{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,1]],"date-time":"2026-06-01T10:09:50Z","timestamp":1780308590522,"version":"3.54.0"},"reference-count":24,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,11]],"date-time":"2025-12-11T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1765411200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springernature.com\/gp\/researchers\/text-and-data-mining"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,11]],"date-time":"2025-12-11T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1765411200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springernature.com\/gp\/researchers\/text-and-data-mining"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Jpn J Ophthalmol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,5]]},"DOI":"10.1007\/s10384-025-01316-x","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,11]],"date-time":"2025-12-11T03:58:43Z","timestamp":1765425523000},"page":"621-628","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Use of brolucizumab in refractory neovascular age-related macular degeneration: characteristics and biomarkers of intraocular inflammation from an Asian real-world study"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"70","author":[{"given":"Chun Pao","family":"Chang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yih-Shiou","family":"Hwang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hung-Da","family":"Chou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ling","family":"Yeung","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Eugene Yu-Chuan","family":"Kang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wei-Chi","family":"Wu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chi-Chun","family":"Lai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Laura","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jheng-Siou","family":"Wu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kuan-Jen","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"An-Ning","family":"Chao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jui-Yen","family":"Lin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yen-Ting","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tsung-Hsien","family":"Tsai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ming-Chih","family":"Ho","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2682-939X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yi-Hsing","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,11]]},"reference":[{"key":"1316_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"193","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2013.08.011","volume":"121","author":"U Schmidt-Erfurth","year":"2014","unstructured":"Schmidt-Erfurth U, Kaiser PK, Korobelnik J-F, Brown DM, Chong V, Nguyen QD, et al. Intravitreal aflibercept injection for neovascular age-related macular degeneration: ninety-six\u2013week results of the VIEW studies. Ophthalmology. 2014;121:193\u2013201.","journal-title":"Ophthalmology"},{"key":"1316_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1419","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa054481","volume":"355","author":"PJ Rosenfeld","year":"2006","unstructured":"Rosenfeld PJ, Brown DM, Heier JS, Boyer DS, Kaiser PK, Chung CY, et al. Ranibizumab for neovascular age-related macular degeneration. N Engl J Med. 2006;355:1419\u201331.","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"1316_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"13","DOI":"10.2147\/OPTH.S151611","volume":"12","author":"C Ehlken","year":"2017","unstructured":"Ehlken C, Helms M, B\u00f6hringer D, Agostini HT, Stahl A. Association of treatment adherence with real-life VA outcomes in AMD, DME, and BRVO patients. Clin Ophthalmol. 2017;12:13\u201320.","journal-title":"Clin Ophthalmol"},{"key":"1316_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"188","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2013.08.035","volume":"121","author":"AA Chang","year":"2014","unstructured":"Chang AA, Li H, Broadhead GK, Hong T, Schlub TE, Wijeyakumar W, et al. Intravitreal aflibercept for treatment-resistant neovascular age-related macular degeneration. Ophthalmology. 2014;121:188\u201392.","journal-title":"Ophthalmology"},{"key":"1316_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"72","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2019.04.017","volume":"127","author":"PU Dugel","year":"2020","unstructured":"Dugel PU, Koh A, Ogura Y, Jaffe GJ, Schmidt-Erfurth U, Brown DM, et al. HAWK and HARRIER: phase 3, multicenter, randomized, double-masked trials of brolucizumab for neovascular age-related macular degeneration. Ophthalmology. 