{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,18]],"date-time":"2026-04-18T06:38:26Z","timestamp":1776494306183,"version":"3.51.2"},"reference-count":36,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,10]],"date-time":"2025-11-10T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1762732800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springernature.com\/gp\/researchers\/text-and-data-mining"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,10]],"date-time":"2025-11-10T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1762732800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springernature.com\/gp\/researchers\/text-and-data-mining"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Jpn J Ophthalmol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,3]]},"DOI":"10.1007\/s10384-025-01303-2","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,10]],"date-time":"2025-11-10T05:14:54Z","timestamp":1762751694000},"page":"325-334","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Two-year outcomes of half-fluence photodynamic therapy combined with intravitreal aflibercept for treatment-na\u00efve pachychoroid neovasculopathy"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"70","author":[{"given":"Junki","family":"Hoshino","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2311-0280","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hidetaka","family":"Matsumoto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Saki","family":"Numaga","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yosuke","family":"Asatori","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Hideo","family":"Akiyama","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,10]]},"reference":[{"key":"1303_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"819","DOI":"10.1038\/s41433-024-03253-4","volume":"39","author":"CMG Cheung","year":"2025","unstructured":"Cheung CMG, Dansingani KK, Koizumi H, Lai TYY, Sivaprasad S, Boon CJF, et al. Pachychoroid disease: review and update. Eye (Lond). 2025;39:819\u201334.","journal-title":"Eye (Lond)"},{"key":"1303_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1829","DOI":"10.1097\/IAE.0b013e3182680a66","volume":"32","author":"AT Fung","year":"2012","unstructured":"Fung AT, Yannuzzi LA, Freund KB. Type 1 (sub-retinal pigment epithelial) neovascularization in central serous chorioretinopathy masquerading as neovascular age-related macular degeneration. Retina. 2012;32:1829\u201337.","journal-title":"Retina"},{"key":"1303_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1097\/IAE.0000000000000331","volume":"35","author":"CE Pang","year":"2015","unstructured":"Pang CE, Freund KB. Pachychoroid neovasculopathy. Retina. 2015;35:1\u20139.","journal-title":"Retina"},{"key":"1303_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"16204","DOI":"10.1038\/srep16204","volume":"5","author":"M Miyake","year":"2015","unstructured":"Miyake M, Ooto S, Yamashiro K, Takahashi A, Yoshikawa M, Akagi-Kurashige Y, et al. Pachychoroid neovasculopathy and age-related macular degeneration. Sci Rep. 2015;5:16204.","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"key":"1303_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"144","DOI":"10.1007\/s10384-018-0562-0","volume":"62","author":"H Matsumoto","year":"2018","unstructured":"Matsumoto H, Hiroe T, Morimoto M, Mimura K, Ito A, Akiyama H. Efficacy of treat-and-extend regimen with aflibercept for pachychoroid neovasculopathy and type 1 neovascular age-related macular degeneration. Jpn J Ophthalmol. 2018;62:144\u201350.","journal-title":"Jpn J Ophthalmol"},{"key":"1303_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1196","DOI":"10.1016\/j.oret.2018.06.014","volume":"2","author":"CMG Cheung","year":"2018","unstructured":"Cheung CMG, Gan A, Yanagi Y, Wong TY, Spaide R. Association between choroidal thickness and drusen subtypes in age-related macular degeneration. Ophthalmol Retina. 2018;2:1196\u2013205.","journal-title":"Ophthalmol Retina"},{"key":"1303_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"741","DOI":"10.1007\/s10384-021-00869-x","volume":"65","author":"K Yamashiro","year":"2021","unstructured":"Yamashiro K, Oishi A, Hata M, Takahashi A, Tsujikawa A. Visual acuity outcomes of anti-VEGF treatment for neovascular age-related macular degeneration in clinical trials. Jpn J Ophthalmol. 2021;65:741\u201360.","journal-title":"Jpn J Ophthalmol"},{"key":"1303_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"292","DOI":"10.1167\/iovs.16-20967","volume":"58","author":"M Hata","year":"2017","unstructured":"Hata M, Yamashiro K, Ooto S, Oishi A, Tamura H, Miyata M, et al. Intraocular vascular endothelial growth factor levels in pachychoroid neovasculopathy and neovascular age-related macular degeneration. