{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,9]],"date-time":"2026-07-09T19:14:49Z","timestamp":1783624489328,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":30,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,9]],"date-time":"2026-07-09T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1783555200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,9]],"date-time":"2026-07-09T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1783555200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Jpn J Ophthalmol"],"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Purpose<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To examine the relationship between posterior vitreous changes and retinal detachment (RD) associated with acute retinal necrosis (ARN).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Study design<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Retrospective, consecutive case study.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This study evaluated the clinical findings for 32 eyes of 29 patients (12 women, 17 men) diagnosed with ARN, with the posterior vitreous condition monitored by swept-source optical coherence tomography (SS-OCT). The causative virus, incidence of RD, and relationship between the development of RD and final visual acuity were investigated. Patients were checked for posterior vitreous detachment (PVD) from the initial visit to the last SS-OCT observation.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Varicella-zoster virus caused 67% of the ARN cases, with RD developing in 66% of the cases, and proliferative vitreoretinopathy (PVR) in 90% at onset or at recurrence. Silicone oil could not be removed in 38% of the cases with RD. Final best-corrected visual acuity was significantly worse in the RD (+) group than in the RD (\u2013) group (median logMAR 1.02 vs. 0.16, p = 0.04). PVD occurred in 20 of 21 eyes without PVD at the initial examination, with 18 of these 20 eyes developing RD (90%). PVD occurred at an average of 45.8 \u00b1 32.1 days after the initial examination, with 85% of the cases developing PVD within 3 months.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The visual prognosis of ARN complicated by RD is poor. PVD is involved in the development of RD and is often associated with PVR, which itself is refractory.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1007\/s10384-026-01396-3","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,9]],"date-time":"2026-07-09T06:31:09Z","timestamp":1783578669000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Acute retinal necrosis: an assessment of vitreous and retinal detachment"],"prefix":"10.1007","author":[{"given":"Yosuke","family":"Arai","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6272-9911","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hideo","family":"Akiyama","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shunsuke","family":"Tokui","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kazuma","family":"Saito","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Daisuke","family":"Todokoro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,9]]},"reference":[{"key":"1396_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1317","DOI":"10.1016\/S0161-6420(82)34638-2","volume":"89","author":"WW Culbertson","year":"1982","unstructured":"Culbertson WW, Blumenkranz MS, Haines H, Gass DM, Mitchell KB, Norton EW. The acute retinal necrosis syndrome. Part 2: Histopathology and etiology. Ophthalmology. 1982;89:1317\u201325.","journal-title":"Ophthalmology."},{"key":"1396_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"663","DOI":"10.1016\/S0002-9394(14)70075-3","volume":"117","author":"GN Holland","year":"1994","unstructured":"Holland GN. Standard diagnostic criteria for the acute retinal necrosis syndrome. Executive Committee of the American Uveitis Society. Am J Ophthalmol. 1994;117:663\u20137.","journal-title":"Am J Ophthalmol."},{"key":"1396_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1452","DOI":"10.1136\/bjo.2007.114884","volume":"91","author":"MN Muthiah","year":"2007","unstructured":"Muthiah MN, Michaelides M, Child CS, Mitchell SM. Acute retinal necrosis: a national population-based study to assess the incidence, methods of diagnosis, treatment strategies and outcomes in the UK. Br J Ophthalmol. 2007;91:1452\u20135.","journal-title":"Br J Ophthalmol"},{"key":"1396_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Mueller NH, Gilden DH, Cohrs RJ, Mahalingam R, Nagel MA. Varicella zoster virus infection: clinical features, molecular pathogenesis of disease, and latency. Neurol Clin. 2008;26:675-97, viii.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ncl.2008.03.011"},{"key":"1396_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1638","DOI":"10.1016\/S0161-6420(90)32356-4","volume":"97","author":"JS Duker","year":"1990","unstructured":"Duker JS, Nielsen JC, Eagle RC Jr, Bosley TM, Granadier R, Benson WE. Rapidly progressive acute retinal necrosis secondary to herpes simplex virus, type 1. Ophthalmology. 1990;97:1638\u201343.","journal-title":"Ophthalmology"},{"key":"1396_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"76","DOI":"10.1016\/S0002-9394(14)76217-8","volume":"112","author":"M el Azazi","year":"1991","unstructured":"el Azazi M, Samuelsson A, Linde A, Forsgren M. Intrathecal antibody production against viruses of the herpesvirus family in acute retinal necrosis syndrome. Am J Ophthalmol. 