2020;127:72\u201384.","journal-title":"Ophthalmology"},{"key":"1316_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"974","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2022.04.028","volume":"129","author":"AM Khanani","year":"2022","unstructured":"Khanani AM, Brown DM, Jaffe GJ, Wykoff CC, Adiguzel E, Wong R, et al. MERLIN: Phase 3a, multicenter, randomized, double-masked trial of brolucizumab in participants with neovascular age-related macular degeneration and persistent retinal fluid. Ophthalmology. 2022;129:974\u201385.","journal-title":"Ophthalmology"},{"key":"1316_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2451","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-024-52747-4","volume":"14","author":"S Inoda","year":"2024","unstructured":"Inoda S, Takahashi H, Takahashi R, Hashimoto Y, Yoshida H, Tsukii R, et al. One-year outcome of brolucizumab for neovascular age-related macular degeneration in Japanese patients. Sci Rep. 2024;14:2451.","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"key":"1316_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"96","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajo.2021.03.061","volume":"228","author":"Standardization of Uveitis Nomenclature (SUN) Working Group","year":"2021","unstructured":"Standardization of Uveitis Nomenclature (SUN) Working Group. Development of classification criteria for the uveitides. Am J Ophthalmol. 2021;228:96\u2013105.","journal-title":"Am J Ophthalmol"},{"key":"1316_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1050","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2020.11.011","volume":"128","author":"J Mon\u00e9s","year":"2021","unstructured":"Mon\u00e9s J, Srivastava SK, Jaffe GJ, Tadayoni R, Albini TA, Kaiser PK, et al. Risk of inflammation, retinal vasculitis, and retinal occlusion-related events with Brolucizumab: post hoc review of HAWK and HARRIER. Ophthalmology. 2021;128:1050\u20139.","journal-title":"Ophthalmology"},{"key":"1316_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"394","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2019.09.035","volume":"127","author":"RH Guymer","year":"2020","unstructured":"Guymer RH, Rosenfeld PJ, Curcio CA, Holz FG, Staurenghi G, Freund KB, et al. Incomplete retinal pigment epithelial and outer retinal atrophy in age-related macular degeneration: classification of atrophy meeting report 4. Ophthalmology. 2020;127:394\u2013409.","journal-title":"Ophthalmology"},{"key":"1316_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e0218889","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0218889","volume":"14","author":"A Uchida","year":"2019","unstructured":"Uchida A, Hu M, Babiuch A, Srivastava SK, Singh RP, Kaiser PK, et al. Optical coherence tomography angiography characteristics of choroidal neovascularization requiring varied dosing frequencies in treat-and-extend management: an analysis of the AVATAR study. PLoS ONE. 2019;14:e0218889.","journal-title":"PLoS ONE"},{"key":"1316_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"219","DOI":"10.1080\/01658107.2016.1209221","volume":"40","author":"R Karanjia","year":"2016","unstructured":"Karanjia R, Hwang TJ, Chen AF, Pouw A, Tian JJ, Chu ER, et al. Correcting finger counting to snellen acuity. Neuroophthalmology. 2016;40:219\u201321.","journal-title":"Neuroophthalmology"},{"key":"1316_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"879","DOI":"10.1016\/j.oret.2023.06.009","volume":"7","author":"B Bodaghi","year":"2023","unstructured":"Bodaghi B, Souied EH, Tadayoni R, Weber M, Ponthieux A, Kodjikian L. Detection and management of intraocular inflammation after brolucizumab treatment for neovascular age-related macular degeneration. Ophthalmol Retina. 2023;7:879\u201391.","journal-title":"Ophthalmol Retina"},{"key":"1316_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"714","DOI":"10.1097\/IAE.0000000000004009","volume":"44","author":"S Inoda","year":"2024","unstructured":"Inoda S, Takahashi H, Maruyama-Inoue M, Ikeda S, Sekiryu T, Itagaki K, et al. Incidence and risk factors of intraocular inflammation after brolucizumab treatment in Japan: a multicenter age-related macular degeneration study. Retina. 2024;44:714\u201322.","journal-title":"Retina"},{"key":"1316_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2857","DOI":"10.1007\/s00417-021-05136-w","volume":"259","author":"I Maruko","year":"2021","unstructured":"Maruko I, Okada AA, Iida T, Hasegawa T, Izumi T, Kawai M, et al. Brolucizumab-related intraocular inflammation in Japanese patients with age-related macular degeneration: a short-term multicenter study. Graefes Arch Clin Exp Ophthalmol. 2021;259:2857\u20139.","journal-title":"Graefes Arch Clin Exp Ophthalmol"},{"key":"1316_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"131","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2024.08.022","volume":"132","author":"DM Brown","year":"2025","unstructured":"Brown DM, Jaffe GJ, Wykoff CC, Adiguzel E, Heier JS, Khanani AM. MERLIN: two-year results of brolucizumab in participants with neovascular age-related macular degeneration and persistent retinal fluid. Ophthalmology. 