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Conjunctival tissue was analyzed histologically to quantify eosinophil and neutrophil infiltration. Gene expression of mRNA in conjunctival tissue was assessed using a PCR array and quantitative RT-PCR.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Eosinophilic and neutrophilic infiltration in the subconjunctival tissue was more pronounced in the IL-23 group than in the allergy and control groups. PCR array and quantitative RT-PCR analyses revealed significantly elevated\n                      <jats:italic>Ccl17\/Tarc<\/jats:italic>\n                      mRNA expression in the IL-23 group compared to the allergy group.\n                      <jats:italic>IL-17A<\/jats:italic>\n                      mRNA, undetectable in the allergy group, was expressed in the IL-23 group. Additionally, PCR array comparisons between the IL-23 and non-sensitized IL-23 groups showed a significant increase in\n                      <jats:italic>Rorc<\/jats:italic>\n                      and\n                      <jats:italic>Il1r1<\/jats:italic>\n                      expression in the IL-23 group. At the same time,\n                      <jats:italic>Mmp3<\/jats:italic>\n                      ,\n                      <jats:italic>Ccl7<\/jats:italic>\n                      , and\n                      <jats:italic>Ccr2<\/jats:italic>\n                      were significantly upregulated in the non-sensitized IL-23 group. RT-PCR analysis also demonstrated higher\n                      <jats:italic>IL-17A<\/jats:italic>\n                      mRNA levels in the non-sensitized IL-23 group than in the IL-23 group.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>IL-23 induces mixed eosinophilic\u2013neutrophilic inflammation in conjunctival tissue, characterized by enhanced Th2 and weak Th17 responses in a murine model of EAC. These findings suggest a modulatory role of the IL-23\/Th17 axis in influencing the severity and phenotype of allergic conjunctival inflammation.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1007\/s10384-026-01333-4","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,13]],"date-time":"2026-02-13T03:12:35Z","timestamp":1770952355000},"page":"1027-1036","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Conjunctival allergic inflammation involving the interleukin-23\/T helper type 17 immune axis in an experimental allergic conjunctivitis mouse model"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"70","author":[{"given":"Rumi","family":"Adachi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jun","family":"Shoji","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Noriko","family":"Inada","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Akiko","family":"Tomioka","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Satoru","family":"Yamagami","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,13]]},"reference":[{"key":"1333_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"429","DOI":"10.1097\/ACI.0b013e3282ef8674","volume":"7","author":"A Leonardi","year":"2007","unstructured":"Leonardi A, De Dominicis C, Motterle L. 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