{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,8]],"date-time":"2026-08-08T05:44:15Z","timestamp":1786167855511,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":24,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,6]],"date-time":"2026-05-06T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1778025600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,6]],"date-time":"2026-05-06T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1778025600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Jpn J Ophthalmol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,7]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Purpose<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To investigate differences in work styles and career satisfaction between women and men physicians in the retina subspecialty in Japan using a questionnaire survey.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Study design<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Cross-sectional study.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>A web-based questionnaire was sent as an e-mail link to all 3,027 current members of the Japanese Retina and Vitreous Society in August 2023 with responses collected anonymously in September 2023. The questionnaire consisted of 4 main categories: baseline characteristics, job satisfaction, life events and career advancement, and suitability as a retina specialist and workplace gender equality.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Valid responses were received from 614 members, representing a response rate of 20.3%. One-fifth of men (19.0%) were \u201cvery satisfied\u201d with their job, much higher than the same for women (7.5%) (\n                      <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                      &lt; 0.001). Furthermore, there was a significant difference between men and women who \u201cstrongly agreed\u201d or \u201cagreed\u201d that life events were an impediment to one's career (44.3% vs 74.9%) (\n                      <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                      &lt; 0.001). There was also a significant difference between men and women who answered \u201cstrongly agree\u201d when asked whether they felt they were suited to work in the retina subspecialty (31.0% vs 13.4%) (\n                      <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                      &lt; 0.001).\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Our study identified and quantified marked differences in work style and career satisfaction between women and men. Such differences highlight gender-based challenges in the retina subspecialty that could be improved in order to enhance career satisfaction and career longevity of women retina specialists in Japan.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1007\/s10384-026-01348-x","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,6]],"date-time":"2026-05-06T05:15:06Z","timestamp":1778044506000},"page":"1017-1026","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Gender-based differences in work styles and career satisfaction in the retina subspecialty in Japan"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"70","author":[{"given":"Maiko","family":"Maruyama-Inoue","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Annabelle A.","family":"Okada","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Miho","family":"Nozaki","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hiroko","family":"Terashima","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yoko","family":"Miura","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,6]]},"reference":[{"key":"1348_CR1","unstructured":"Cabinet Office, Government of Japan. 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