2025;132:131\u201340.","journal-title":"Ophthalmology"},{"key":"1316_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2359","DOI":"10.1007\/s00417-023-06036-x","volume":"261","author":"R Sotani","year":"2023","unstructured":"Sotani R, Matsumiya W, Kim KW, Miki A, Yasuda E, Maeda Y, et al. Clinical features and associated factors of intraocular inflammation following intravitreal brolucizumab as switching therapy for neovascular age-related macular degeneration. Graefes Arch Clin Exp Ophthalmol. 2023;261:2359\u201366.","journal-title":"Graefes Arch Clin Exp Ophthalmol"},{"key":"1316_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4701","DOI":"10.1007\/s10792-023-02870-4","volume":"43","author":"K Hoshi","year":"2023","unstructured":"Hoshi K, Kunikata H, Aizawa N, Yasuda M, Okabe T, Takizawa H, et al. Baseline characteristics associated with the incidence of intraocular inflammation after the intravitreous injection of brolucizumab. Int Ophthalmol. 2023;43:4701\u20139.","journal-title":"Int Ophthalmol"},{"key":"1316_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e0259879","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0259879","volume":"16","author":"R Mukai","year":"2021","unstructured":"Mukai R, Matsumoto H, Akiyama H. Risk factors for emerging intraocular inflammation after intravitreal brolucizumab injection for age-related macular degeneration. PLoS ONE. 2021;16:e0259879.","journal-title":"PLoS ONE"},{"key":"1316_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"20","DOI":"10.1001\/jamaophthalmol.2021.4585","volume":"140","author":"AM Khanani","year":"2022","unstructured":"Khanani AM, Zarbin MA, Barakat MR, Albini TA, Kaiser PK, B G, et al. Safety outcomes of brolucizumab in neovascular age-related macular degeneration: results from the IRIS registry and Komodo healthcare map. JAMA Ophthalmol. 2022;140:20\u20138.","journal-title":"JAMA Ophthalmol"},{"key":"1316_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"100742","DOI":"10.1016\/j.curtheres.2024.100742","volume":"100","author":"HM Kim","year":"2024","unstructured":"Kim HM, Woo SJ. Immunogenicity and potential for intraocular inflammation of intravitreal anti-VEGF drugs. Curr Ther Res Clin Exp. 2024;100:100742.","journal-title":"Curr Ther Res Clin Exp"},{"key":"1316_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"611","DOI":"10.1038\/s41433-019-0583-z","volume":"34","author":"A Sharma","year":"2020","unstructured":"Sharma A, Kumar N, Kuppermann BD, Bandello F. Brolucizimab\u2014leading an era of structural revolution for long-term VEGF suppression. Eye. 2020;34:611\u20133.","journal-title":"Eye"},{"key":"1316_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"903","DOI":"10.1111\/aos.15124","volume":"100","author":"M Busch","year":"2022","unstructured":"Busch M, Pfeil JM, D\u00e4hmcke M, Brauckmann T, Gro\u00dfjohann R, Chisci V, et al. Anti-drug antibodies to brolucizumab and ranibizumab in serum and vitreous of patients with ocular disease. Acta Ophthalmol. 2022;100:903\u201310.","journal-title":"Acta Ophthalmol"},{"key":"1316_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2380","DOI":"10.2337\/db06-1694","volume":"56","author":"D Navaratna","year":"2007","unstructured":"Navaratna D, McGuire PG, Menicucci G, Das A. Proteolytic degradation of VE-cadherin alters the blood-retinal barrier in diabetes. Diabetes. 2007;56:2380\u20137.","journal-title":"Diabetes"}],"container-title":["Japanese Journal of Ophthalmology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s10384-025-01316-x.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s10384-025-01316-x","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s10384-025-01316-x.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,1]],"date-time":"2026-06-01T09:55:04Z","timestamp":1780307704000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s10384-025-01316-x"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,11]]},"references-count":24,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,5]]}},"alternative-id":["1316"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10384-025-01316-x","relation":{},"ISSN":["0021-5155","1613-2246"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0021-5155","type":"print"},{"value":"1613-2246","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,11]]},"assertion":[{"value":"17 July 2025","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"14 November 2025","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"11 December 2025","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"C. P. Chang, None; Y-S. Hwang, None; H-D. Chou, None; L. Yeung, None; E. Y-C. Kang, None; W-C. Wu, None; C-C. Lai, None; L. Liu, None; J-S. Wu, None; K-J. Chen, None; A-N. Chao, None; J-Y. Lin, None; Y-T. Chen, None; T-H. Tsai, None; M-C. Ho, None; Y-H. Chen, None.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Conflicts of interest"}}]}}