1991;112:76\u201382.","journal-title":"Am J Ophthalmol"},{"key":"1396_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"875","DOI":"10.1016\/S0161-6420(89)32823-5","volume":"96","author":"ML Lewis","year":"1989","unstructured":"Lewis ML, Culbertson WW, Post JD, Miller D, Kokame GT, Dix RD. Herpes simplex virus type 1. A cause of the acute retinal necrosis syndrome. Ophthalmology. 1989;96:875\u20138.","journal-title":"Ophthalmology."},{"key":"1396_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"285","DOI":"10.1016\/S0002-9394(99)80133-0","volume":"125","author":"TP Margolis","year":"1998","unstructured":"Margolis TP, Milner MS, Shama A, Hodge W, Seiff S. Herpes zoster ophthalmicus in patients with human immunodeficiency virus infection. Am J Ophthalmol. 1998;125:285\u201391.","journal-title":"Am J Ophthalmol"},{"key":"1396_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1618","DOI":"10.1001\/archopht.1984.01040031308013","volume":"102","author":"GA Peyman","year":"1984","unstructured":"Peyman GA, Goldberg MF, Uninsky E, Tessler H, Pulido J, Hendricks R. Vitrectomy and intravitreal antiviral drug therapy in acute retinal necrosis syndrome. Report of two cases. Arch Ophthalmol. 1984;102:1618\u201321.","journal-title":"Arch Ophthalmol."},{"key":"1396_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"834","DOI":"10.1001\/archopht.1996.01100140048006","volume":"114","author":"ET Cunningham Jr","year":"1996","unstructured":"Cunningham ET Jr, Short GA, Irvine AR, Duker JS, Margolis TP. Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome\u2013associated herpes simplex virus retinitis. Clinical description and use of a polymerase chain reaction\u2013based assay as a diagnostic tool. Arch Ophthalmol. 1996;114:834\u201340.","journal-title":"Arch Ophthalmol."},{"key":"1396_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"206","DOI":"10.1016\/S1386-6532(03)00162-8","volume":"29","author":"S Asano","year":"2004","unstructured":"Asano S, Yoshikawa T, Kimura H, Enomoto Y, Ohashi M, Terasaki H, et al. Monitoring herpesvirus DNA in three cases of acute retinal necrosis by real-time PCR. J Clin Virol. 2004;29:206\u20139.","journal-title":"J Clin Virol"},{"key":"1396_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"296","DOI":"10.1016\/S0161-6420(86)33740-0","volume":"93","author":"MS Blumenkranz","year":"1986","unstructured":"Blumenkranz MS, Culbertson WW, Clarkson JG, Dix R. Treatment of the acute retinal necrosis syndrome with intravenous acyclovir. Ophthalmology. 1986;93:296\u2013300.","journal-title":"Ophthalmology"},{"key":"1396_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"250","DOI":"10.1016\/S0002-9394(14)76725-X","volume":"112","author":"DA Palay","year":"1991","unstructured":"Palay DA, Sternberg P Jr., Davis J, Lewis H, Holland GN, Mieler WF, et al. Decrease in the risk of bilateral acute retinal necrosis by acyclovir therapy. Am J Ophthalmol. 1991;112:250\u20135.","journal-title":"Am J Ophthalmol"},{"key":"1396_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"556","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2009.08.003","volume":"117","author":"R Wong","year":"2010","unstructured":"Wong R, Pavesio CE, Laidlaw DA, Williamson TH, Graham EM, Stanford MR. Acute retinal necrosis: the effects of intravitreal foscarnet and virus type on outcome. Ophthalmology. 2010;117:556\u201360.","journal-title":"Ophthalmology"},{"key":"1396_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"173","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajo.2018.02.001","volume":"188","author":"J Baltinas","year":"2018","unstructured":"Baltinas J, Lightman S, Tomkins-Netzer O. Comparing treatment of acute retinal necrosis with either oral valacyclovir or intravenous acyclovir. Am J Ophthalmol. 2018;188:173\u201380.","journal-title":"Am J Ophthalmol"},{"key":"1396_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"382","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2016.11.007","volume":"124","author":"SD Schoenberger","year":"2017","unstructured":"Schoenberger SD, Kim SJ, Thorne JE, Mruthyunjaya P, Yeh S, Bakri SJ, et al. Diagnosis and treatment of acute retinal necrosis: a report by the American Academy of Ophthalmology. Ophthalmology. 2017;124:382\u201392.","journal-title":"Ophthalmology"},{"key":"1396_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1971","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2009.03.029","volume":"116","author":"J Hillenkamp","year":"2009","unstructured":"Hillenkamp J, Nolle B, Bruns C, Rautenberg P, Fickenscher H, Roider J. Acute retinal necrosis: clinical features, early vitrectomy, and outcomes. Ophthalmology. 2009;116:1971-5.e2.","journal-title":"Ophthalmology"},{"key":"1396_CR18","first-page":"482","volume":"5","author":"YH Luo","year":"2012","unstructured":"Luo YH, Duan XC, Chen BH, Tang LS, Guo XJ. Efficacy and necessity of prophylactic vitrectomy for acute retinal necrosis syndrome. Int J Ophthalmol. 2012;5:482\u20137.","journal-title":"Int J Ophthalmol"},{"key":"1396_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"795","DOI":"10.1097\/IAE.0b013e3181c7013c","volume":"30","author":"B Meghpara","year":"2010","unstructured":"Meghpara B, Sulkowski G, Kesen MR, Tessler HH, Goldstein DA. Long-term follow-up of acute retinal necrosis. Retina. 