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci. 2017;58:292\u20138.","journal-title":"Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci"},{"key":"1303_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1792","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2010.01.023","volume":"117","author":"I Maruko","year":"2010","unstructured":"Maruko I, Iida T, Sugano Y, Ojima A, Ogasawara M, Spaide RF. Subfoveal choroidal thickness after treatment of central serous chorioretinopathy. Ophthalmology. 2010;117:1792\u20139.","journal-title":"Ophthalmology"},{"key":"1303_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1453","DOI":"10.1136\/bjo.87.12.1453","volume":"87","author":"WM Chan","year":"2003","unstructured":"Chan WM, Lam DS, Lai TY, Tam BS, Liu DT, Chan CK. Choroidal vascular remodelling in central serous chorioretinopathy after indocyanine green guided photodynamic therapy with verteporfin: a novel treatment at the primary disease level. Br J Ophthalmol. 2003;87:1453\u20138.","journal-title":"Br J Ophthalmol"},{"key":"1303_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"203","DOI":"10.1007\/s10384-020-00722-7","volume":"64","author":"H Matsumoto","year":"2020","unstructured":"Matsumoto H, Mukai R, Kikuchi Y, Morimoto M, Akiyama H. One-year outcomes of half-fluence photodynamic therapy combined with intravitreal injection of aflibercept for pachychoroid neovasculopathy without polypoidal lesions. Jpn J Ophthalmol. 2020;64:203\u20139.","journal-title":"Jpn J Ophthalmol"},{"key":"1303_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1279","DOI":"10.1007\/s00417-020-04661-4","volume":"258","author":"Y Kitajima","year":"2020","unstructured":"Kitajima Y, Maruyama-Inoue M, Ito A, Sato S, Inoue T, Yamane S, et al. One-year outcome of combination therapy with intravitreal anti-vascular endothelial growth factor and photodynamic therapy in patients with pachychoroid neovasculopathy. Graefes Arch Clin Exp Ophthalmol. 2020;258:1279\u201385.","journal-title":"Graefes Arch Clin Exp Ophthalmol"},{"key":"1303_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e0248760","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0248760","volume":"16","author":"A Miki","year":"2021","unstructured":"Miki A, Kusuhara S, Otsuji T, Kawashima Y, Miki K, Imai H, et al. Photodynamic therapy combined with anti-vascular endothelial growth factor therapy for pachychoroid neovasculopathy. PLoS One. 2021;16:e0248760.","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"1303_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"483","DOI":"10.3390\/ph15040483","volume":"15","author":"M Sato-Akushichi","year":"2022","unstructured":"Sato-Akushichi M, Ono S, Taneda T, Klose G, Sasamori A, Song Y. One-year outcome of combination therapy with full or reduced photodynamic therapy and one anti-vascular endothelial growth factor in pachychoroid neovasculopathy. Pharmaceuticals (Basel). 2022;15:483.","journal-title":"Pharmaceuticals (Basel)"},{"key":"1303_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2235","DOI":"10.1007\/s00417-023-06030-3","volume":"261","author":"J Takeuchi","year":"2023","unstructured":"Takeuchi J, Ota H, Nakano Y, Horiguchi E, Taki Y, Ito Y, et al. Predictive factors for outcomes of half-dose photodynamic therapy combined with aflibercept for pachychoroid neovasculopathy. Graefes Arch Clin Exp Ophthalmol. 2023;261:2235\u201343.","journal-title":"Graefes Arch Clin Exp Ophthalmol"},{"key":"1303_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3191","DOI":"10.1007\/s00417-024-06499-6","volume":"262","author":"Y Nomura","year":"2024","unstructured":"Nomura Y, Aoki S, Kitamoto K, Ueda K, Azuma K, Inoue T, et al. Three-year outcome of photodynamic therapy combined with VEGF inhibitor for pachychoroid neovasculopathy. Graefes Arch Clin Exp Ophthalmol. 2024;262:3191\u2013200.","journal-title":"Graefes Arch Clin Exp Ophthalmol"},{"key":"1303_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1243","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajo.2015.08.028","volume":"160","author":"KK Dansingani","year":"2015","unstructured":"Dansingani KK, Balaratnasingam C, Klufas MA, Sarraf D, Freund KB. Optical coherence tomography angiography of shallow irregular pigment epithelial detachments in pachychoroid spectrum disease. Am J Ophthalmol. 2015;160:1243-54.e2.","journal-title":"Am J Ophthalmol"},{"key":"1303_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"499","DOI":"10.1097\/IAE.0000000000000742","volume":"36","author":"KK Dansingani","year":"2016","unstructured":"Dansingani KK, Balaratnasingam C, Naysan J, Freund KB. En face imaging of pachychoroid spectrum disorders with swept-source optical coherence tomography. Retina. 2016;36:499\u2013516.","journal-title":"Retina"},{"key":"1303_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"708","DOI":"10.1097\/IAE.0000000000001689","volume":"38","author":"RF Spaide","year":"2018","unstructured":"Spaide RF. Disease expression in nonexudative age-related macular degeneration varies with choroidal thickness. Retina. 