machida Endoscope, Mitsubishi Tanabe, Boehringer Ingelheim, Novartis, Novo Nordisk, Otsuka, Santen, Senju, WAKAMOTO), Support for attending meetings and\/or travel (Chugai, NIPRO, Novartis, Sumitomo), Patents planned, issued or pending (RIVERFIELD); K. Tadano, Payment or honoraria for lectures, presentations, speakers bureaus, manuscript writing or educational events (Canon), Support for attending meetings and\/or travel (Kaken pharmaceutical), Stock or stock options (RIVERFIELD); K. 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