2010;30:795\u2013800.","journal-title":"Retina"},{"key":"1396_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1097\/IIO.0000000000000077","volume":"55","author":"JG Shantha","year":"2015","unstructured":"Shantha JG, Weissman HM, Debiec MR, Albini TA, Yeh S. Advances in the management of acute retinal necrosis. Int Ophthalmol Clin. 2015;55:1\u201313.","journal-title":"Int Ophthalmol Clin"},{"key":"1396_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"140","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajo.2019.05.023","volume":"206","author":"S Risseeuw","year":"2019","unstructured":"Risseeuw S, de Boer JH, ten Dam-van Loon NH, van Leeuwen R. Risk of rhegmatogenous retinal detachment in acute retinal necrosis with and without prophylactic intervention. Am J Ophthalmol. 2019;206:140\u20138.","journal-title":"Am J Ophthalmol"},{"key":"1396_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3102","DOI":"10.1167\/iovs.13-11769","volume":"54","author":"H Itakura","year":"2013","unstructured":"Itakura H, Kishi S, Li D, Akiyama H. Observation of posterior precortical vitreous pocket using swept-source optical coherence tomography. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci. 2013;54:3102\u20137.","journal-title":"Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci"},{"key":"1396_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2412","DOI":"10.1167\/iovs.14-13967","volume":"55","author":"D Li","year":"2014","unstructured":"Li D, Kishi S, Itakura H, Ikeda F, Akiyama H. Posterior precortical vitreous pockets and connecting channels in children on swept-source optical coherence tomography. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci. 2014;55:2412\u20136.","journal-title":"Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci"},{"key":"1396_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1617","DOI":"10.1007\/s40265-013-0124-1","volume":"73","author":"YY Syed","year":"2013","unstructured":"Syed YY, Dhillon S. Ocriplasmin: a review of its use in patients with symptomatic vitreomacular adhesion. Drugs. 2013;73:1617\u201325.","journal-title":"Drugs"},{"key":"1396_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"253","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00137539","volume":"9","author":"S Kishi","year":"1986","unstructured":"Kishi S, Demaria C, Shimizu K. Vitreous cortex remnants at the fovea after spontaneous vitreous detachment. Int Ophthalmol. 1986;9:253\u201360.","journal-title":"Int Ophthalmol"},{"key":"1396_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"344","DOI":"10.1111\/aos.14933","volume":"100","author":"F Sartini","year":"2022","unstructured":"Sartini F, Menchini M, Loiudice P, Nardi M, Figus M, Casini G. Surgical technique for removing vitreous cortex remnants using a diamond-dusted membrane scraper. Acta Ophthalmol. 2022;100:344\u20137.","journal-title":"Acta Ophthalmol"},{"key":"1396_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"226","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2003.05.034","volume":"111","author":"KH Sonoda","year":"2004","unstructured":"Sonoda KH, Sakamoto T, Enaida H, Miyazaki M, Noda Y, Nakamura T, et al. Residual vitreous cortex after surgical posterior vitreous separation visualized by intravitreous triamcinolone acetonide. Ophthalmology. 2004;111:226\u201330.","journal-title":"Ophthalmology"},{"key":"1396_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"451","DOI":"10.1016\/S0002-9394(14)75795-2","volume":"118","author":"S Kishi","year":"1994","unstructured":"Kishi S, Shimizu K. Oval defect in detached posterior hyaloid membrane in idiopathic preretinal macular fibrosis. Am J Ophthalmol. 1994;118:451\u20136.","journal-title":"Am J Ophthalmol"},{"key":"1396_CR29","first-page":"181","volume":"40","author":"T Tamura","year":"1996","unstructured":"Tamura T, Kishi S. Membranous nature of premacular vitreous cortex in the human eye. Jpn J Ophthalmol. 1996;40:181\u20136.","journal-title":"Jpn J Ophthalmol"},{"key":"1396_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1791","DOI":"10.1097\/IAE.0b013e318285f486","volume":"33","author":"EW Schneider","year":"2013","unstructured":"Schneider EW, Elner SG, van Kuijk FJ, Goldberg N, Lieberman RM, Eliott D, et al. Chronic retinal necrosis: cytomegalovirus necrotizing retinitis associated with panretinal vasculopathy in non-HIV patients. Retina. 2013;33:1791\u20139.","journal-title":"Retina"}],"container-title":["Japanese Journal of Ophthalmology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s10384-026-01396-3.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s10384-026-01396-3","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s10384-026-01396-3.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,9]],"date-time":"2026-07-09T19:01:13Z","timestamp":1783623673000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s10384-026-01396-3"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,9]]},"references-count":30,"alternative-id":["1396"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10384-026-01396-3","relation":{},"ISSN":["0021-5155","1613-2246"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0021-5155","type":"print"},{"value":"1613-2246","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,9]]},"assertion":[{"value":"7 September 2025","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"1 June 2026","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"9 July 2026","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"Y. Arai, None; H. Akiyama, None; S. Tokui, None; K. Saito, None; D. Todokoro, None.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Conflicts of interest"}}]}}