2018;38:708\u201316.","journal-title":"Retina"},{"key":"1303_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"16274","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-021-95904-9","volume":"11","author":"H Matsumoto","year":"2021","unstructured":"Matsumoto H, Hoshino J, Mukai R, Nakamura K, Kishi S, Akiyama H. Chronic choriocapillaris ischemia in dilated vortex vein region in pachychoroid neovasculopathy. Sci Rep. 2021;11:16274.","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"key":"1303_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"94","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajo.2015.09.032","volume":"161","author":"Y Kuroda","year":"2016","unstructured":"Kuroda Y, Yamashiro K, Tsujikawa A, Ooto S, Tamura H, Oishi A, et al. Retinal pigment epithelial atrophy in neovascular age-related macular degeneration after ranibizumab treatment. Am J Ophthalmol. 2016;161:94-103.e1.","journal-title":"Am J Ophthalmol"},{"key":"1303_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"462","DOI":"10.1016\/j.oret.2017.09.002","volume":"2","author":"H Matsumoto","year":"2018","unstructured":"Matsumoto H, Morimoto M, Mimura K, Ito A, Akiyama H. Treat-and-extend regimen with aflibercept for neovascular age-related macular degeneration: efficacy and macular atrophy development. Ophthalmol Retina. 2018;2:462\u20138.","journal-title":"Ophthalmol Retina"},{"key":"1303_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"9105","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-022-13208-y","volume":"12","author":"S Honda","year":"2022","unstructured":"Honda S, Kohno T, Yamamoto M, Hirayama K, Kyo A, Hirabayashi M, et al. Early anatomical changes and association with photodynamic therapy induced acute exudative maculopathy in patients with macular diseases. Sci Rep. 2022;12:9105.","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"key":"1303_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1043","DOI":"10.1001\/jamaophthalmol.2020.3001","volume":"138","author":"RN Evans","year":"2020","unstructured":"Evans RN, Reeves BC, Maguire MG, Martin DF, Muldrew A, Peto T, et al. Associations of variation in retinal thickness with visual acuity and anatomic outcomes in eyes with neovascular age-related macular degeneration lesions treated with anti-vascular endothelial growth factor agents. JAMA Ophthalmol. 2020;138:1043\u201351.","journal-title":"JAMA Ophthalmol"},{"key":"1303_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2983","DOI":"10.1038\/s41433-020-01354-4","volume":"35","author":"U Chakravarthy","year":"2021","unstructured":"Chakravarthy U, Havilio M, Syntosi A, Pillai N, Wilkes E, Benyamini G, et al. Impact of macular fluid volume fluctuations on visual acuity during anti-VEGF therapy in eyes with nAMD. Eye (Lond). 2021;35:2983\u201390.","journal-title":"Eye (Lond)"},{"key":"1303_CR26","first-page":"2857","volume":"35","author":"RS Ramrattan","year":"1994","unstructured":"Ramrattan RS, van der Schaft TL, Mooy CM, de Bruijn WC, Mulder PG, de Jong PT. Morphometric analysis of Bruch\u2019s membrane, the choriocapillaris, and the choroid in aging. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci. 1994;35:2857\u201364.","journal-title":"Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci"},{"key":"1303_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e0259880","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0259880","volume":"16","author":"A Ichioka","year":"2021","unstructured":"Ichioka A, Ooto S, Uji A, Manabe S, Shiragami C, Tsujikawa A. Correlations among age, sex, axial length, and subfoveal choroidal thickness in the choriocapillaris structure analyzed using multiple en face image averaging optical coherence tomography angiography. PLoS One. 2021;16:e0259880.","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"1303_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e0271747","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0271747","volume":"17","author":"M Tagawa","year":"2022","unstructured":"Tagawa M, Ooto S, Yamashiro K, Tamura H, Oishi A, Uji A, et al. Choriocapillaris flow deficit in a pachychoroid spectrum disease using en face optical coherence tomography angiography averaging. PLoS One. 2022;17:e0271747.","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"1303_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1714","DOI":"10.1038\/s41433-024-03007-2","volume":"38","author":"\u00d6 Yanik","year":"2024","unstructured":"Yanik \u00d6, Demirel S, \u00d6zcan G, Batioglu F, \u00d6zmert E. Qualitative and quantitative comparisons of type 1 macular neovascularizations between pachychoroid neovasculopathy and neovascular age-related macular degeneration using optical coherence tomography angiography. Eye (Lond). 2024;38:1714\u201321.","journal-title":"Eye (Lond)"},{"key":"1303_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"135","DOI":"10.1097\/IAE.0000000000002343","volume":"40","author":"GJ Manayath","year":"2020","unstructured":"Manayath GJ, Ranjan R, Vidhate S, Narendran V. Photodynamic therapy-induced acute exudative maculopathy: incidence, clinical features, and long-term outcomes. Retina. 2020;40:135\u201344.","journal-title":"Retina"},{"key":"1303_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4473","DOI":"10.1167\/iovs.02-1115","volume":"44","author":"U Schmidt-Erfurth","year":"2003","unstructured":"Schmidt-Erfurth U, Schlotzer-Schrehard U, Cursiefen C, Michels S, Beckendorf A, Naumann GO. Influence of photodynamic therapy on expression of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), VEGF receptor 3, and pigment epithelium-derived factor. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci. 2003;44:4473\u201380.","journal-title":"Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci"},{"key":"1303_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"323","DOI":"10.1089\/clm.1996.14.323","volume":"14","author":"VH Fingar","year":"1996","unstructured":"Fingar VH. Vascular effects of photodynamic therapy. J Clin Laser Med Surg. 1996;14:323\u20138.","journal-title":"J Clin Laser Med Surg"},{"key":"1303_CR33","first-page":"3904","volume":"57","author":"SO Gollnick","year":"1997","unstructured":"Gollnick SO, Liu X, Owczarczak B, Musser DA, Henderson BW. Altered expression of interleukin 6 and interleukin 10 as a result of photodynamic therapy in vivo. Cancer Res. 1997;57:3904\u20139.","journal-title":"Cancer Res"},{"key":"1303_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1649","DOI":"10.1001\/archopht.121.11.1649","volume":"121","author":"ER Holz","year":"2003","unstructured":"Holz ER, Linares L, Mieler WF, Weinberg DV. Exudative complications after photodynamic therapy. Arch Ophthalmol. 2003;121:1649\u201352.","journal-title":"Arch Ophthalmol"},{"key":"1303_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"296","DOI":"10.1097\/IAE.0000000000001980","volume":"39","author":"Y Takasago","year":"2019","unstructured":"Takasago Y, Shiragami C, Kobayashi M, Osaka R, Ono A, Yamashita A, et al. Macular atrophy findings by optical coherence tomography angiography compared with fundus autofluorescence in treated exudative age-related macular degeneration. Retina. 2019;39:296\u2013302.","journal-title":"Retina"},{"key":"1303_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"150","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2013.08.015","volume":"121","author":"JE Grunwald","year":"2014","unstructured":"Grunwald JE, Daniel E, Huang J, Ying GS, Maguire MG, Toth CA, et al. Risk of geographic atrophy in the comparison of age-related macular degeneration treatments trials. Ophthalmology. 2014;121:150\u201361.","journal-title":"Ophthalmology"}],"container-title":["Japanese Journal of Ophthalmology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s10384-025-01303-2.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s10384-025-01303-2","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s10384-025-01303-2.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,18]],"date-time":"2026-04-18T05:39:55Z","timestamp":1776490795000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s10384-025-01303-2"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,10]]},"references-count":36,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,3]]}},"alternative-id":["1303"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10384-025-01303-2","relation":{},"ISSN":["0021-5155","1613-2246"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0021-5155","type":"print"},{"value":"1613-2246","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,10]]},"assertion":[{"value":"9 June 2025","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"8 September 2025","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"10 November 2025","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"J. Hoshino, Payment or honoraria for lectures, presentations, speakers bureaus, manuscript writing or educational events (Novartis, Chugai, Senju, Leica); H. Matsumoto, Payment or honoraria for lectures, presentations, speakers bureaus, manuscript writing or educational events (Novartis, Chugai Senju), Participation on a Data Safety Monitoring Board or Advisory Board (Novartis, Chugai); S. Numaga, None; Y. Asatori, None; H. Akiyama, Payment or honoraria for lectures, presentations, speakers bureaus, manuscript writing or educational events (Novartis, Chugai, Senju, Bayer, Santen, Otsuka, AMO, Pfizer, Wakamoto, Kowa, Eisai, HOYA).","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Conflicts of interest"}}]}}